British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

verb (makes, making, made /, has made)

1 to produce or create something:
They make cars in that factory.
He made a box out of some pieces of wood.
This shirt is made of cotton.

2 to cause something to be or to happen; to produce something:
The plane made a loud noise when it landed.
Chocolate makes you fat.
That film made me cry.
I made a mistake.

3 to force somebody to do something:
My father made me stay at home.

4 to choose somebody to do a job:
They made him President.

5 a word that you use with money, numbers and time:
She makes (= earns) a lot of money.
Five and seven make twelve.
'What's the time?' 'I make it six o'clock.'

6 to be able to go somewhere:
I'm afraid I can't make the meeting on Friday.

make do with something to use something that is not very good, because there is nothing better:
We didn't have a table, but we made do with some boxes.

make something into something to change something so that it becomes a different thing:
They made the bedroom into an office.

make something or somebody out to be able to see, hear or understand something or somebody:
It was dark and I couldn't make out the words on the sign.

make something up to tell somebody something that is not true same meaning invent:
Nobody believes that story – he made it up!

make up to become friends again after an argument:
Jane and Tom had an argument last week, but they've made up now.
Has she made up with him yet?
opposite fall out with somebody

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

make

I. verb

I. make1 S1 W1 /meɪk/ verb (past tense and past participle made /meɪd/)
[Word Family: noun: make, remake, maker, making; verb: make, remake; adjective: unmade]
[Language: Old English; Origin: macian]
1. PRODUCE [transitive] to produce something, for example by putting the different parts of it together:
   • I’m going to show you how to make a box for your tools.
   • A family of mice had made their nest in the roof.
   • She made her own wedding dress.
   • The company has been making quality furniture for over 200 years.
   • They met while they were making a film.
   • Make a list of all the things you need.
  make somebody something
   • He made her a toy horse, using just some straw and bamboo twigs.
  be made from something
   • Paper is made from wood.
  be made (out) of something
   • a shirt made of silk
  make something from/out of something
   • She’s very good at making things from old scraps of material.
  Japanese-made/English-made etc (=produced in Japan etc) ⇨ make the bed at bed1(1)
  GRAMMAR
   Use made from especially when the materials used to make something have been completely changed and cannot be recognized:
   ▪ • a wine made from Chilean grapes
   Use made of when the materials have not been completely changed and can still be recognized:
   ▪ • The wheels were made of wood.

    ► Do not use 'made by' when talking about the materials used to make something.
2. DO [transitive] used with some nouns to say that someone does something:
   • Anyone can make a mistake.
   • I can’t make a decision just yet.
   • I need to make a quick phone call.
   • You could have made more effort to talk to him.
   • He made no attempt to apologize.
   • Could I make a suggestion?
   • There are a few points I’d like to make.
   • The police were called but no arrests were made.
   • I suppose we should make a start on cleaning this room.
   • Stop making such a fuss!
3. COOK [transitive] to cook or prepare food or drink:
   • When was the last time you made a cake?
   • John was making breakfast in the kitchen.
   • Who’s going to make the tea?
  make somebody something
   • I’ll make you some sandwiches.
4. CAUSE [transitive] to cause something to happen, or cause a particular state or condition:
   • Its beautiful beaches make this a highly popular area with tourists.
   • It was this movie which made him a star.
   • His attitude made him very unpopular with colleagues.
   • The photo makes her look much older than she really is.
  make somebody/something do something
   • I like him because he makes me laugh.
  make something difficult/easy/possible etc
   • The use of computers has made it possible for more people to work from home.
  make something the best/worst/most expensive etc
   • Over 80,000 people attended, making it the biggest sporting event in the area.
   • The President has made it clear that he is not going to change his mind.
  REGISTER
   In written English, people often use cause somebody to do something rather than make somebody do something, as it sounds more formal:
   ▪ • His attitude caused him to be unpopular with colleagues.
5. FORCE [transitive] to force someone to do something
  make somebody do something
   • My parents always make me do my homework before I go out.
  be made to do something
   • I was made to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor.
6. MARK/HOLE ETC [transitive] to cause a mark, hole etc to appear
  make a hole/dent/mark etc
   • Make a hole in the paper.
   • The cup has made a mark on the table.
7. make it
   a) to succeed in getting somewhere in time for something or when this is difficult:
   • If we run, we should make it.
  make it to
   • With blood pouring from his leg, he made it to a nearby house.
   b) to be successful at something, for example in your job:
   • He came to the US and not only made it but made it big (=was extremely successful).
   • So far, relatively few women have made it to the top in the business world.
  make it as
   • He was told he had no talent and would never make it as a professional singer.
  make it to
   • England look less likely to make it to the finals.
  make it to manager/director etc
   • How did anyone so stupid make it to manager?
   c) spoken to be able to go to an event, meeting etc that has been arranged:
   • I’m really sorry, but I won’t be able to make it on Sunday after all.
   • Nice to see you. I’m glad you could make it.
   d) informal to continue to live after you have been seriously ill or badly injured:
   • Frank was very ill, and the doctors didn’t think he’d make it.
   e) to manage to deal with a difficult experience
  make it through
   • I couldn’t have made it through those times without the support of my boyfriend.
   f) used to say or ask what time it is according to your own or someone else’s watch:
   • What time do you make it?
   • I make it ten past three.
8. make the meeting/the party/Tuesday etc spoken to be able to go to something that has been arranged for a particular date or time:
   • I’m sorry, I can’t make Friday after all.
   • Will you be able to make the next meeting?
9. ACHIEVE SOMETHING [transitive] to succeed in achieving a particular position, rate etc:
   • He was never good enough to make the team.
   • I don’t think we’ll make the deadline.
10. GET MONEY [transitive] to earn or get money:
   • The plan could cost you more than you would make.
   • They made a profit of £140 million.
   • His one aim in life was to make money.
   • She hopes to make a living (=earn the money she needs to live) from writing children’s books.
   • He’s made a fortune (=earned a lot of money) selling computers on the Internet.
  make something out of something
   • How easy is it to make money out of gardening?
11. HAVE A QUALITY [linking verb] to have the qualities that are necessary for a particular job, use, or purpose
  make noun
   • I’m sure you will make a very good teacher.
   • The hall would make an ideal venue for a wedding reception.
   • An old cardboard box makes a comfortable bed for a kitten.
12. make it/that something spoken used to correct what you have just said:
   • Can we have two cups of coffee, please? No, make that three.
13. make do to manage with the things that you have, even though this is not really enough:
   • I hardly had any food in the house so I just had to make do.
  make do with/without
   • I usually make do with a cup of coffee for breakfast.
   • For many people, make do and mend (=when someone manages with the things they have and does not buy anything new) was a harsh reality.
14. make yourself heard/understood/known etc to succeed in getting someone to hear you, understand you, or know that you are there:
   • I had to shout to make myself heard above the music.
15. BE A TOTAL [linking verb] to be a particular amount when added together:
   • Two and two make four.
   • There are nine people coming, plus me, which makes ten.
16. CALCULATE [transitive] used to say what you have calculated a number to be:
   • I make that $150 altogether.
17. SPORTS SCORE [transitive] to achieve a particular score in a sports game:
   • Surrey had made 92 by lunchtime.
18. make somebody captain/leader etc to give someone a new job or position in a group, organization etc:
   • She’s now been made a full partner.
   • He was made mayor in 1998.
19. make believe to pretend or imagine that something is true when it is not:
   • I tried to make believe she was happy, but knew deep down it wasn’t true. ⇨ make-believe
20. make like informal to behave as if something is true when it is not:
   • He makes like he never met me before.
21. make as if to do something literary to seem as if you are going to do something but then not do it:
   • She made as if to speak but then stopped.
22. ARRIVE [transitive] old-fashioned to arrive at or get to a particular place, especially when it is difficult:
   • I don’t think we’re going to make the town before nightfall.
23. make the papers/headlines/front page etc to be interesting or important enough to be printed in a newspaper, reported on television etc:
   • News of their divorce made the headlines.
24. make or break to cause something or someone either to be very successful or to fail completely:
   • Critics can make or break a young performer. ⇨ make-or-break
25. that makes two of us spoken used to say that you agree with someone or that something that is true of them is true of you too:
   • ‘I haven’t a clue what’s going on.’ ‘That makes two of us.’
26. MAKE SOMETHING PERFECT [transitive] informal to make something complete or successful:
   • The hat makes the outfit.
27. make it with somebody old-fashioned informal to have sex with someone
⇨ made, ⇨ make sb’s day at day(19), ⇨ make friends at friend(3), ⇨ make good at good1(35), ⇨ make sense at sense1(5)
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ make used about things you make yourself, or things that are made in a factory: • Diane makes all her own clothes. | • My camera was made in China.
   ▪ produce to make something in large quantities to be sold, or to make something as the result of a natural process: • The factory produces high-quality steel. | • Japan produces some of the most advanced mobile phones. | • The pancreas is a gland in your body which produces hormones.
   ▪ create to make something new and original: • Tarantino created a whole new style of films. | • Many companies invest a lot of money in creating new products. | • Potter was famous for creating characters such as ‘Peter Rabbit’. | • This technique is used to create images of beautiful forests.
   ▪ manufacture to make machines, cars, equipment etc in factories: • The company manufactures aircraft parts.
   ▪ mass-produce to make very large quantities of something in a factory: • They developed a way to mass-produce the drug.
   ▪ develop to design and make something new over a period of time: • In 1962, Enders developed an effective vaccine against measles. | • The company is developing new anti-virus software.
   ▪ form to make something as the result of a natural process or chemical reaction: • Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. | • The research will help us understand how planets are formed.
   ▪ generate to make something such as heat, electricity, or power: • Wind can be used to generate electricity.
make away with somebody/something phrasal verb
  1. informal to steal something and take it away with you:
   • Thieves made away with the contents of the safe.
  2. old-fashioned to kill someone
make for something phrasal verb [not in passive]
  1. to go in the direction of a particular place SYN head for:
   • I think it’s time we made for home.
  2. [not in progressive] to cause a particular result or situation:
   • Both teams are on good form, which should make for a great game.
   ⇨ made for each other at made(6)
make somebody/something into something phrasal verb
  1. to change something so that it has a different form or purpose SYN convert:
   • We can make your room into a study.
  2. to change someone’s character, job, position in society etc:
   • The movie made her into a star overnight.
make something of somebody/something phrasal verb
  1. to have a particular opinion about or understanding of something or someone:
   • I didn’t know what to make of her.
   • What do you make of the idea?
  2. to use the opportunities that you have in order to become successful:
   • I want to make something of my life.
  make something of yourself
   • She has the ambition and talent to make something of herself.
  3. make the most of something to get as much advantage as you can from a situation while you are able to:
   • We’ve only got one day in Paris, so we’d better make the most of it.
  4. make too much of something to treat something as if it is more important than it really is:
   • It would be a mistake to make too much of these findings. ⇨ make much of somebody/something at much2(17)
  5. make a day/night/evening of it informal to spend a whole day, night etc doing something, because you have chosen to:
   • We decided to take a picnic and make a day of it.
   ⇨ make a go of something at go2(3), ⇨ make the best of something at best3(9), ⇨ see what somebody is made of at made(4)
make off phrasal verb
   to leave quickly, especially in order to escape:
   • The men made off as the police arrived.
  make off along/across/through etc
   • The getaway car made off towards Horrocks Avenue.
make off with something phrasal verb [not in passive] informal
   to steal something and take it away with you:
   • Thieves broke into the school and made off with computer equipment worth £40,000.
make out phrasal verb
  1. SEE/HEAR make something ↔ out to be just able to see or hear something:
   • He could just make out a dark shape moving towards him.
  make out who/what etc
   • I couldn’t make out what he was saying.
  2. UNDERSTAND SOMETHING make something ↔ out to understand something, especially the reason why something has happened
  make out what/how/why etc
   • I couldn’t make out what I had done to annoy her.
   • As far as I can make out, he has never been married.
  3. UNDERSTAND SOMEBODY make somebody ↔ out [usually in questions and negatives] to understand someone’s character and the way they behave:
   • Stuart’s a strange guy – I can’t make him out at all.
  4. WRITE CHEQUE ETC make something ↔ out to write something such as a bill or cheque:
   • She was making out a list of people to invite.
   • The book gives advice on making out a will.
  make something ↔ out to
   • Make the cheque out to ‘Grays Ltd’.
  5. SAY/PRETEND make somebody/something ↔ out to say that something is true when it is not:
   • The situation was never as bad as the media made out.
  make out (that)
   • She always tried to make out that I was wrong and she was right.
  make somebody/something out to be something
   • He makes me out to be some sort of idiot.
  6. make out a case (for something) to find good reasons that prove something or show why you need something:
   • We made out a case for hiring another assistant.
  7. SUCCEED especially American English to succeed or progress in a particular way SYN get on:
   • How did you make out this morning?
  8. SEX informal especially American English to kiss and touch someone in a sexual way
  9. make out like a bandit American English informal to get or win a lot of money:
   • The lawyers made out like bandits.
make something out of somebody/something phrasal verb
   to change a person or thing into something else:
   • The Olympics can make sporting heroes out of previously little-known athletes.
make something/somebody ↔ over phrasal verb
  1. especially British English to officially and legally give money or property to someone else SYN transfer
  make something/somebody ↔ over to
   • He made over the whole estate to his son.
  2. to change someone or something so that they look different or have a different use:
   • Redgrave has made herself over completely for her movie role.
   ⇨ makeover
make towards something phrasal verb British English formal
   to start moving towards something:
   • She made towards the door.
make up phrasal verb
  1. FORM/BE make up something [not in progressive] to combine together to form something SYN constitute:
   • Women make up only a small proportion of the prison population.
  be made up of something
   • The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
  2. PRETEND SOMETHING IS TRUE make something ↔ up to pretend that something is true in order to deceive someone:
   • I think they’re making the whole thing up. ⇨ made-up(1)
  3. INVENT make something ↔ up to produce a new story, song, game etc by thinking:
   • Nick made up a song about them.
   • When you’re the boss you can make up your own rules.
   • I’ve given talks so many times that now I just make them up as I go along (=think of things to say as I am speaking).
  4. PREPARE make something ↔ up to prepare something by mixing things or putting things together:
   • I could make up a bed for you on the sofa.
   • Can you make up a bottle of milk for the baby?
  5. SB’S FACE make somebody ↔ up to put make-up (=special coloured substances) on someone’s face in order to make them look better or different:
   • They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.
   • One lucky winner will have the chance to be made up and photographed.
   ► Do not use the verb 'make up' when you are talking about putting make-up on your own face. Say that you put on (your) make-up. ⇨ made-up(2)
  6. NUMBER/AMOUNT make something ↔ up especially British English to add to an amount in order to bring it up to the level that is needed:
   • I saved as much as I could, and my parents made up the rest.
   • The company will be forced to pay $6 million to make up the difference.
  7. TIME/WORK make something ↔ up to work at times when you do not usually work, because you have not done as much work as you should:
   • I’m trying to make up the time I lost while I was sick.
   • Is it OK if I make the work up next week?
  8. FRIENDS (also make it up) informal to become friendly with someone again after you have had an argument
  make up with
   • Have you made up with Patty yet?
   • Oh come on! Why don’t you just kiss and make up?
  9. FROM CLOTH make something ↔ up to produce something from cloth by cutting and sewing:
   • The dress had been made up to her exact requirements.
  make something ↔ up into
   • I plan on making that material up into a dress. ⇨ make up your mind at mind1(3)
make up for something phrasal verb
  1. to make a bad situation better, or replace something that has been lost SYN compensate:
   • The team will be anxious to make up for a disappointing start to the season.
   • I don’t eat breakfast but I make up for it at lunch.
   • The good days more than make up for the bad ones.
  2. to have so much of one quality that it is not important that you do not have much of another one
  make up for something in/with
   • What Jay lacked in experience, he made up for in enthusiasm.
   • Caroline doesn’t have a natural talent for music but she makes up for it with hard work.
  3. to do something to show that you are sorry for doing something that upset or annoyed someone:
   • I’m sorry I was late. To make up for it, let me treat you to a meal.
  4. make up for lost time
   a) to work more quickly, or at times when you do not usually work, because something has prevented you from doing the work before:
   • We rehearsed all day Saturday, to make up for lost time.
   b) to do a lot of something in an eager way because you have not had a chance to do it before:
   • Palin didn’t travel much as a young man but he’s certainly made up for lost time now.
make up to somebody phrasal verb
  1. make (it) up to somebody to do something to show that you are sorry about the problems you have caused someone:
   • I’ll make it up to you somehow.
   • He was looking for a way to make up to her for what he had done.
  2. British English informal to say nice things to someone or be very friendly to them in order to get an advantage for yourself – used in order to show disapproval
  3. be made up to captain/manager etc to be given a higher position in an organization SYN promote:
   • He was a security guard before he was made up to reception manager.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

