British English

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

eyelash

(also lash) noun (plural eyelashes)
one of the hairs that grow in a line on your eyelid:
She's got beautiful long eyelashes.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

eyelash

eye‧lash /ˈaɪlæʃ/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
1. one of the small hairs that grow along the edge of your ↑eyelids
2. flutter your eyelashes if a woman flutters her eyelashes, she moves them up and down very quickly, in order to look sexually attractive

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

eyelash

eye·lash [eyelash eyelashes] [ˈaɪlæʃ] [ˈaɪlæʃ] (also lash) noun usually plural

one of the hairs growing on the edge of the eyelids

• false eyelashes

• She just flutters her eyelashes and the men come running!

see bat your eyes/eyelashes at bat v.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

eyelash / ˈaɪ.læʃ / noun [ C ]

B2 any of the short hairs that grow along the edges of the eye:

long eyelashes

false eyelashes

See picture head

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

eyelash

/aɪlæʃ/
(eyelashes)

Your eyelashes are the hairs which grow on the edges of your eyelids.

N-COUNT: usu pl

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

eyelash

eye·lash /ˈaɪˌlæʃ/ noun, pl -lash·es [count] : any one of the hairs that grow along the top of the eyelid
• She has beautiful dark eyelashes. [=lashes]
• false eyelashes
- see picture at eye
not bat an eyelash

eyelashes

eyebrow

eyebrow [noun]

The line of hair above an eye

/ˈaɪ.braʊ/

ابرو

مثال:

Arched eyebrows

ابروى كمانى‌

The line of hair above an eye

معادل فارسی:

ابرو

مثال انگلیسی:

Arched eyebrows

ابروى كمانى‌

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

eyebrow

noun
one of the two lines of hair above your eyes

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

eyebrow

eye‧brow /ˈaɪbraʊ/ noun [countable]
1. the line of hair above your eye:
   • thick bushy eyebrows
2. raise your eyebrows to move your eyebrows upwards in order to show surprise or disapproval:
   • ‘Really?’ she said, raising her eyebrows.
   • This decision caused a few raised eyebrows (=surprised some people).
3. be up to your eyebrows in something spoken to have more of something than you can deal with:
   • I’m absolutely up to my eyebrows in work.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

eyebrow

eye·brow [eyebrow eyebrows] [ˈaɪbraʊ] [ˈaɪbraʊ] (also brow) noun usually plural

the line of hair above the eye

more at raise your eyebrows at raise v.

Idiom: up to your eyebrows in something

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

eyebrow

eyebrow /ˈaɪ.braʊ/
noun [C]
the line of short hairs above each eye in humans:
Do you pluck your eyebrows (= remove some of the hairs to change their shape)?
He's got really bushy (= thick) eyebrows.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

eyebrow

/aɪbraʊ/
(eyebrows)

1.
Your eyebrows are the lines of hair which grow above your eyes.
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft poss N

2.
If something causes you to raise an eyebrow or to raise your eyebrows, it causes you to feel surprised or disapproving.
An intriguing item on the news pages caused me to raise an eyebrow over my morning coffee...
PHRASE: V inflects

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

eyebrow

eye·brow /ˈaɪˌbraʊ/ noun, pl -brows [count] : the line of hair that grows over your eye - see picture at face
✦To raise an/your eyebrow is to move your eyebrow up in a way that shows surprise or mild disapproval. To raise eyebrows is to cause other people to react in this way. These phrases are often used figuratively.
• No one raised an eyebrow [=no one expressed surprise] when he announced that he was planning to run for governor.
• His recent public statements have raised (a few) eyebrows. [=people have reacted with surprise and disapproval to his recent public statements]

eyebrow

chin

chin [noun]

The centre of the bottom part of your face, below your mouth and above your neck

/tʃɪn/

چانه

مثال:

He has a protruding chin.

او چانه‌ى برآمده‌اى دارد.

The centre of the bottom part of your face, below your mouth and above your neck

معادل فارسی:

چانه

مثال انگلیسی:

He has a protruding chin.

او چانه‌ى برآمده‌اى دارد.