make

make [make makes made making] verb, noun [meɪk] [meɪk]

see also made

verb (made, made [meɪd] ; [meɪd] )

CREATE

1. to create or prepare sth by combining materials or putting parts together

• ~ sth to make a table/dress/cake

• to make bread/cement/paper

• She makes her own clothes.

• made in France (= on a label)

• ~ sth (out) of sth What's your shirt made of?

• ~ sth from sth Wine is made from grapes.

• ~ sth into sth The grapes are made into wine.

• ~ sth for sb She made coffee for us all.

• ~ sb sth She made us all coffee.

2. ~ sth to write, create or prepare sth

• These regulations were made to protect children.

• My lawyer has been urging me to make a will.

• She has made (= directed or acted in) several movies.

A BED

3. ~ a bed to arrange a bed so that it is neat and ready for use

CAUSE TO APPEAR/HAPPEN/BECOME/DO

4. ~ sth (+ adv./prep.) to cause sth to appear as a result of breaking, tearing, hitting or removing material

• The stone made a dent in the roof of the car.

• The holes in the cloth were made by moths.

5. ~ sth to cause sth to exist, happen or be done

• to make a noise/mess/fuss

• She tried to make a good impression on the interviewer.

• I keep making the same mistakes.

6. ~ sb/sth/yourself + adj. to cause sb/sth to be or become sth

• The news made him very happy.

• She made her objections clear.

• He made it clear that he objected.

• The full story was never made public.

• Can you make yourself understood in Russian?

• She couldn't make herself heard above the noise of the traffic.

• The terrorists made it known that tourists would be targeted.

7. ~ sb/sth do sth to cause sb/sth to do sth

• She always makes me laugh.

• This dress makes me look fat.

• What makes you say that (= why do you think so)?

• Nothing will make me change my mind.

8. to cause sb/sth to be or become sth

• ~ sth of sb/sth This isn't very important— I don't want to make an issue of it.

• Don't make a habit of it.

• You've made a terrible mess of this job.

• It's important to try and make something of (= achieve sth in) your life.

• We'll make a tennis player of you yet.

• ~ sth + noun I made painting the house my project for the summer.

• She made it her business to find out who was responsible.

A DECISION/GUESS/COMMENT, ETC.

9. ~ a decision, guess, comment, etc. to decide, guess, etc. sth

• Come on! It's time we made a start. Make can be used in this way with a number of different nouns. These expressions are included at the entry for each noun.

FORCE

10. to force sb to do sth

• ~ sb do sth They made me repeat the whole story.

• be made to do sth She must be made to comply with the rules.

• ~ sb He never cleans his room and his mother never tries to make him.

REPRESENT

11. to represent sb/sth as being or doing sth

• ~ sb/sth + adj. You've made my nose too big (= for example in a drawing).

• ~ sb/sth + noun He makes King Lear a truly tragic figure.

APPOINT

12. ~ sb + noun to elect or choose sb as sth

• She made him her assistant.

BE SUITABLE

13. linking verb ~ sb/sth + noun to become or develop into sth; to be suitable for sth

• She would have made an excellent teacher.

• This room would make a nice office.

EQUAL

14. linking verb + noun to add up to or equal sth

• 5 and 7 make 12.

• A hundred cents make one euro.

15. linking verb + noun to be a total of sth

• That makes the third time he's failed his driving test!

MONEY

16. ~ sth to earn or gain money

• She makes $100 000 a year.

• to make a profit/loss

• We need to think of ways to make money.

• He made a fortune on the stock market.

• He makes a living as a stand-up comic.

CALCULATE

17. no passive ~ sth + noun to think or calculate sth to be sth

• What time do you make it?

• I make that exactly $50.

REACH

18. no passive ~ sth to manage to reach or go to a place or position

• Do you think we'll make Dover by 12?

• I'm sorry I couldn't make your party last night.

• He'll never make (= get a place in) the team.

• The story made (= appeared on) the front pages of the national newspapers.

• We just managed to make the deadline (= to finish sth in time).

STH SUCCESSFUL

19. ~ sth to cause sth to be a success

• Good wine can make a meal.

• The news really made my day.

Rem: Most idioms containing make are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example make merry is at merry.

Verb forms:

Word Origin:

Old English macian, of West Germanic origin, from a base meaning ‘fitting’; related to the verb match.

Thesaurus:

make verb

1. T

• Wine is made from grapes.

create • • produce • • manufacture • • build • • develop • • generate • • form • |especially spoken do •

Opp: destroy

make/create/produce/manufacture/build/develop/generate/form sth from/out of sth

make/develop/form sth into sth

make/create/produce/do a drawing/painting

Make or create? Make is a more general word and is used especially about physical things: you would usually make a table/dress/cake but create jobs/wealth. You can use create about sth physical to emphasize how original it is

• Try this new dish, created by our head chef.