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

chin

noun
the part of your face below your mouth

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

chin

chin /tʃɪn/ noun [countable]
[Language: Old English; Origin: cinn]
1. the front part of your face below your mouth:
   • He rubbed his chin thoughtfully.
2. (keep your) chin up! spoken used to tell someone to make an effort to stay brave and confident when they are in a difficult situation:
   • Chin up! It’ll be over soon.
3. take something on the chin to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation without complaining – used to show approval:
   • One of our great strengths is our ability to take it on the chin and come out fighting.
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS■ adjectives

   ▪ a double chin (=loose skin under your chin that looks like a second chin) • Frank was much fatter now and he had a double chin.
   ▪ a pointed chin • She had a narrow face and a pointed chin.
   ▪ a weak chin (=small in proportion to the face, and not square in shape) • He’s grown a beard to cover his weak chin.
   ▪ a determined chin literary (=giving a face a determined appearance) • She had short hair and a determined chin.
   ▪ a square chin • A square chin may be taken as a sign of a stubborn character.
   ▪ a receding chin (=sloping backwards in an unattractive way) • Half the boys in my college seemed to have receding chins.
   ▪ an unshaven chin (=with short hairs on because a man has not shaved) • His combed hair looked oddly neat against his unshaven chin.

■ verbs

▪ stroke/rub your chin (=stroke it in a way that shows you are thinking about something) • He stroked his chin and then seemed to come to a decision.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

chin

chin [chin chins] [tʃɪn] [tʃɪn] noun

the part of the face below the mouth and above the neck

• A strap fastens under the chin to keep the helmet in place.

see also double chin

more at chuck sb under the chin at chuck v.

Idioms: chin up ▪ take something on the chin

Word Origin:

Old English cin, cinn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch kin, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin gena ‘cheek’ and Greek genus ‘jaw’.

Collocations:

Physical appearance

A person may be described as having:

Eyes

(bright) blue/green/(dark/light) brown/hazel eyes

deep-set/sunken/bulging/protruding eyes

small/beady/sparkling/twinkling/(informal) shifty eyes

piercing/penetrating/steely eyes

bloodshot/watery/puffy eyes

bushy/thick/dark/raised/arched eyebrows

long/dark/thick/curly/false eyelashes/lashes

Face

a flat/bulbous/pointed/sharp/snub nose

a straight/a hooked/a Roman/(formal) an aquiline nose

full/thick/thin/pouty lips

dry/chapped/cracked lips

flushed/rosy/red/ruddy/pale cheeks

soft/chubby/sunken cheeks

white/perfect/crooked/protruding teeth

a large/high/broad/wide/sloping forehead

a strong/weak/pointed/double chin

a long/full/bushy/wispy/goatee beard

a long/thin/bushy/droopy/handlebar/pencil moustache/ (especially US) mustache

Hair and skin

pale/fair/olive/dark/tanned skin

dry/oily/smooth/rough/leathery/wrinkled skin

a dark/pale/light/sallow/ruddy/olive/swarthy/clear complexion

deep/fine/little/facial wrinkles

blonde/blond/fair/(light/dark) brown/(jet-)black/auburn/red/(BrE) ginger/grey hair

straight/curly/wavy/frizzy/spiky hair

thick/thin/fine/bushy/thinning hair

dyed/bleached/soft/silky/dry/greasy/shiny hair

long/short/shoulder-length/cropped hair

a bald/balding/shaved head

a receding hairline

a bald patch/spot

a side/centre/(US) center (BrE) parting/ (NAmE) part

Body

a long/short/thick/slender/(disapproving) scrawny neck

broad/narrow/sloping/rounded/hunched shoulders

a bare/broad/muscular/small/large chest

a flat/swollen/bulging stomach

a small/tiny/narrow/slim/slender/28-inch waist

big/wide/narrow/slim hips

a straight/bent/arched/broad/hairy back

thin/slender/muscular arms

big/large/small/manicured/calloused/gloved hands

long/short/fat/slender/delicate/bony fingers

long/muscular/hairy/shapely/(both informal, often disapproving) skinny/spindly legs

muscular/chubby/(informal, disapproving) flabby thighs

big/little/small/dainty/wide/narrow/bare feet

a good/a slim/a slender/an hourglass figure

be of slim/medium/average/large/athletic/stocky build

Example Bank:

• He cupped her chin with his hand.

• He had bits of food on his chin.

• He put his hand under her chin and lifted her face to his.

• He stroked his chin thoughtfully.

• Her chin was resting on his shoulder.

• His chin quivered and a tear ran down his cheek.

• His chin rose in a proud gesture.

• Maria jutted her chin defiantly.

• She caught him with a hard blow on the chin.

• She sat resting her chin on her hands.

• She sat with her elbows on the table, resting her chin on her cupped hands.

• She tilted her chin at him defiantly.

• Slowly lower the bar to around chin level.

• The juice dribbled down his chin.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

chin

chin /tʃɪn/
noun [C]
the part of a person's face below their mouth:
To keep the helmet in position, fasten the strap beneath the chin.
She sat behind the table, her chin resting in her hands.

-chinned/-tʃɪnd/
suffix
having a particular type of chin:
square-chinned

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

chin

/tʃɪn/
(chins)

Your chin is the part of your face that is below your mouth and above your neck.
...a double chin...
He rubbed the gray stubble on his chin.