2. T

• This cake is very easy to make.

cook • • bake • • brew • |especially written prepare • |especially spoken get • |especially AmE fix •

to make/cook/bake/prepare/get/fix sth for sb

to make/cook/bake/prepare/get/fix sb/yourself sth

to make/cook/prepare/get/fix breakfast/lunch/dinner

3. T

• Who made these unjust laws?

plan • • design • • formulate •

make/plan/design/formulate sth to do sth

make/formulate a plan/hypothesis

4. T

• The rock made a dent in the roof of the car.

cause • • create • • produce •

make/cause/create/produce a hole

5. T

• Nothing will make me change my mind.

lead • • prompt • • motivate • • provoke • • persuade • |formal induce • • predispose •

make sb do sth

lead/prompt/motivate/provoke/persuade/induce/predispose sb to do sth

6. T

• They made us work very hard.

force • • drive • |formal oblige • • compel • • impel •

be made/force sb/drive sb/be obliged/compel sb/impel sb to do sth

Make or force? Make is slightly more informal. It is usually a person who makes sb else do sth

• Mum made me eat all my cabbage.

Force often suggests threats, or a situation where there is no choice about what to do

• The hijackers forced the passengers to lie on the ground.

• The plane was forced to make an emergency landing.

7. T

• 50 and 450 make 500.

be • • equal • • add up to sth • • amount to sth • • number • • run to sth • |especially business total •

make/be/equal/add up to/amount to/number/run to/total 50/2 million/$250/75%, etc.

make/be/add up to/amount to/number/run to/total nearly/almost/about/approximately/over/more than sth

8. T

• She sold her foreign investments and made $75 000.

raise • • fetch • • bring (sb) in sth • |especially spoken get • |formal realize •

Opp: lose

make/raise/bring in money

make/raise/fetch/bring in/get/realize $199/£300 000

make/realize £1 000/$50 000 on a deal

Make, bring in sth or get? You can make money, a particular amount of money, or a profit or loss. You can bring in money or a particular amount of money. You can only get a particular amount of money:

• The garage sale made/brought in a lot more than we expected.

¤ The garage sale got a lot more than we expected.:

• The company is making a loss.

¤ The company is getting/bringing in a loss.

9. T

• She made a fortune on the stock market.

earn • • bring (sb) in sth • • net • • gross • |informal pull sth in • |formal profit • |sometimes disapproving pocket • |informal, sometimes disapproving rake sth in •

Opp: lose

make/earn/bring in/net/gross/pull in/pocket/rake in $100 000 a year

make/earn money/a living/a fortune

Make or earn? Earn emphasizes the work you have to do to get money. If the money comes as interest or profit, and the subject is a person, use make; if the subject is a business, use either word:

• The business made/earned the family £3 million last year.

¤ She earned a fortune on the stock market.

Language Bank:

proportion

Describing fractions and proportions

▪ According to this pie chart, a third of ▪ students' leisure time is spent watching TV.

One in five ▪ hours is/are spent socializing.

▪ Socializing accounts for ▪ / makes up ▪ / comprises ▪ about 20% of leisure time.

▪ Students spend twice as much ▪ time playing computer games as doing sport.

Three times as many ▪ hours are spent playing computer games as reading.

▪ The figure for playing computer games is three times higher than ▪ the figure for reading.

The largest proportion of ▪ time is spent playing computer games.

note at half

Synonyms at consist

Language Banks at expect, fall, illustrate, increase

Synonyms:

consist of sb/sth

comprise • make up sth • constitute • be composed of sb/sth

These words all mean to be formed from the things or people mentioned, or to be the parts that form sth.

consist of sb/sth • to be formed from the things, people or activities mentioned: ▪ Their diet consists largely of vegetables.

comprise • (rather formal) to be formed from the things or people mentioned: ▪ The collection comprises 327 paintings.

Comprise can also be used to refer to the parts or members of sth: ▪ Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty. However, this is less frequent.

make up sth • (rather informal) to be the parts or people that form sth: ▪ Women make up 56% of the student numbers.

constitute • to be the parts or people that form sth: ▪ People under the age of 40 constitute the majority of the labour force.

be composed of sb/sth • (rather formal) to be formed from the things or people mentioned: ▪ Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein.

which word?

Consist of sb/sth is the most general of these words and the only one that can be used for activities with the -ing form of a verb: ▪ My work at that time just consisted of typing letters. The other main difference is between those verbs that take the whole as the subject and the parts as the object: ▪ The group consists of/comprises/is made up of/is composed of ten people. and those that take the parts as the subject and the whole as the object: ▪ Ten people make up/constitute/comprise the group. It is not correct to use ‘comprises of’ or ‘is composed by/from’.

Synonyms:

identify

know • recognize • name • make sb/sth out

These words all mean to be able to see or hear sb/sth and especially to be able to say who or what they are.

identify • to be able to say who or what sb/sth is: ▪ She was able to identify her attacker.

know • to be able to say who or what sth is when you see or hear it because you have seen or heard it before Know is used especially to talk about sounds that seem familiar and when sb recognizes the quality or opportunity that sb/sth represents: ▪ I couldn't see who was speaking, but I knew the voice. ◊ ▪ She knows a bargain when she sees one.

recognize • to know who sb is or what sth is when you see or hear them/it, because you have seen or heard them/it before: ▪ I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.

name • to say the name of sb/sth in order to show that you know who/what they are: ▪ The victim has not yet been named.

make sb/sth out • to manage to see or hear sb/sth that is not very clear: ▪ I could just make out a figure in the darkness.

to identify/know/recognize sb/sth by sth

to identify/recognize/name sb/sth as sb/sth

to identify/know/recognize/make out who/what/how…

to easily/barely/just identify/recognize/make out sb/sth

Synonyms:

make

do • create • develop • produce • generate • form

These words all mean to make sth from parts or materials, or to cause sth to exist or happen.

make • to create or prepare sth by combining materials or putting parts together; to cause sth to exist or happen: ▪ She makes her own clothes. ◊ ▪ She ▪ made a good impression ▪ on the interviewer.

do • (rather informal) to make or prepare sth, especially sth artistic or sth to eat: ▪ He did a beautiful drawing of a house. ◊ ▪ Who's doing the food for the party?

create • to make sth exist or happen, especially sth new that did not exist before: ▪ Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.

make or create?

Make is a more general word and is more often used for physical things: you would usually make a table/dress/cake but create jobs/wealth. You can use create for sth physical in order to emphasize how original or unusual the object is: ▪ Try this new dish, created by our head chef.

develop • (used especially in business contexts) to think of and produce a new product: ▪ to develop new software

produce • to make things to be sold; to create sth using skill: ▪ a factory that produces microchips

generate • to produce or create sth, especially power, money or ideas: ▪ to generate electricity ◊ ▪ Brainstorming is a good way of generating ideas.

form • [often passive] to make sth from sth else; to make sth into sth else: ▪ Rearrange the letters to form a new word. ◊ ▪ The chain is formed from 136 links.

to make/create/develop/produce/generate/form sth from/out of sth

to make/form sth into sth

to make/produce wine

to create/develop a new product

to create/produce/generate income/profits/wealth

to produce/generate electricity/heat/power

Vocabulary Building:

Household jobs: do or make?

To talk about jobs in the home you can use such phrases as wash the dishes, clean the kitchen floor, set the table, etc. In conversation the verb do is often used instead: ▪ Let me do the dishes. ◊ ▪ Michael said he would do the kitchen floor. ◊ ▪ It’s your turn to do the table. Do is often used with nouns ending -ing: ▪ to do the shopping/cleaning/ironing/vacuuming.

The verb make is used especially in the phrase make the beds and when you are talking about preparing or cooking food: ▪ He makes a great lasagne. ◊ ▪ I’ll make breakfast while you’re having a shower. You can also say get, get ready and, especially in NAmE, fix for preparing meals: ▪ Can you get dinner while I put the kids to bed? ◊ ▪ Sit down — I’ll fix supper for you.

Example Bank:

• A movie with big name stars in it should make money.

• Bob made the airport in less than forty minutes.

• Did they make any money out of their invention?

• He has made several movies.

• He makes the most delicious cakes.

• He'll never make the team.

• His snoring was so bad, she made him sleep on the sofa downstairs.

• How do you make that dish with the peppers and olives in it?

• I'm sorry I didn't make the party last night.

• It is possible to make a hypothesis on the basis of this graph.

• Mum makes us eat lots of vegetables.

• Politeness made her go back to see him.

• She made a fortune on the stock market.

• She sold her foreign investments last month and made $75 000.

• Smokers are often made to feel like social outcasts.

• The climber was the first woman to make the summit.

• The company is making a loss on its children's range.

• The plane was forced to make an emergency landing because of bad weather.

• The rock made a dent in the roof of the car.

• The story made the front pages of the national newspapers.

• There's money to be made from tourism.

• This does serve to make you question some fundamentals.

• We need to think of new ways to make money from our existing products.

• We were made to work very hard.

• What he said certainly made us all think.

• What made you go down to the beach so late last night?

• What made you think he was guilty?

• What makes you say that?

• What's your shirt made of?

• You won't make much money as a shop assistant.

• to be forced/made to do sth

Idioms: make as if to do something ▪ make do ▪ make good ▪ make it ▪ make it with somebody ▪ make like … ▪ make much of somebody ▪ make or break somebody ▪ make something good ▪ make something of yourself ▪ make the most of somebody ▪ on the make

Derived: make for something ▪ make off ▪ make off with something ▪ make out ▪ make somebody into somebody ▪ make somebody out ▪ make something of somebody ▪ make something out ▪ make something over ▪ make something up ▪ make towards something ▪ make up ▪ make up for something ▪ make up to somebody ▪ make yourself up

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

make

make (PERFECT) /meɪk/
verb [T] made, made INFORMAL
to cause to be perfect:
Those little bows round the neck really make the dress!

make (ARRIVE) /meɪk/
verb [T] made, made INFORMAL
to arrive at or reach, especially successfully:
She made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane.
He made it to the bed and then collapsed.
Could you make a meeting at 8 am?/Could you make 8 am for the meeting?

make (EARN/GET) /meɪk/
verb [T] made, made
to earn or get:
She makes $100 000 a year as a doctor.
How do you make a living as a painter?
The company has made huge profits/losses.
He's very good at making new friends.

make (CALCULATE) /meɪk/
verb [T + object + noun] made, made
to calculate as:
How much do you make the total?
I make the answer (to be) 105.6.
What do you make the time?/What time do you make it?

make (TOTAL) /meɪk/
verb [L only + noun; T] made, made
to produce a total when added together:
12 and 12 make 24.
Today's earthquake makes five since the beginning of the year.
[+ object + noun] I've got 29 different teapots in my collection - if I buy this one that'll make it 30.

make (BE OR BECOME) /meɪk/
verb [L only + noun] made, made
1 to be or become something, usually by having the necessary characteristics:
I don't think he will ever make a (good) lawyer.
He's a competent enough officer, but I doubt he'll ever make general.
It's a story that would make a great film.
She decided the back room would make a good study.
Champagne and caviar make a wonderful combination.
The story makes fascinating reading.

2 If people or things make a particular pattern, they are arranged in that way:
Let's make a circle.
Those seven bright stars make the shape of a saucepan.

make (FORCE) /meɪk/
verb
1 make sb do sth to force someone or something to do something:
You can't make him go if he doesn't want to.
The vet put something down the dog's throat to make it vomit.