N-COUNT

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

chin

chin /ˈʧɪn/ noun, pl chins [count] : the part of the face below the mouth and above the neck - see picture at face; see also double chin
keep your chin up : to stay cheerful and hopeful during difficult times
• He's still keeping his chin up despite all his health problems.
• (Keep your) chin up! Everything will work out for the best.
take it on the chin informal
1 US : to be badly damaged or affected by something : to be hit hard by something
• Many investors took it on the chin yesterday as the stock market dropped sharply.
2 Brit : to accept something difficult or unpleasant without complaining
• The criticism was harsh but he took it on the chin and didn't try to blame anyone else.

year

year [noun]

a period of twelve months, especially from 1 January to 31 December

/jɪr/

/jɪər/

سال

مثال:

last year

پارسال

a period of 365 days, or 366 in a leap year , divided into 12 months

معادل فارسی:

سال، سنه

مثال انگلیسی:

five years from now

پنج‌ سال‌ ديگر

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

specific periods of time

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

year

noun

1 a period of 365 or 366 days from 1 January to 31 December. A year has twelve months and 52 weeks:
Where are you going on holiday this year?
'What year were you born?' '1973.'
I left school last year.

2 any period of twelve months:
I've known Chris for three years.
My son is five years old.
I have a five-year-old son.
I've got a two-year-old.

grammar
Be careful! You can say She's ten or She's ten years old (BUT NOT 'She's ten years').

3 (British) the level that a student is at in school or university:
I'm in year nine.
They're third-year students.

all year round for the whole year:
The swimming pool is open all year round.
Look also at leap year and new year.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

year

year S1 W1 /jɪə, jɜː $ jɪr/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Word Family: noun: ↑year; adverb: ↑yearly; adjective: ↑yearly]
[Language: Old English; Origin: gear]
1. 12 MONTHS a period of about 365 days or 12 months, measured from any particular time:
I arrived here two years ago.
We’ve known each other for over a year.
It’s almost a year since Sue died.
Jodi is 15 years old.
a three-year business plan
a four-year-old child
be 12/21 etc years of age (=be 12/21 etc years old) ⇨ ↑financial year, ↑fiscal year, ↑light year, ↑tax year
2. JANUARY TO DECEMBER (also calendar year) a period of 365 or 366 days divided into 12 months beginning on January 1st and ending on December 31st:
the year that Kennedy died
in the year 1785
this/last/next year
They moved here at the beginning of this year.
last year’s cup final
She goes there every year.
The museum attracts 100,000 visitors a year.
in the early years of last century ⇨ ↑leap year, ↑New Year
3. years
a) informal a very long period of time SYN ages:
It’s years since I rode a bike.
in/for years
I haven’t been there for years.
It was the first time in years I’d seen her.
b) age, especially old age
a man/woman/person etc of his/her etc years
Gordon is very active for a man of his years.
getting on in years (=no longer young)
4. all (the) year round during the whole year:
It’s warm enough to swim all year round. ⇨ ↑year-round
5. year by year as each year passes:
Business has steadily increased year by year.
6. year after year/year in, year out every year for many years:
Many birds return to the same spot year after year.
7. PERIOD OF LIFE/HISTORY years [plural] a particular period of time in someone’s life or in history:
the difficult years following the war
Sheila enjoyed her years as a student in Oxford.
8. the school/academic year the time within a period of 12 months when students are studying at a school or university
9. SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY LEVEL especially British English a particular level that a student stays at for one year:
a group of year seven students
in a year
He was in my year at school.
10. first/second etc year British English someone who is in their first etc year at school or university:
The department offers a study skills programme for all first years.
11. musician/player/car etc of the year the musician etc who was voted the best in a particular year
vote/name something ... of the year
The new Renault was voted car of the year.
12. year on year compared with the previous year:
Sales rose by 39 per cent year on year.
13. never/not in a million years spoken used to say that something is extremely unlikely:
Never in a million years did I think we’d lose.
14. the year dot British English informal a very long time ago:
Scientists have been involved in war since the year dot.
15. put years on somebody/take years off somebody to make someone look or feel older or younger:
Tina’s divorce has put years on her.
⇨ donkey’s years at ↑donkey(2)

COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ adjectives
▪ this year She will be eight this year.
▪ next year I might go to law school next year.
▪ last year Last year we spent a lot on the house.
▪ every year They go back to the same resort every year.
▪ the current year The budget for the current year was £13 million.
▪ the coming year (=the year that is about to start) Here are some events to look out for in the coming year.
▪ the past year Over the past year everyone has worked extremely hard.
▪ the previous year They had married the previous year.
▪ the following year The following year he was made captain of the team.
▪ the new year (=used to talk about the beginning of the next year) The report is due at the beginning of the new year.
■ phrases
▪ the beginning/start of the year They moved here at the beginning of last year.
▪ the end of the year Work should finish around the end of the year.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 7)
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + years
▪ early years Little is known about his early years. | He remembers the early years of television.
▪ the last/latter/closing years of something He changed his opinion during the last years of his life.
▪ somebody's childhood/teenage years the home in which she spent her childhood years
▪ the war years She worked for the BBC during the war years.
▪ the boom years (=when an economy or industry is very successful) In the boom years, things weren't too bad.
▪ somebody's retirement years He enjoyed his retirement years in Wales.
▪ the Bush/Blair etc years (=when Bush, Blair etc was leader) The rich did very nicely during the Thatcher years.
■ phrases
▪ in recent years The number of cases has risen dramatically in recent years.
▪ in later years In later years he regretted their argument.
▪ in years gone by (=in the past) The old fort defended the island in years gone by.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'in ancient years' or 'in the ancient years'. Say in ancient times or long ago.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

year

year [year years] [jɪə(r)] [jɜː(r)] [jɪr] noun (abbr. yr)
1. (also ˌcalendar ˈyear) countable the period from 1 January to 31 December, that is 365 or 366 days, divided into 12 months
• in the year 1865
• I lost my job earlier this year.
• Elections take place every year.
• The museum is open all (the) year round (= during the whole year).

see also leap year, new year

2. countable a period of 12 months, measured from any particular time
• It's exactly a year since I started working here.
• She gave up teaching three years ago.
• in the first year of their marriage
• the pre-war/war/post-war years (= the period before/during/after the war)
• I have happy memories of my years in Poland (= the time I spent there).

see also gap year, light year, off year

3. countable a period of 12 months connected with a particular activity
• the academic/school year
• the tax year

see also financial year

4. countable (especially BrE) (at a school, etc.) a level that you stay in for one year; a student at a particular level
• We started German in year seven.
• a year-seven pupil
• The first years do French.

• She was in my year at school.

5. countable, usually plural age; time of life
• He was 14 years old when it happened.
• She looks young for her years.
• They were both only 20 years of age.
• a twenty-year-old man
• He died in his sixtieth year.

• She's getting on in years (= is no longer young).