2 be made to do sth to be forced to do something:
The prisoners are made to dig holes and fill them in again.

make (PERFORM) /meɪk/
verb [T] made, made
1 to perform an action:
I must make a telephone call.
Somebody has made a donation of £1 million to Oxfam.
I need to make a trip to the shops.
On foot they could only make about 20 miles a day.
We must make a decision by tomorrow.
You're not making any effort.
Someone has made a mistake/an error.
We're making good progress.
She has made a request for a new car.
We made an offer of £150 000 for the house.
She made a short speech.
Shall we make a start on the work?
Can I make a suggestion?
We made good time getting across town.
There's a drunk at the door making trouble.

2 make room/space/way If you make room/space/way for something or someone, you move or move other things, so that there is space for them.

make (CAUSE TO BE) /meɪk/
verb [T] made, made
to cause to be, to become or to appear as:
[+ noun] It's the good weather that makes Spain such a popular tourist destination.
[R + past participle] She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.
I can make myself understood in French, but I'm not fluent.
They went up to the Ambassador and made themselves known (to her).
[+ adjective] The company accounts have not yet been made public.
The book's advertised as "navigation made easy".
The President has made Lloyd Bentsen his Secretary of the Treasury.
I'll have a steak - no, make that chicken.

make (CAUSE) /meɪk/
verb [T] made, made
to cause something:
The kids made such a mess in the kitchen.
The bullet made a hole right through his chest.
[+ infinitive without to] The wind is making my eyes water.
What made you change your mind?
Just seeing Woody Allen's face is enough to make me laugh.
The photograph makes me look about 80!

make (PRODUCE) /meɪk/
verb [T] made, made
1 to produce something, often using a particular substance or material:
Shall I make some coffee?
He'd made a chocolate cake.
She makes all her own clothes.
[+ two objects] He made us some coffee./He made some coffee for us.
The pot is made to withstand high temperatures.
He works for a company that makes garden furniture.
The label on the box said 'made in Taiwan'.
Butter is made out of/from milk.
earrings made of gold
Her new trainer has promised to make an olympic athlete of her.

2 To make a film or television programme is to direct, produce it, or act in it:
John Huston made some great films.
The film was made by Goldcrest Productions.
So why didn't Garbo make any films after 1941?

make-or-break /ˌmeɪk.ɔːˈbreɪk/ US /-ɔːr-/
adjective
describes a situation that will bring great success or complete failure

make /meɪk/
noun [C]
a type of product or the name of the company which made it:
What make is your stereo?

maker /ˈmeɪ.kəʳ/ US /-kɚ/
noun [C]
1 the people or company that make something:
They're the biggest maker of fast-food products in the UK.
The makers of the film will want to see a decent return on their investment.
See also bookmaker; holidaymaker; homemaker; icemaker; kingmaker; matchmaker; pacemaker (RUNNER); pacemaker (DEVICE); peacemaker; troublemaker.

2 your Maker God:
HUMOROUS He's gone to meet his Maker (= He has died).

-maker/-meɪ.kəʳ/ US /-kɚ/
suffix
a person or machine which makes the stated thing:
a film-maker
a dressmaker
a watchmaker
car-makers
policy-makers
a coffee/tea-maker
an ice-maker

making /ˈmeɪ.kɪŋ/
noun [U]
the activity or process of producing something:
the art of film making
There's an article on the making of the series.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

make

I [me͟ɪk]CARRYING OUT AN ACTION
♦
makes, making, made
(Make is used in a large number of expressions which are explained under other words in this dictionary. For example, the expression `to make sense' is explained at `sense'.)
1) VERB You can use make with a wide range of nouns to indicate that someone performs an action or says something. For example, if you make a suggestion, you suggest something.
  [V n] I'd just like to make a comment...
  [V n] I made a few phone calls...
  [V n] I think you're making a serious mistake...
  [V n] The Pope said the world had made some progress towards peace in 1991...
  [V n] Science and technology have made major changes to the way we live...
  [V n n] She had made us an offer too good to refuse.
2) VERB You can use make with certain nouns to indicate that someone does something well or badly. For example, if you make a success of something, you do it successfully, and if you make a mess of something, you do it very badly.
  [V n of n] Apparently he made a mess of his audition...
  [V n of n] Are you really going to make a better job of it this time?
3) VERB If you make as if to do something or make to do something, you behave in a way that makes it seem that you are just about to do it. [WRITTEN]
  [V as if to-inf] Mary made as if to protest, then hesitated...
  [V to-inf] He made to chase Davey, who ran back laughing.
4) VERB In cricket, if a player makes a particular number of runs, they score that number of runs. In baseball or American football, if a player makes a particular score, they achieve that score.
  [V amount] He made 1,972 runs for the county.
  Syn:
  score
5) PHRASE: make inflects, oft PHR with n If you make do with something, you use or have it instead of something else that you do not have, although it is not as good.
  Why make do with a copy if you can afford the genuine article?...
  We're a bit low on bed linen. You'll have to make do.
6) PHRASE: V inflects, PHR cl, PHR n If you make like you are doing something, you act as if you are doing it, and if you make like someone, you act as if you are that person. [INFORMAL]
  Bob makes like he's a fish blowing bubbles.II [me͟ɪk]CAUSING OR CHANGING
♦
makes, making, made
(Please look at category 10 to see if the expression you are looking for is shown under another headword.)
1) VERB If something makes you do something, it causes you to do it.
  [V n inf] Grit from the highway made him cough...
  [V n inf] The white tips of his shirt collar made him look like a choirboy...
  [be V-ed to-inf] I was made to feel guilty and irresponsible.
2) VERB If you make someone do something, you force them to do it.
  [V n inf] Mama made him clean up the plate...
  [V n inf] You can't make me do anything...
  [be V-ed to-inf] They were made to pay $8.8 million in taxes and $300,000 in penalty taxes.
3) VERB You use make to talk about causing someone or something to be a particular thing or to have a particular quality. For example, to make someone a star means to cause them to become a star, and to make someone angry means to cause them to become angry.
  [V n n] ...James Bond, the role that made him a star...
  [V n n] He returned to Chicago, and made it his base for the rest of his life...
  [V n adj] She made life very difficult for me...
  [V it adj that] She's made it obvious that she's appalled by me...
  [V it adj to-inf] Rationing has made it easier to find some products like eggs, butter and meat...
  [V n of n] Does your film make a hero of Jim Garrison?
4) VERB If you say that one thing or person makes another seem, for example, small, stupid, or good, you mean that they cause them to seem small, stupid, or good in comparison, even though they are not.
  [V n inf adj/prep/n] They live in fantasy worlds which make Euro Disney seem uninventive...
  [V n inf adj/prep/n] Since he came to live with me, we have been subject to a campaign of spite and revenge which makes Lady Sarah appear angelic by comparison.
5) VERB If you make yourself understood, heard, or known, you succeed in getting people to understand you, hear you, or know that you are there.
  [V pron-refl -ed] Aron couldn't speak Polish. I made myself understood with difficulty...
  [V pron-refl -ed] He almost had to shout to make himself heard above the music.
6) VERB If you make someone something, you appoint them to a particular job, role, or position.
  [V n n] Mr Blair made him transport minister...
  [V n n] If I am made chairman, I hope Simon will stay on as my trusted lieutenant.
7) VERB If you make something into something else, you change it in some way so that it becomes that other thing.
  [V n into n] We made it into a beautiful home...
  [V n into n] Her bestseller `Peachtree Road' is soon to be made into a television mini-series.
8) VERB To make a total or score a particular amount means to increase it to that amount.
  [V n amount] This makes the total cost of the bulb and energy ₤27...
  [V n amount] Lupescu scored from 20 yards and then Balint made it 4-0.
9) VERB When someone makes a friend or an enemy, someone becomes their friend or their enemy, often because of a particular thing they have done.
  [V n] Lorenzo was a natural leader who made friends easily...
  [V n of n] He was unruly in class and made an enemy of most of his teachers.
10) to make friends → see friendIII [me͟ɪk]CREATING OR PRODUCING
♦
makes, making, made
1) VERB To make something means to produce, construct, or create it.
  [V n] She made her own bread...
  [V n] Nissan now makes cars at two plants in Europe...
  [have n V-ed] Having curtains made professionally can be costly...
  [V n from/out of n] They make compost out of all kinds of waste.
2) VERB If someone makes a film or television programme, they are involved in creating or producing it.
  [V n] We are making a film about wildlife.
  [V-ed] ...the film `Queen Christina', made in 1934.
3) VERB If you make a meal or a drink, you prepare it.
  [V n] You wash while I make some lunch...
  [V n n] Would you like me to make us all a coffee?
4) VERB If you make a note or list, you write something down in that form.
  [V n] Mr Perry made a note in his book...
  [V n] Make a list of your questions beforehand.
  Syn:
  write
5) VERB If you make rules or laws, you decide what these should be.
  [V n] The police don't make the laws, they merely enforce them...
  [V n] The only person who makes rules in this house is me.
6) VERB If you make money, you get it by working for it, by selling something, or by winning it.
  [V n] I think every business's goal is to make money...
  [V n] How much did we make?...
  [V n out of/from n] Can it be moral to make so much money out of a commodity which is essential to life?.
7) VERB If something makes something else, it is responsible for the success of that thing.
  [V n] What really makes the book are the beautiful designs.
8) N-COUNT: supp N, N of n The make of something such as a car or radio is the name of the company that made it.
  The only car parked outside is a black Saab - a different make.
  ...a certain make of wristwatch.
  Syn:
  brand
9) PHRASE: v-link PHR (disapproval) If you say that someone is on the make, you disapprove of them because they are trying to get a lot of money or power, possibly by illegal or immoral methods.IV [me͟ɪk]LINK VERB USES
♦
makes, making, made
1) V-LINK You can use make to say that someone or something has the right qualities for a particular task or role. For example, if you say that someone will make a good politician, you mean that they have the right qualities to be a good politician.
  [V n] She'll make a good actress, if she gets the right training...
  [V n] You've a very good idea there. It will make a good book...
  [V n] Instructors decided he would never make a pilot...
  [V n n] I'm very fond of Maurice and I'd make him a good wife.
2) V-LINK If people make a particular pattern such as a line or a circle, they arrange themselves in this way.
  [V n] A group of people made a circle around the Pentagon.
  Syn:
  form
3) V-LINK You can use make to say what two numbers add up to.
  [V amount] Four twos make eight...
  [V amount] He is adding three aircraft carriers - that makes six in all.V [me͟ɪk]ACHIEVING OR REACHING
♦
makes, making, made
1) VERB If someone makes a particular team or makes a particular high position, they do so well that they are put in that team or get that position.
  [V n] The athletes are just happy to make the British team...
  [V n] He knew he was never going to make director.
2) VERB If you make a place in or by a particular time, you get there in or by that time, often with some difficulty.
  [V n prep] The engine is gulping two tons of fuel an hour in order to make New Orleans by nightfall.
3) PHRASE: V inflects, oft PHR prep/adv If you make it somewhere, you succeed in getting there, especially in time to do something.
  So you did make it to America, after all.
  ...the hostages who never made it home...
  I just made it!
4) PHRASE: V inflects If you make it, you are successful in achieving something difficult, or in surviving through a very difficult period.
  I believe I have the talent to make it...
  You're brave and courageous. You can make it.
5) PHRASE: V inflects, usu with brd-neg, oft PHR to n If you cannot make it, you are unable to attend an event that you have been invited to.
  `I can't make it,' she said. `That's Mother's Day.'...
  He hadn't been able to make it to our dinner.VI [me͟ɪk]STATING AN AMOUNT OR TIME
♦
makes, making, made
1) VERB You use make it when saying what you calculate or guess an amount to be.
  [V it amount] All I want to know is how many T-shirts Jim Martin has got. I make it three...
  [V n amount] I make the total for the year ₤69,599.
2) VERB You use make it when saying what time your watch says it is.
  [V it n] I make it nearly 9.30...
  [V it n] `What time d'you make it?' - `Thirteen past.' [Also V n n]VII [me͟ɪk]PHRASAL VERBS
♦
makes, making, made
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - make for
  - make of
  - make off
  - make off with
  - make out
  - make over
  - make up
  - make up for
  - make up to

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹make /ˈmeɪk/ verb makes; made /ˈmeɪd/; mak·ing
1 [+ obj]
a : to build, create, or produce (something) by work or effort
• make a box/chair/suit
• make someone a dress = make a dress for someone
• He works in a factory that makes jet engines.
• She made the curtains herself.
• He collected wood to make a fire.
• She used cheese and a mixture of other ingredients to make a delicious sauce.
- often followed by with to describe the things that are used to produce something
• She made the sauce with cheese and other ingredients.
- often followed by of to describe the material that forms something
• The box is made of wood. [=it is a wood/wooden box; the material used to produce the box was wood]
• The topping is made entirely of cheese. [=the topping consists entirely of cheese]
- often followed by from to describe the source of a product
• Cheese is made from milk.
b : to use (something) to create a product - + into
• She made the material into a dress.
• She made a mixture of ingredients into a delicious sauce.
2 [+ obj] : to cause (something) to exist, happen, or appear
• Someone was making a disturbance.
• The car's engine has been making a strange noise lately.
• The rock made a dent in the car's fender.
• I'm not trying to make trouble.
• The typist made a mistake.
• I called the doctor's office to make an appointment.
• They moved over and made room for her.
• I want to make a good home for my children.
3 [+ obj] : to create or write (something) in an official or legal way
• The government should make laws to protect poor people.
• I don't make the rules; I just follow them.
• You should make a will.
4 [+ obj] : to produce, direct, or act in (something, such as a movie)
• a director who has made some classic films
• That actor has made many films.
5 [+ obj] : to cause (something or someone) to be changed in a specified way
• They adapted a Russian play and made the setting Dublin rather than Moscow.
• We originally planned on a one-week vacation, but we decided to make it two weeks instead.
• The experience made him a cynic. = The experience made a cynic (out) of him. = The experience made [=changed, turned] him into a cynic.
• I'd like a hamburger. No, wait—make that a cheeseburger.
6 [+ obj] : to cause (something or someone) to have a specified quality, feeling, etc.
• A good teacher makes learning enjoyable.
• She made what she wanted clear to us. = She made (it) clear to us what she wanted. [=she said or showed clearly what she wanted]
• He made it understood/known that he expected us to help.
• The experience made him cynical.
• Working in the garden makes me very tired.
• It makes me sad to think that the summer is ending.
• The photograph makes me seem/look fat.
✦To make yourself useful means to do something useful.
• Why don't you make yourself useful by washing the dishes?
✦To make yourself heard/understood (etc.) means to do what is necessary to be sure that people hear you, understand you, etc.
• The music was so loud that she could hardly make herself heard.
• She doesn't speak French well, but she can make herself understood.
7 [+ obj] : to cause (something) to be or become something
• A good teacher makes learning a pleasure. = A good teacher makes it a pleasure to learn.
• Yes, you can leave work early today, but don't make it a habit.
• The bright paint really makes the room come alive!
8 [+ obj]
a : to cause (someone) to do something
• He yelled at her and made her cry.
• How can I make you understand that I love you?!
b : to force (someone) to do something
• We have to find a way to make them work faster.
• They made me wait for an hour.
• If he doesn't want to do it, we can't make him (do it).
• They used threats to make her do it. = She was made to do it by the use of threats.
9 [+ obj] : to give a particular job, title, status, etc., to (someone)
• They made him (the) Emperor.
• They made her a member of their club. = She was made a member of their club.
10 [+ obj] : to perform (a particular action)
• He made a bow. [=he bowed]
• We made [=took] a detour to avoid traffic.
• They made [=got] an early start. [=they started early]
• I have to make a (telephone) call to my boss. [=I have to call/telephone my boss]
• May I make a suggestion? [=may I suggest something?]
• “Make love, not war!” shouted the demonstrators.
• I'm not used to making [=giving] speeches.
• They made a bet [=they bet] that she would win.
• Don't make any sudden movements.
• They made a contribution. [=they contributed]
• We should make a distinction between them.
• She made a promise to him. = She made him a promise.
• He made note of her address.
• Time is running out. You'll have to make a decision soon.
11 [+ obj] : to form (a plan) in your mind
• Have you made any plans for your vacation?
12 [+ obj] : to arrange the blankets and sheets on (a bed) so that the mattress is covered
• She always makes the bed after she gets up in the morning.
13 [+ obj] : to prepare (food or drink)
• Let me make dinner for you. = Let me make you dinner.
• Can I make you a drink?
• I'll make the pasta if you make the salad.
• She made a cake for her daughter's birthday.
14 a [linking verb]
- used to indicate a total
• That makes the third time you've said the same thing!
• I've lost again! That makes $3 I owe you.
• “I'm hungry.” “That makes two of us.” [=I'm hungry too]
b [+ obj] : to be equal to (an amount)
• Three plus two make/makes [=equals, totals] five.
c [+ obj] : to calculate (an amount, total, etc.)
• “What do you make the time?” [=what do you think the time is?] “(I make it) About half past three.”
• I make the distance back to camp about four miles. = I make it about four miles back to camp.
15 a [+ obj] : to be used to produce (something)
• Rags make the best paper.
b [linking verb] : to be suited for use as (something)
• This new building would make [=be] a fine school.
c [linking verb] : to be or become (something)
• She and her boyfriend make [=are] a lovely couple.
• She will make a fine judge one day.
• She made [=was] a loving wife to him. = She made him a loving wife.
16 [+ obj] : to arrive at (a place)
• The ship made port today.
17 [+ obj] : to earn or gain (money, a profit, etc.)
• He makes $50,000 a year.
• She makes a good salary.
• Their products are so inexpensive I don't know how they make a profit.
• She made $100 on the deal. = The deal made $100 for her. = The deal made her $100.
• He makes a/his living by doing small jobs.
• He made a/his fortune in the stock market.
18 [+ obj]
a : to be accepted as a member of (a group, team, etc.)
• She's finally made the team.
b : to appear on or in (a newspaper, a headline, etc.)
• The story of his accident made the front page of the paper.
• The story made headlines all across the country.
c chiefly US : to be promoted to (a level or rank)
• My uncle is in the army. He made major last year.
19 [+ obj] sports
a : to succeed in doing (something that you attempt)
• I missed the first foul shot but made the second one.
• He has to make this putt to win the tournament.
- opposite miss
b : to produce (a particular score)
• She made a 6 on the second hole.
• He made a birdie/bogey.
20 [+ obj]
a : to not be too late for (something)
• They (just/barely) made the deadline.
• We got to the station just in time to make the train.
- opposite miss
b : to reach or go to (a place)
• We made [=reached] Atlanta in just under two hours.
c : to succeed in reaching or going to (something)
• The team made [=qualified for] the play-offs last year.
• I don't know if I'll be able to make that meeting.
- opposite miss
21 [+ obj] : to act in a way that causes someone to be your friend, enemy, etc.
• She makes friends easily.
• He made a few enemies when he worked here.
22 [+ obj] : to cause the success of (someone or something)
• This film could make or break her career. [=the success or failure of her career could depend on the success or failure of this film]
- see also make-or-break
23 [+ obj] : to cause (something) to be enjoyable, attractive, etc.
• The bright paint really makes the room!
• Meeting the star of the show really made our day!
24 [no obj] old-fashioned + literary : to seem to begin an action
• She made to go. = She made as if to go. [=she moved in a way that suggested she was going]
make a face
- see ¹face
make away with [phrasal verb] make away with (something) literary : to steal and take away (something)
• Someone had made away with [=made off with] all the money.
make believe
- see believe
make do : to proceed or do what you can with the things that you have even though you do not have what you want
• They didn't have much money but they somehow managed to make do.
- often + with
• If we can't get what we want, we'll just have to make do with what we've got.
- often + without
• If we don't have carrots for the soup, we'll just have to make do without them.
make eyes at
- see ¹eye
make for [phrasal verb] make for (something)
1 : to go toward (a place) quickly
• Everyone made for [=headed for] the exit as soon as the show was over.
• After he left the office he made straight for home.
2 : to cause (something) to happen or to be more likely
• Courtesy makes for safer driving.
make friends
- see friend
make it
1 : to reach a particular place, goal, etc.
• The ship made it to port.
• You'll never make it that far.
• The climbers finally made it to the top of the mountain.
• Welcome to the party. I'm glad you could make it! = Welcome! I'm glad you could make it to the party!
• The story made it to the front page. [=the story appeared on the front page]
• She's finally made it onto the team. [=she finally was accepted on the team]
• If we hurry, we can still make it home before dark.
2 : to not fail, die, etc. : survive
• Many new businesses don't make it through their first year.
• He's very sick. The doctor doesn't think he's going to make it.
3 : to become successful
• It's tough to succeed in this business, but if you work hard I know you'll make it eventually.
• He made it big [=became very successful] in real estate.
4 chiefly US informal : to have sex
• His girlfriend caught him making it with another girl.
make like US informal
1 : to pretend to be (someone or something)
• He made like a rooster and strutted across the stage.
2 : to act in a way that does not show your true feelings
• He made like [=acted like] he didn't care.
make love
- see ¹love
make merry
- see merry
make much of : to treat (something) as very important
• In talking about his past, the book makes much of the influence of his brother. [=the book says that his brother's influence was very important]
• She tends to make far too much of her problems.
• You shouldn't make too much of what he said—he was only joking.
make nice
- see nice
make of [phrasal verb]
1 make (something) of (something or someone) : to have or form an opinion about (something or someone)
• What do you make of this? [=what is your opinion about this?]
• I can't make anything of it at all.
• I don't know what to make of her behavior. [=I don't understand her behavior]
• He's a strange guy. I don't know quite what to make of him.
2 make (a day, night, etc.) of it : to continue with an enjoyable activity during all of (a day, night, etc.)
• Since we're going out to dinner anyway, let's make an evening of it and go to a movie afterward.
3 make something of (yourself or your life) : to become successful
• She has worked very hard to make something of herself.
• He wants to make something of his life. [=to have a successful and productive life]
4 make something of it informal : to treat something as a reason for arguing or being angry - used in speech as an angry way of telling someone that you are prepared to fight or argue about something
• Yes, I got home late last night. Do you want to make something of it? [=do you want to argue/fight about it?]
- see also make much of (above)
make off [phrasal verb]
1 chiefly Brit : to leave quickly especially in order to escape
• After taking the money, the thieves made off toward the main highway.
2 make off with (something) : to take or steal (something) and go away
• Someone broke into the office and made off with some valuable equipment.
make out [phrasal verb]
1 make (something) out or make out (something) : to write down the required information on (something, such as a check)
• He made out a check for $100 to cover the cost of the repairs.
• make out [=fill out] a form
• The doctor will make out a prescription for you. = The doctor will make you out a prescription.
• She made out a shopping list before going to the grocery store.
2 make (something) out or make out (something)
a : to see and identify (something)
• We could just make out a ship approaching through the fog.
b : to hear and understand (something)
• I couldn't quite make out what she said.
c : to learn or understand (something) by studying, searching, etc.
• I can't quite make out [=tell] whether he's drunk or sober.
• We're still trying to make out [=find out, figure out] what really happened.
3 make (someone) out informal : to understand the behavior of (someone) - used in negative statements
• I just can't make him out [=figure him out]—he's so contradictory.
4 make (someone or something) out : to describe (someone or something) in a specified and usually false way
• The book makes them out to be criminals.
• Don't make them out as worse than they are.
• He's not as bad as he's made out (to be). = He's not as bad as people make him out (to be).
5 informal
- used to ask about or describe the success or progress of someone or something
• “How are you making out [=doing, getting along] in your new job?” “Just fine, thank you!”
• “How did the team make out yesterday?” “They won.”
• (US) He made out like a bandit [=he made a lot of money] when he sold the company.
6 chiefly US informal : to kiss and touch for a long time in a sexual way
• She was making out [=(old-fashioned) necking] with her boyfriend.
make over [phrasal verb]
1 make (something or someone) over or make over (something or someone) : to change the appearance of (something or someone)
• We made the whole house over so it looked more modern.
- see also makeover
2 make (something) over or make over (something) : to give (property) to another person in an official or legal way
• He made the ranch/shares over to his eldest son.
make up [phrasal verb]
1 make (something) up or make up (something) : to create or invent (a story, a lie, etc.)
• He entertained the children by making up a funny story about a cat that lived on a sailboat.
• He made up some excuse about having problems with his car, but no one believed him.
• It never happened: you made it all up!
• He didn't have a prepared speech. He just made it up as he went along.
- see also made-up
2 make (something) up or make up (something)
a : to combine to produce (something)
• Ten chapters make up this volume. = This volume is made up [=composed] of 10 chapters.
b : to produce or create (something) by putting together different parts
• They're going to make up a list of requirements for us. = They're going to make us up a list of requirements.
c : to prepare (something) so that it is ready to be used
• I'll make up a bed for you. = I'll make you up a bed. [=I'll prepare a bed for you to sleep in]
d Brit : to supply (something) according to directions
• make up [=(US) fill] a prescription
3 make (something) up or make up (something) : to provide an amount of time, money, etc., that is needed
• The total cost of the repairs is $200. If you can pay half of that, I'll make up the rest.
• I'll make up the difference.
• I have to leave work early today, but I'll make up the time by working late tomorrow.
4 make up (someone or something) or make (someone or something) up
a : to put makeup on (someone or someone's face)
• She made herself up for the party.
• Her face was heavily made up. [=there was a lot of makeup on her face]
- see also made-up
b : to change the appearance of (someone or something) by using costumes, decorations, etc.
• The actor was made up to look like George Washington.
• The room was made up to look like a disco.
5 informal : to become friendly again after being angry
• They quarreled but later made up (with each other).
• He made up with his girlfriend.
• (chiefly Brit) She's trying to make it up with him.
6 make up for (something) : to do or have something as a way of correcting or improving (something else)
• He wanted to make up for [=atone for] neglecting his children by spending more time with them.
• She tried to make up for lost time by working extra hard.
• What the movie lacks in plot it makes up for in special effects.
7 make up to (someone) Brit informal + disapproving : to treat (someone) in a very friendly or helpful way in order to get something for yourself
• an employee who's always making up to [=(US, informal) sucking up to] the boss
8 make it up to (someone) : to do something helpful or good for (someone you have hurt or treated wrongly)
• He'd neglected his children and wanted to make it up to them by spending more time with them.