6. years plural (informal) a long time
• It's years since we last met.
• They haven't seen each other for years.
• That's the best movie I've seen in years.
• We've had a lot of fun over the years.
more at of advanced years at advanced, sb's declining years at decline v., donkey's years at donkey, the seven year itch at seven, the turn of the century/year at turn n.
Idioms: man/woman/car of the year ▪ not in a hundred years ▪ put years on somebody ▪ take years off somebody ▪ year after year ▪ year by year ▪ year dot ▪ year in, year out ▪ year of grace ▪ year of our Lord ▪ year on year
See also: calendar year ▪ year one
Word Origin:
Old English gē(a)r, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch jaar and German Jahr, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek hōra ‘season’.
Culture:
the calendar
Britain and the US follow the Gregorian calendar, which replaced the Roman Julian calendar in 1752. The year is divided into 12 months, with 30 or 31 days in each month, except February, which has 28 days. An extra day is added to February every fourth year, called a leap year, to keep the calendar in time with the moon. A well-known verse helps people remember how many days there are in each month: Thirty days hath September, April, June and November. All the rest have thirty-one, Excepting February alone, Which hath twenty-eight days clear, and twenty-nine in each leap year.
The calendar year starts on 1 January, New Year's Day. The number of each year (2003, 2004, et c. ) represents the number of years that have passed since the birth of Jesus Christ. The year 2000 marked the end of the second millennium (= a period of 1 000 years) since Christ was born. The years before Christ are described as BC (= before Christ), e.g. 55 BC, or BCE (= before the Common Era). The abbreviations AD (Latin Anno Domini, meaning ‘in the year of the Lord’) or CE (= Common Era) are put before or after the date for the years after Christ’s birth, e.g. AD 44 or 44 AD, but they are not used with years after about 200 AD. Some cultural and religious groups use different calendars: the year 2000 in the Gregorian calendar began during the year 5760 in the Jewish calendar, 1420 in the Islamic calendar and 1921 in the Hindu calendar.
The academic year used by schools and colleges in Britain runs from September to July, with short holidays at Christmas and in the spring and a long summer vacation. In the US the academic year runs from August or September to May or June. Many business companies have a financial year (= a period of accounting) that runs from April to the following March. The tax year in the US is the same as the calendar year but the tax year in Britain begins on 5 April. The reason is that in medieval times the calendar year began on 25 March, not 1 January. When the Gregorian Calendar was introduced, an adjustment was needed and 11 days were removed from September 1752. To avoid being accused of collecting a full year’s taxes in a short year, the government extended the end of the tax year 1752–3 to 4 April.
Many festivals are celebrated during the year. Christmas and Easter are the main Christian festivals. Jews remember Passover and Yom Kippur. Ramadan, a month of fasting, and Eid ul-Fitr are celebrated by Muslims. Diwali, the Hindu festival of light, takes place in October or November, and the Chinese celebrate their new year in January or February. Special occasions such as Bonfire Night in Britain and Thanksgiving in the US are enjoyed by almost everyone.
Example Bank:
• Britain was invaded in the year 1066.
• Careful make-up and styling can take years off you.
• He soon realized that a lot had changed in the intervening years.
• He spent his sabbatical year doing research in Moscow.
• He spent last year trying to get a new job.
• He was on a gap year before going to university.
• His early years were spent in San Francisco.
• His wife's death has put years on him.
• I hope to retire in a year/in a year's time.
• I paint the house every single year.
• I visited Morocco 20-odd years ago.
• I've been waiting for this moment all year long.
• In his later years, he drifted away from politics.
• In the past few years, she has become one of our top-selling authors.
• It happened during the Clinton years.
• It took him ten years to qualify as a vet.
• It's the first time we've met in years.
• It's usually much colder at this time of year.
• Next month, they celebrate fifty years of marriage.
• Over 10 000 people per year are injured in this type of accident.
• Over the past few years, we've made significant changes.
• She died the following year.
• She was born in Spain but spent her formative years in Italy.
• She won the race for the third successive year.
• She's only ten years old.
• That was in the year of the great flood.
• That year saw the explosion of the Internet.
• The academic year runs from October to June.
• The book represents three years of hard work.
• The chart shows our performance over the past year.
• The children spent the war years abroad.
• The city tour runs all the year round.
• The death rate in any given year.
• The event has not proved popular in past years.
• The global economy means that all types of fruit and vegetables are available throughout the year.
• The last year went by in flash.
• The new range puts us light years ahead of the competition.
• The reforms will be fully implemented by the year 2007.
• The team has suffered a loss of form since the turn of the year.
• They had met once the previous year.
• They're still friends after all these years.
• This year marks the 10th anniversary of her death.
• We aim to do even better in future years.
• We have high hopes for the coming year.
• We lived there for ten years.
• We worked for five long years on this project.
• We're going skiing early in the new year.
• We've been friends for over twenty years.
• a peak year for exports
• children of tender years
• during the next academic year
• final-year university students
• in the next tax year
• profit for the current year to 31 December
• the boom years from 1993 to 2000
• the early years of the 21st century
• the golden years of motoring
• First and second years usually live in college.
• The language students go abroad in their third year.
• The project is the work of a group of year-seven pupils.
• We didn't start Latin until year nine.

• Year seven is the first year of secondary school.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

year / jɪə r / / jɪr / noun

A1 [ C ] a period of twelve months, especially from 1 January to 31 December :

Annette worked in Italy for two years.

1988 was one of the worst years of my life.

We went to Egypt on holiday last year.

At this time of year the beaches are almost deserted.

This species keeps its leaves all (the) year ( round ) (= through the year) .

[ C ] a period of twelve months relating to a particular activity:

The financial/tax year begins in April.

A2 [ C ] the part of the year, in a school or university, during which courses are taught:

the academic/school year

She's now in her final/first/second year at Manchester University.

[ C , + sing/pl verb ] UK a group of students who start school, college, university, or a course together:

Kathy was in the year above me at college.

Word partners for year

each / every / last / next year • the past year • [3/20] years old • [2/5] years ago