performing a function

buying and selling in general

make

verb

business

business [noun] (SELLING)

the activity of buying and selling goods and services, or a particular company that does this, or work you do to earn money

/ˈbɪz.nɪs/

بازرگانی

مثال:

He is studying business.

او دارد بازرگانى‌ مى‌خواند.‏

Work that you do to earn money

معادل فارسی:

بازرگانی

مثال انگلیسی:

He is studying business.

او دارد بازرگانى‌ مى‌خواند.‏

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

A1 (پایه)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

business

noun

1 (no plural) buying and selling things:
I want to go into business when I leave school.
Business is not very good this year.

2 (plural businesses) a place where people sell or make things, for example a shop or factory

3 the work that you do as your job:
The manager will be away on business next week.
a business trip

it's none of your business, mind your own business words that you use to tell somebody rudely that you do not want to tell them about something private:
'Where are you going?' 'Mind your own business!'

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

business

busi‧ness S1 W1 /ˈbɪznəs, ˈbɪznɪs/ noun
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: busy]
1. BUYING OR SELLING GOODS OR SERVICES [uncountable] the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling goods, or providing services:
   • Students on the course learn about all aspects of business.
   • Carl began in the music business by running a recording studio.
   • We do business with a number of Italian companies.
   • He has a wide range of business interests.
2. COMPANY [countable] an organization such as a company, shop, or factory that produces or sells goods or provides a service:
   • She now has her own $25 million home-shopping business.
   • They don’t know how to run a business.
   • The company began as a small family business.
3. HOW MUCH WORK A COMPANY HAS [uncountable] the amount of work a company does or the amount of money it makes:
   • We’re now doing twice as much business as we did last year.
   • Exports account for 72% of overall business.
  business is good/bad/slow etc
   • Business is slow during the summer.
  drum up business (=try to get more work for you or your company)
   • Perot was in Europe, drumming up business for his new investment company.
4. FOR YOUR JOB [uncountable] work that you do as part of your job:
   • She’s in New York this week on business (=for her work).
   • Hi Maggie! Is this phone call business or pleasure?
  business trip/meeting etc
   • We discussed the idea over a business lunch.
   • useful business contacts
5. WHAT SOMEONE SHOULD BE INVOLVED IN [uncountable]
   a) if something is not your business or none of your business, you should not be involved in it or ask about it:
   • It was not her business, she decided, to ask where the money came from.
   • It’s none of your business how much I weigh.
   • ‘Who’s that girl you were with?’ ‘Mind your own business (=Don’t ask questions about something that does not concern you)!’
   • ‘Are you going out with Kate tonight?’ ‘That’s my business’ (=it doesn’t concern you, so don’t ask me questions about it).
   b) if it is someone’s business to do something, it is their duty or responsibility to do it
  it is the business of somebody to do something
   • It is the business of government to listen to the various groups within society.
6. THINGS TO BE DEALT WITH [uncountable] things that need to be done or discussed:
   • Okay, let’s get down to business (=start doing or discussing something).
   • ‘Is there any other business?’ the chairman asked.
7. MATTER [singular] a situation or activity, especially one that you have a particular opinion about or attitude towards
  a serious/strange/funny etc business
   • Leon regards keeping fit as a serious business.
   • Tanya found the whole business ridiculous.
8. be in business
   a) to be involved in business activities:
   • The company has been in business for over 30 years.
   b) spoken to have all that you need to start doing something:
   • I’ve just got to buy the paint and then we’re in business.
9. (go) out of business if a company goes out of business, or something puts it out of business, it stops operating, especially because of financial problems:
   • Higher interest rates will drive small firms out of business.
10. be back in business to be working or operating in a normal way again:
   • The band are back in business after a long break.
11. somebody was (just) minding their own business spoken used to say that someone was not doing anything unusual or wrong at the time when something unfair or bad happened to them:
   • I was driving along, minding my own business, when the police stopped my car.
12. go about your business to do the things that you normally do:
   • The street was full of ordinary people going about their business.
13. make it your business to do something to make a special effort to do something:
   • Ruth made it her business to get to know the customers.
14. mean business informal to be serious about doing something even if it involves harming someone:
   • The border is guarded by troops who mean business.
15. unfinished business something you need to discuss further with someone or a situation that has not yet reached a satisfactory solution:
   • The sudden death of a loved one can often leave the bereaved with an agonising sense of unfinished business.
16. business is business spoken used to say that profit is the most important thing to consider:
   • We can’t afford to employ someone who isn’t good at the job – business is business.
17. business as usual when someone or something is still working or operating normally when you think they might not be:
   • Despite last night’s scare, it was business as usual in the White House today.
18. have no business doing something/have no business to do something to do something you should not be doing:
   • He was drunk and had no business driving.
19. not be in the business of doing something to not be intending to do something because you think it is a bad idea:
   • I’m not in the business of selling my best players.
20. and all that business spoken informal and other things of the same general kind:
   • She handles the publicity and all that business.
21. (it’s) the business British English informal used to say that something is very good or works well:
   • Have you seen David’s new car? It’s the business!
22. do the business British English informal
   a) to do what you are expected to do or what people want you to do:
   • Come on, then, and do the business.
   b) to have sex
⇨ big business, ⇨ funny business at funny(3), ⇨ like nobody’s business at nobody1(2), ⇨ monkey business at monkey1(3), ⇨ show business
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS(for Meaning 1)■ verbs

   ▪ do business • A lot of firms are keen to do business in Japan.
   ▪ conduct business formal (=do business) • It is not a sensible way to conduct business.
   ▪ go into business (=start working in business) • A lot of university graduates want to go into business.
   ▪ set up/start up in business • The bank gave me a loan to help me set up in business.
   ▪ stay in business (=continue operating and not become bankrupt) • Some stores are finding it hard to stay in business.
   ▪ go out of business (=stop doing business because of financial problems) • In a recession smaller firms often go out of business.

■ NOUN + business

▪ the music/entertainment/computer etc business • He started out working in the computer business.

■ business + NOUN

   ▪ a business deal (=an occasion when you buy or sell something) • Negotiation is the most important part of a business deal.
   ▪ business activities • His wife refused to get involved in his business activities.
   ▪ business interests (=business activities, or shares in companies) • Both companies have substantial business interests in Indonesia.
   ▪ the business community (=people who work in business) • There was pressure on the government from the business community.
   ▪ the business world • You need to be flexible in today’s highly competitive business world.
   ▪ business studies (=a course of study about business) • She did business studies at college.

■ COMMON ERRORS

► Do not say 'make business'. Say do business.
• • •

COLLOCATIONS(for Meaning 2)■ verbs

   ▪ have/own a business • Nick owned a software business in Boston.
   ▪ run a business (=manage it) • There’s plenty of advice available on how to run your own business.
   ▪ start/set up a business • When you’re starting a business, you have to work longer hours.
   ▪ take over a business (=buy it or start running it) • When my father retired, I took over the business.
   ▪ build (up)/develop a business • He spent years trying to build a business in Antigua.
   ▪ establish a business • She overcame many financial difficulties to establish her business.
   ▪ a business succeeds • Making a business succeed is not simple.
   ▪ a business collapses/fails (=stops operating) • 35% of small businesses fail in the first year of operation.

■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + business

   ▪ a small business (=that employs only a few people) • Many small businesses have been badly hit by the recession.
   ▪ a medium-sized business • They offer services to small and medium-sized businesses.
   ▪ a software/catering/construction etc business • His girlfriend runs a catering business.
   ▪ a family business (=owned and controlled by one family) • For many years the hotel was a family business.
   ▪ an import/export business • Kingwell had an export business in New Zealand.
   ▪ a successful/profitable/thriving business • Within a few years she had established a thriving business in London.
   ▪ a viable business (=one that is likely to be successful) • It soon became clear that the restaurant was not a viable business.

■ business + NOUN

   ▪ a business partner (=someone who shares a business with you) • Margie was his wife and also his business partner.
   ▪ a business manager • We need to take on a business manager to deal with some of the admin.
   ▪ a business customer/client • We’re providing our business customers with reliable, proven Internet technology.
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ business the activity of making money by producing, buying, or selling goods, or providing services: • Business in Europe has been badly affected by economic conditions in the US. | • He works in the advertising business.
   ▪ trade the buying and selling of goods and services, especially between countries: • Trade between European countries became easier after the introduction of the Euro. | • a trade agreement
   ▪ commerce the buying and selling of goods and services. Commerce is more formal than business, and is used when talking about business activities in general: • One of the roles of the federal government is to regulate commerce. | • London became a great centre of commerce. | • the local chamber of commerce (=an organization which the companies and shops in an area belong to)
   ▪ e-commerce the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet: • E-commerce is a fast-growing part of the US economy.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

business

busi·ness [business businesses] [ˈbɪznəs] [ˈbɪznəs] noun

TRADE

1. uncountable the activity of making, buying, selling or supplying goods or services for money

Syn: commerce, Syn: trade

• business contacts/affairs/interests

• a business investment

• It's been a pleasure to do business with you.

• She has set up in business as a hairdresser.

• When he left school, he went into business with his brother.

• She works in the computer business.

• They were both in the same line of business.

see also agribusiness, big business, show business

WORK

2. uncountable work that is part of your job

• Is the trip to Rome business or pleasure?

• a business lunch

• He's away on business.

3. uncountable the amount of work done by a company, etc; the rate or quality of this work

• Business was bad.

• Business was booming.

• Her job was to drum up (= increase) business.

• How's business?

• If we close down for repairs, we'll lose business.

COMPANY

4. countable a commercial organization such as a company, shop/store or factory

• to have/start/run a business

• business premises

• She works in the family business.

• They've got a small catering business.

• He wanted to expand the export side of the business.

RESPONSIBILITY

5. uncountable something that concerns a particular person or organization

• It is the business of the police to protect the community.

• I shall make it my business to find out who is responsible.

• My private life is none of your business (= does not concern you).

• It's no business of yours who I invite to the party.

IMPORTANT MATTERS

6. uncountable important matters that need to be dealt with or discussed

• the main business of the meeting

• He has some unfinished business to deal with.

EVENT

7. singular (usually with an adjective) a matter, an event or a situation

• That plane crash was a terrible business.

• I found the whole business very depressing.

• The business of the missing tickets hasn't been sorted out.

BEING A CUSTOMER

8. (especially NAmE) (also BrE formal cus·tom) uncountable the fact of a person or people buying goods or services at a shop/store or business

• We're grateful for your business.

more at mean business at mean v., mind your own business at mind v., ply for hire/trade/business at ply v.

Idioms: any other business ▪ business as usual ▪ business is business ▪ get down to business ▪ go about your business ▪ have no business doing something ▪ have no business to do something ▪ in business ▪ like nobody's business ▪ not be in the business of doing something ▪ out of business ▪ the business

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

business

business (THINGS YOU DO) /ˈbɪz.nɪs/
noun [U]
the things that you do or the matters which relate only to you:
I got on with the business of filling in the form.
What she does with her life is her business.

business (MATTER) /ˈbɪz.nɪs/
noun [S or U]
a situation or activity, often one that you are giving your opinion about:
Arranging a trip abroad is a time-consuming business.
These killings are a dreadful business.
I make it my business (= I feel it is my particular duty) to check the monthly accounts.
We've got some unfinished business to discuss (= We still have something important to discuss).

the business noun [S] UK SLANG
extremely good:
That new defender is the business!

business (SELLING) /ˈbɪz.nɪs/
noun [C or U]
the activity of buying and selling goods and services, or a particular company that does this, or work you do to earn money:
My brother's in business.
He's in the frozen food business.
The two brothers established/set up/started up a clothes retailing business.
Our firm does a lot of business with overseas customers.
Eventually they found a consultant they felt they could do business with (= with whom they could work well).
Currently, there are fewer firms in business (= operating) in the area than ever before.
This new tax will put a lot of small firms out of business (= they will stop operating).
She set up in business (= started her own company) as a management consultant.
How is business (= Are you selling much) at the moment?
Business is good/brisk/booming/flourishing (= I'm selling a lot).
Business is bad/slack/quiet (= I'm not selling much).
I'm in Baltimore on business.
a business appointment

business-to-business /ˌbɪz.nɪs.təˈbɪz.nɪs/
adjective [before noun] (ABBREVIATION B2B)
describing or involving arrangements or trade between different businesses, rather than between businesses and the general public

business-to-consumer /ˌbɪz.nɪs.tə.kənˈsjuː.məʳ/ US /-ˈsuː.mɚ/
adjective [before noun] (ABBREVIATION B2C)
describing or involving the sale of goods or services to individual customers for their own use, rather than to businesses

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

business

/bɪznɪs/
(businesses)

Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.

1.
Business is work relating to the production, buying, and selling of goods or services.
...young people seeking a career in business...
Jennifer has an impressive academic and business background.
...Harvard Business School.
N-UNCOUNT

2.
Business is used when talking about how many products or services a company is able to sell. If business is good, a lot of products or services are being sold and if business is bad, few of them are being sold.
They worried that German companies would lose business...
Business is booming.
N-UNCOUNT

3.
A business is an organization which produces and sells goods or which provides a service.
The company was a family business...
The majority of small businesses go broke within the first twenty-four months...
He was short of cash after the collapse of his business.
= company, firm
N-COUNT

4.
Business is work or some other activity that you do as part of your job and not for pleasure.
I’m here on business...
You can’t mix business with pleasure.
...business trips.
N-UNCOUNT: oft on N

5.
You can use business to refer to a particular area of work or activity in which the aim is to make a profit.
May I ask you what business you’re in?
...the music business.
N-SING: oft supp N

6.
You can use business to refer to something that you are doing or concerning yourself with.
...recording Ben as he goes about his business...
There was nothing left for the teams to do but get on with the business of racing.
N-SING: with supp

7.
You can use business to refer to important matters that you have to deal with.
The most important business was left to the last...
I’ve got some unfinished business to attend to.
N-UNCOUNT

8.
If you say that something is your business, you mean that it concerns you personally and that other people have no right to ask questions about it or disagree with it.
My sex life is my business...
If she doesn’t want the police involved, that’s her business...
It’s not our business.
= affair, concern
N-UNCOUNT: with poss

9.
You can use business to refer in a general way to an event, situation, or activity. For example, you can say something is ‘a wretched business’ or you can refer to ‘this assassination business’.
We have sorted out this wretched business at last...
This whole business is very puzzling.
= affair
N-SING: supp N

10.
You can use business when describing a task that is unpleasant in some way. For example, if you say that doing something is a costly business, you mean that it costs a lot. (INFORMAL)
Coastal defence is a costly business...
Parenting can be a stressful business.
= affair
N-SING: supp N

11.
see also big business, show business

12.
If two people or companies do business with each other, one sells goods or services to the other.
I was fascinated by the different people who did business with me.
PHRASE: V inflects, PHR with n, pl-n PHR

13.
If you say that someone has no business to be in a place or to do something, you mean that they have no right to be there or to do it.
Really I had no business to be there at all.
PHRASE: V inflects, PHR to-inf, PHR -ing

14.
A company that is in business is operating and trading.
You can’t stay in business without cash.
PHRASE: v-link PHR

15.
If you say you are in business, you mean you have everything you need to start something immediately. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN)
All you need is a microphone, and you’re in business.
PHRASE: V inflects, v-link PHR

16.
If you say that someone means business, you mean they are serious and determined about what they are doing. (INFORMAL)
Now people are starting to realise that he means business.
PHRASE: V inflects

17.
If you say to someone ‘mind your own business’ or ‘it’s none of your business’, you are rudely telling them not to ask about something that does not concern them. (INFORMAL)
I asked Laura what was wrong and she told me to mind my own business.
PHRASE

18.
If a shop or company goes out of business or is put out of business, it has to stop trading because it is not making enough money.
Thousands of firms could go out of business.
PHRASE: PHR after v

19.
In a difficult situation, if you say it is business as usual, you mean that people will continue doing what they normally do.
The Queen was determined to show it was business as usual.
PHRASE: usu v-link PHR