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

year

[jɪ͟ə(r)]
♦
years
1) N-COUNT A year is a period of twelve months or 365 or 366 days, beginning on the first of January and ending on the thirty-first of December.
  The year was 1840...
  We had an election last year.
  ...the number of people on the planet by the year 2050.
2) N-COUNT A year is any period of twelve months.
  The museums attract more than two and a half million visitors a year...
  She's done quite a bit of work this past year...
  The school has been empty for ten years.
3) N-COUNT: num N adj/prep Year is used to refer to the age of a person. For example, if someone or something is twenty years old or twenty years of age, they have lived or existed for twenty years.
  He's 58 years old...
  I've been in trouble since I was eleven years of age...
  This column is ten years old today.
4) N-COUNT: usu adj/ord N A school year or academic year is the period of time in each twelve months when schools or universities are open and students are studying there. In Britain and the United States, the school year starts in September.
  ...the 1990/91 academic year...
  The twins didn't have to repeat their second year at school.
5) N-COUNT: ord N You can refer to someone who is, for example, in their first year at school or university as a first year. [BRIT]
  The first years and second years got a choice of French, German and Spanish.
6) N-COUNT: with supp A financial or business year is an exact period of twelve months which businesses or institutions use as a basis for organizing their finances.
  He announced big tax increases for the next two financial years...
  The company admits it will make a loss for the year ending September.
7) N-PLURAL (emphasis) You can use years to emphasize that you are referring to a long time.
  I haven't laughed so much in years...
  It took him years to get up the courage...
  People hold onto letters for years and years.
  Syn:
  ages
8) N-PLURAL: poss N, usu N prep You can refer to the time you spend in a place or doing an activity as your years there or your years of doing that activity.
  The joy turned to tragedy during his years in Cyprus.
  ...his years as Director of the Manchester City Art Gallery.
9) → See also calendar year, fiscal year
10) PHRASE: PHR after v If something happens year after year, it happens regularly every year.
  Regulars return year after year...
  You keep on amazing me, year after year, the same old ways.
11) PHRASE: PHR after v If something changes year by year, it changes gradually each year.
  This problem has increased year by year...
  The department has been shrinking year by year because of budget cuts.
12) PHRASE: PHR with cl If something happens year in, year out, it happens every year without changing and is often boring.
  Year in, year out, nothing changes...
  With stockbroking it was the same thing, year in year out.
13) PHRASE You can say a man of his years or a woman of her years to refer to that person's age in relation to something else you are talking about.
  He was moving with surprising speed for a man of his years...
  A young man of his years needed to have a separate room.
14) PHRASE: V inflects If you say that something such as an experience or a way of dressing has put years on someone, you mean that it has made them look or feel much older. [INFORMAL]
  I always turn adversity and defeat into victories, but it's probably put ten years on me.
15) PHRASE: PHR after v, PHR with cl If you say something happens all year round or all the year round, it happens continually throughout the year.
  Town gardens are ideal because they produce flowers nearly all year round...
  Drinking and driving is a problem all the year round.
16) PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n If you say that something such as an experience or a way of dressing has taken years off someone, you mean that it has made them look or feel much younger. [INFORMAL]
  Changing your hairstyle can take ten years off you.
17) donkey's years → see donkey

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

year

year /ˈjiɚ/ noun, pl years [count]
1 : a unit of time that is equal to 12 months or 365 or sometimes 366 days
• I haven't seen her in a year.
• He quit smoking six years ago.
• The job pays $45,000 a/per year.
• She renews her lease every year.
• We see them once or twice a year.
• It feels like we've been standing in line for a year.
• That team hasn't won in years.
• It's been years since I've been on an airplane.
• The camp has changed a lot over the years. [=during several/some/many years]
• The tree grows taller year by year. = The tree grows taller each year. = The tree grows taller as the years go by.
• The park is open all year round. = The park is open the entire year.
- see also calendar year, donkey's years, fiscal year, gap year, leap year
2 : the regular period of 12 months that begins in January and ends in December
• The work should be done by the end of the year.
• She was born in the year 1967.
• The volcano erupted in the year 44 B.C.
• In what year was the car made?
• They got married last year. [=during the year before this one]
• He will retire next year. [=during the year after this one]
• the movie/teacher/rookie of the year [=the best movie/teacher/rookie in a specific year]
3
- used to refer to the age of a person
• She is 14 years old.
• the teenage years [=the ages 13 through 19]
• a six-year-old boy
• He is getting on in years. [=he is getting old]
• She looks young/old for her years. [=she looks younger/older than she is]
4 : a period of time when a particular event, process, activity, etc., happens or is done
• The school year runs from September to June. [=the school operates from September to June]
• The fiscal year begins in October and ends in September.
• This will be a great year [=harvest season] for peaches.
• The pitcher is having his best year [=season] ever.
• She took geometry (during) her sophomore year.
• first- and second-year students
glory years
- see ¹glory
in the year of our Lord formal
- used before a year to say that it is after the birth of Jesus Christ
• The couple married on this day in the year of our Lord 2005.
never/not in a thousand/million/billion years informal
- used as a strong way of saying that something is extremely unlikely or impossible
• Never in a million years did I think she would quit her job. [=I never thought that she would quit her job]
• He will never change his mind. Not in a million years.
put years on : to cause (someone) to look or feel older
• That job has really put some years on him.
since (the) year one US or Brit since the year dot informal : for a very long time : since a time in the distant past
• That monument has been there since the year one.
take years off : to cause someone to look or feel younger
• Not only has the diet improved how she feels, but it's also taken years off (her appearance).
vintage year
- see ¹vintage

specific periods of time

year

sugar and sugar substitutes

innovation

innovation [noun]

a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc

/ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

نوآورى، تازه‌ انديشى‌

مثال:

His innovations surprised everyone.

نوآوریهاى او همه‌ را متعجب‌ كرد.‏

a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc

معادل فارسی:

نوآورى، تازه‌ انديشى‌

مثال انگلیسی:

His innovations surprised everyone.

نوآوریهاى او همه‌ را متعجب‌ كرد.‏

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

innovation

in‧no‧va‧tion W3 AC /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ noun
[Word Family: adjective: innovative, innovatory; verb: innovate; noun: innovation]
1. [countable] a new idea, method, or invention
  innovation in
   • recent innovations in English teaching
2. [uncountable] the introduction of new ideas or methods:
   • We must encourage innovation if the company is to remain competitive.
  innovation in
   • We need to encourage innovation in industry.
   • Many people feel bewildered by the speed of technological innovation.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

innovation

in·nov·ation AW [innovation innovations] [ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn] [ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn] noun

1. uncountable ~ (in sth) the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing sth

• an age of technological innovation

• The company is very interested in product design and innovation.

2. countable ~ (in sth) a new idea, way of doing sth, etc. that has been introduced or discovered

• recent innovations in steel-making technology

Word Origin:

late Middle English: from Latin innovatio(n-), from the verb innovare, from in- ‘into’ + novare ‘make new’ (from novus ‘new’).

Example Bank:

• Many innovations were introduced by the 1919 Act.

• Mathematical astronomy was the great innovation by the Greeks of the 5th century BC.

• She believed she had come up with one of the greatest innovations of modern times.

• Technical innovation may occur directly in the factory.

• Too strict a regulatory system will stifle innovation.

• industries where constant product innovation is a criterion for survival

• innovation in engineering

• innovations in machinery and instruments

• technological innovations designed to save energy

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

innovation / ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃ ə n / noun [ C or U ]

C1 (the use of) a new idea or method:

the latest innovations in computer technology

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

innovation

/ɪnəveɪʃ(ə)n/
(innovations)

1.
An innovation is a new thing or a new method of doing something.
The vegetarian burger was an innovation which was rapidly exported to Britain.
N-COUNT

2.
Innovation is the introduction of new ideas, methods, or things.
We must promote originality and encourage innovation.
N-UNCOUNT

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

innovation

in·no·va·tion /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ noun, pl -tions
1 [count] : a new idea, device, or method
• She is responsible for many innovations in her field.
• the latest innovation in computer technology
2 [noncount] : the act or process of introducing new ideas, devices, or methods
• Through technology and innovation, they found ways to get better results with less work.
• the rapid pace of technological innovation

sugar

sugar [noun]

a sweet substance consisting of very small white or brown pieces that is added to food or drinks to make them taste sweet

/ˈʃʊɡ.ɚ/

/ˈʃʊɡ.ər/

شکر

مثال:

Do you take sugar in your coffee?

آیا تو قهوه تان شکر می ریزید؟

a sweet substance consisting of very small white or brown pieces that is added to food or drinks to make them taste sweet

معادل فارسی:

شکر

مثال انگلیسی:

Do you take sugar in your coffee?

آیا تو قهوه تان شکر می ریزید؟

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

sugar

noun

1 (no plural) a sweet substance that comes from certain plants:
Do you take sugar in your coffee?

2 (plural sugars) the amount of sugar that a small spoon can hold:
Two sugars, please.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

sugar

I. noun

I. sug‧ar1 S2 W3 /ˈʃʊɡə $ -ər/ noun
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: çucre, from Medieval Latin zuccarum, from Arabic sukkar, from Persian shakar, from Sanskrit sarkara]
1. [uncountable] a sweet white or brown substance that is obtained from plants and used to make food and drinks sweet:
   • Do you take sugar in your coffee?
2. [countable] British English the amount of sugar that a small spoon can hold:
   • How many sugars do you want in your tea?
3. [countable] technical one of several sweet substances formed in plants
4. spoken used to address someone you like very much
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS■ phrases

▪ a teaspoon/spoonful of sugar • The drink contains seven teaspoons of sugar per can.
▪ a lump of sugar (also a sugar lump) (=a small block of sugar) • He put three lumps of sugar in his coffee.

■ verbs

   ▪ take sugar (=have sugar in your tea or coffee) • ‘Do you take sugar?’ ‘No, thank you.’
   ▪ sprinkle something with sugar • Sprinkle the cake with sugar.
   ▪ sugar dissolves (=becomes part of a liquid) • Stir until the sugar has dissolved.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

sugar

sugar [sugar sugars sugared sugaring] noun, verb, exclamation [ˈʃʊɡə(r)] [ˈʃʊɡər]

noun

1. uncountable a sweet substance, often in the form of white or brown crystals, made from the juices of various plants, used in cooking or to make tea, coffee, etc. sweeter

• a sugar plantation/refinery/bowl

• This juice contains no added sugar.

• Do you take sugar (= have it in your tea, coffee, etc.)?

see also brown sugar, cane sugar, caster sugar, granulated sugar, icing sugar

2. countable the amount of sugar that a small spoon can hold or that is contained in a small cube, added to tea, coffee, etc

• How many sugars do you take in coffee?

3. countable, usually plural (technical) any of various sweet substances that are found naturally in plants, fruit, etc

• fruit sugars

• a person's blood sugar level (= the amount of glucose in their blood)

4. uncountable (informal, especially NAmE) a way of addressing sb that you like or love

• See you later, sugar.

Word Origin:

Middle English: from Old French sukere, from Italian zucchero, probably via medieval Latin from Arabic sukkar.

Example Bank:

• Add 1 cup of white sugar and boil until dissolved.

• Add one cup of soft brown sugar.

• Bring to a boil to dissolve the sugar.

• Do you take sugar in your tea?

• Fructose is a fruit sugar.

• Fruit juices contain natural sugars.

• He stirred another spoonful of sugar into his tea.

• Most junk food is high in sugar.

• a high sugar intake

• apple juice with no added sugar

• simple sugars, such as glucose

• to raise blood sugar levels

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

sugar

sugar /ˈʃʊg.əʳ/ US /-ɚ/
noun
1 [C or U] a sweet substance which is obtained especially from the plants sugar cane and sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drinks:
I don't take sugar in my coffee, thanks.
How many sugars (= spoonfuls or lumps of sugar) do you take in your tea?

2 [C] SPECIALIZED A sugar is any of several types of simple carbohydrate that dissolves in water:
Glucose and lactose are sugars.

3 [as form of address] MAINLY US an affectionate way of addressing someone that you know:
Hi, sugar, did you have a good day at school?

sugar /ˈʃʊg.əʳ/ US /-ɚ/
exclamation
POLITE WORD FOR shit, used when something annoying happens:
Oh sugar, I've just spilt coffee all down my jacket!

sugar /ˈʃʊg.əʳ/ US /-ɚ/
verb [T]
to put sugar in something:
Oh, I forgot to sugar your coffee.

sugary /ˈʃʊg.ər.i/ US /-ɚ-/
adjective
1 containing sugar:
all those sugary snacks that kids eat

2 DISAPPROVING too good or kind or expressing feelings of love in a way that is not sincere:
It's that sugary smile of his that I can't bear - it makes me want to puke!

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

sugar

/ʃʊgə(r)/
(sugars, sugaring, sugared)

Frequency: The word is one of the 3000 most common words in English.

1.
Sugar is a sweet substance that is used to make food and drinks sweet. It is usually in the form of small white or brown crystals.
...bags of sugar...
Ice cream is high in fat and sugar.
N-UNCOUNT
see also caster sugar, confectioners’ sugar, demerara sugar, granulated sugar, icing sugar

2.
If someone has one sugar in their tea or coffee, they have one small spoon of sugar or one sugar lump in it.
How many sugars do you take?
...a mug of tea with two sugars.
N-COUNT

3.
If you sugar food or drink, you add sugar to it.
He sat down and sugared and stirred his coffee.
VERB: V n

4.
Sugars are substances that occur naturally in food. When you eat them, the body converts them into energy.
Plants produce sugars and starch to provide themselves with energy.
N-COUNT: usu pl

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹sug·ar /ˈʃʊgɚ/ noun, pl -ars
1 a [noncount] : a sweet substance usually in the form of white or brown crystals or white powder that comes from plants and is used to make foods sweeter
• Would you pass the sugar, please?
• Do you take sugar in your coffee?
• a lump/cube/packet of sugar
- see also brown sugar, cane sugar, confectioners' sugar, maple sugar, powdered sugar
b [count] : the amount of sugar in one spoonful, lump, packet, etc.
• Coffee with two sugars and milk, please.
2 [count] technical : any one of various substances that are found in plants and that your body uses or stores for energy - usually plural
• Everyone's body metabolizes sugars differently.
• Simple sugars are easier to digest than complex sugars.
3 [noncount] informal : the amount of sugar present in a person's blood at a particular time
• Her sugar (level) is very high.
- called also blood sugar,
4 chiefly US informal
- used to address someone you like or love
• “Hey, sugar [=honey], how are you doing?”

sugar and sugar substitutes

sugar