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

business

busi·ness /ˈbɪznəs/ noun, pl -ness·es
1 [noncount]
a : the activity of making, buying, or selling goods or providing services in exchange for money
• The store will be open for business next week. [=the store will be ready for customers next week]
• The store has lost a significant amount of business since the factory closed.
• Allowing customers to leave your store unsatisfied is bad (for) business.
• The new Web site has been good for (attracting) business.
• What line of business [=work] are you in?
• She works in the publishing business.
• the fashion/music/restaurant business
• We do business with [=sell to or buy from] companies overseas.
• David has decided to go into business with his brother.
• Remember that your customers can take their business elsewhere. [=your customers can go to another place to do business]
• Their publishing company is the best in the business.
• a place of business [=a place, such as a store, bank, etc., where business is done]
- often used before another noun
• business opportunities/contacts/interests
• The business world is responding to changes in technology. [=businesses are responding to changes in technology]
• Someone will be available to answer your call during regular business hours. [=the hours that the office is open to do business]
• a business meeting [=a meeting at which matters of business are discussed]
- see also agribusiness, big business, in business (below), out of business (below), show business
b : work that is part of a job
• Is your trip to Miami (for) business or pleasure?
• I have to go to New York City on/for business next week.
- sometimes used before another noun
• a business trip [=a trip that is made in order to do business]
• I am flying business class [=in a seating section of an airplane that is more expensive than the main section but less expensive than first class] from Tokyo to New York.
c : the amount of activity that is done by a store, company, factory, etc.
• Business has been slow/bad lately. [=there have been few customers, sales, etc., lately]
• Business was good/booming.
• They advertised to increase business.
• How is business?
2 [count] : an organization (such as a store, company, or factory) that makes, buys, or sells goods or provides services in exchange for money
• He has the skills necessary to run/operate/start a business.
• The town is trying to attract new businesses.
• local businesses
• She joined the family business [=the business owned or operated by her family] after graduating from college.
- sometimes used before another noun
• I had lunch with some business associates.
• In addition to being married, the two are also business partners.
• The restaurant is in the business district. [=the part of a city or town where there are many businesses]
• the business community [=people involved in the upper levels of businesses]
3 [singular] : something that concerns a particular person, group, etc. : something that needs to be considered or dealt with
• Do we have any other business we need to discuss?
• Air quality is a serious business. [=air quality is something people should think about seriously]
• What's this business [=news] I hear about you moving away?
• Educating students is the business [=responsibility] of schools.
• No, I didn't ask him what he wanted the car for. That's his business.
• I won't answer that question. Who I choose to vote for is my business.
• He's decided to make it his business [=make it his goal] to bring more affordable housing to the city.
• “Who did you vote for?” “That's none of your business.” [=that's private information that you should not be asking about]
• It's no business of yours who I voted for.
✦The phrase mind your own business is used as an informal and often somewhat impolite way to tell someone to stop watching or asking about something that is private.
• Mind your own business and let them talk alone.
✦To say that you were minding your own business when something happened means that you were doing what you normally do and were not bothering anyone.
• I was walking down the street, minding my own business, when all of a sudden some man started yelling at me.
✦If you say something is nobody's business, you mean that it is private and other people do not need to know about it.
• It's nobody's business what we were talking about.
✦Someone who has no business doing something has no right to do it.
• You have no business telling me what I can and cannot wear! I'll wear whatever I like!
4 [noncount] : something that must be done
• I have some business in town Friday afternoon. [=I have to do something in town Friday afternoon]
• He had to leave the meeting early because he had to attend to some unfinished business. [=something not done that needs to be done]
• Now that we've all introduced ourselves, let's get down to business. [=start doing what needs to be done, start working]
• I was just going about my business [=doing what I usually do], when I heard a big crash.
• Sarah is good at taking care of business [=doing what needs to be done], so she's been put in charge of organizing the event.
• The church has hired someone to take care of the bills and all that business. [=everything else that needs to be done]
• A public library is in the business of providing information to the public. [=the job/purpose of a public library is to provide information]
• I'm not in the business of lending money to people I hardly know. [=I don't lend money to people I hardly know]
5 [singular] : a matter, event, or situation - usually used after an adjective
• Divorce can be such a messy business. [=affair]
• The earthquake was a terrible business.
• Predicting how people will react to something is a tricky business.
• Investing all your money in one stock is (a) very risky business.
• “How long did the ceremony take?” “Oh, the whole business was over in less than an hour.”
• Let's just forget about that business of me being unhappy with my job.
- see also monkey business
business as usual
- used to say that something is working or continuing in the normal or usual way
• Much of the town lost electricity in the storm, but for people with generators it was business as usual.
• As the election nears, both political parties continue to blame each other for all the city's problems. In other words, it's business as usual.
business is business
- used to say that in order for a business to be successful it is necessary to do things that may hurt or upset people
• I'm sorry I have to let you go, but understand that business is business.
in business
1 : operating as a business
• The hotel has been in business for over 150 years.
• Customer satisfaction is important if you want to stay in business.
2 informal : ready to begin doing or using something
• Just plug in the computer and you're in business! [=you will be able to use the computer]
• All the musicians have finally arrived, so we're in business!
• He quickly changed the tire, and was back in business [=ready to drive again] in 10 minutes.
like nobody's business informal : very well or quickly or in very large amounts
• She can design computer programs like nobody's business.
• It's been raining like nobody's business.
mean business : to be serious about doing something
• We thought he was joking at first, but then we saw that he really meant business.
out of business : closed down : no longer in business
• My favorite flower shop is out of business.
• Small grocery stores are being driven/forced/put out of business by large stores. [=small grocery stores cannot compete with large stores and so are closing permanently]
• The store has gone out of business. [=has closed]
the business Brit slang : a very good or impressive person or thing
• Since he's won the tournament, he thinks he's the business. [=the best]
• You should see their new flat. It's the business.

buying and selling in general

A1 (پایه)

business

noun

loose

loose [adjective] (NOT TIGHT)

loose clothes are large and do not fit your body tightly

/luːs/

گشاد، گل‌ و گشاد

مثال:

a loose shirt

پیراهن گشاد

loose clothes are large and do not fit your body tightly

معادل فارسی:

گشاد، گل‌ و گشاد

مثال انگلیسی:

a loose shirt

پیراهن گشاد

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

flexible - loose and yielding

سطح:

B2 (بالای متوسط)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

loose

adjective (looser, loosest)

spelling
Remember! Don't confuse loose with lose, which is a verb: We mustn't lose this game.

1 not tied or fixed:
The dog broke its chain and got loose.
One of his teeth is loose.

2 not fitting closely:
a loose white shirt
opposite tight

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

loose

I. loose1 S3 W3 /luːs/ BrE AmE adjective
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old Norse; Origin: lauss]
1. NOT FIRMLY ATTACHED not firmly fastened in place:
a loose floorboard
This tooth feels very loose.
The screw has come loose (=became loose).
► Do not confuse the adjective loose /luːs/ with the verb lose /luːz/ (=stop having something, become unable to find something etc): They thought they might lose their jobs.
2. NOT ATTACHED not attached to anything else:
loose papers
His rear wheel spun on the loose stones.
The potatoes are sold loose (=not packed in a container).
The driver had forgotten to fasten the safety chain and the trailer came loose (=became unattached).
3. NOT TIED TIGHTLY not tied or fastened very tightly:
a loose knot
4. HAIR if your hair is loose, it hangs freely rather than being tied back:
Her hair fell loose around her shoulders.
5. CLOTHES loose clothes are big and do not fit your body tightly SYN loose-fitting, baggy OPP tight:
a loose sweatshirt
6. FREE free from being controlled or held in a cage, prison, or institution
break/get loose (=escape)
A 34-year-old inmate broke loose from the sheriff’s office yesterday.
turn/let/set something loose (=let something go free)
Don’t let your dog loose on the beach.
7. NOT EXACT [usually before noun] not exact or thoroughly done:
a loose translation
a loose interpretation of the law
8. NOT VERY CONTROLLED not strictly controlled or organized
loose federation/alliance/group etc
a loose federation of political groups
loose arrangement (=an arrangement that can easily be changed)
9. NOT SOLID not pressed tightly together in a solid mass
loose soil/earth
10. SPORT not under the control of either team in a game of football, ↑rugby etc:
Sheringham was the first player to reach the loose ball.
11. cut loose
a) to free yourself from someone or something, or their influence
cut yourself loose (from something)
He cut himself loose from the constraints of family life.
b) American English informal to start enjoying yourself in a happy noisy way after a period of controlled behaviour:
I’m ready to cut loose and enjoy the weekend.
12. let (something ↔) loose to speak or behave in an uncontrolled way:
She let loose a string of four-letter words.
13. let somebody loose on something to allow someone to deal with something in the way they want to, when you think they will make mistakes or do something wrong:
Whatever you do, don’t let Derek loose on the garden.
14. be at a loose end (also be at loose ends American English) to have nothing to do:
I was at a loose end so I decided to go see an old movie.
15. loose ends parts of something that have not been completed or correctly done:
We’ve nearly finished, but there are still a few loose ends to be tied up (=dealt with or completed).
16. loose change coins that you have in your bag or pocket
17. loose cannon someone who cannot be trusted because they say or do things you do not want them to
18. hang/stay loose American English spoken used to tell someone to stay calm, or not to worry about something
19. BODY WASTE having a problem in which the waste from your ↑bowels has too much liquid in it:
loose bowels
20. IMMORAL old-fashioned behaving in a way that is considered to be sexually immoral:
a loose woman
loose morals
21. TALK old-fashioned not careful about what you say or who is listening:
There’s been a bit of loose talk about it.
—loosely adverb:
A towel was loosely wrapped around his neck.
The film is loosely based on the novel.
—looseness noun [uncountable]

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

loose

loose [loose looses loosed loosing] adjective, verb, noun [luːs] [luːs]

adjective (loos·er, loos·est)

NOT FIXED/TIED
1. not firmly fixed where it should be; able to become separated from sth
• a loose button/tooth

• Check that the plug has not come loose.

2. not tied together; not held in position by anything or contained in anything
• She usually wears her hair loose.

• The potatoes were sold loose, not in bags.

3. not usually before noun free to move around without control; not tied up or shut in somewhere
• The sheep had got out and were loose on the road.
• The horse had broken loose (= escaped) from its tether.

• During the night, somebody had cut the boat loose from its moorings.

CLOTHES

4. not fitting closely
• a loose shirt

Opp: tight

NOT SOLID/HARD

5. not tightly packed together; not solid or hard
• loose soil

• a fabric with a loose weave

NOT STRICT/EXACT

6. not strictly organized or controlled
• a loose alliance/coalition/federation

• a loose association of artists, writers and composers

7. not exact; not very careful
• a loose translation

• loose thinking

IMMORAL

8. usually before noun (old-fashioned) having or involving an attitude to sexual relationships that people consider to be immoral

• a young man of loose morals

BALL

9. (sport) not in any player's control

• He pounced on a loose ball.

BODY WASTE

10. having too much liquid in it
• a baby with loose bowel movements
more at play fast and loose at fast adv., all hell broke loose at hell, have a screw loose at screw n.
Word Origin:
Middle English loos ‘free from bonds’, from Old Norse lauss, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German los.
Example Bank:
• He felt he had to cut loose from his family.
• Her hair hung loose about her shoulders.
• I let my hair fall loose down my back.
• I'm going to let the dogs loose.
• One of the bricks feels slightly loose.
• Shall I wear my hair loose?
• The animals had broken loose from their pens.
• The committees work within fairly loose guidelines.
• The top of the tap has come loose.
• During the night, somebody had cut the boat loose from its moorings.
• The horse had broken loose from its tether.
• This book is an antidote for much of the loose thinking in the world of today.
• This is only a loose translation as I am not fluent in Japanese.
Idioms: cut loose from somebody ▪ hang loose ▪ have a loose tongue ▪ let loose ▪ let loose something ▪ let somebody loose ▪ on the loose

Derived Word: looseness

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

loose / luːs / adjective (NOT FIXED)

B2 not firmly fixed in place:

There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.

The nails in the bridge had worked them selves loose.

The prisoners were so thin that their skin hung loose.

B2 describes hair that is not tied back:

Her hair was hanging loose about her shoulders.

describes things that are not fixed or held together or to anything else:

A few loose sheets of paper were lying around.

loose / luːs / adjective (NOT TIGHT)

B1 (of clothes) not fitting closely to the body:

Wear comfortable, loose clothing to your exercise class.

loose / luːs / adjective (NOT EXACT)

C2 not tightly controlled, or not exact:

It's a fairly loose adaptation of the novel.

It's only a loose translation of the poem.

loose / luːs / adjective old-fashioned disapproving (IMMORAL)

having low morals; sexually free:

a loose woman

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

loose

/lu:s/
(looser, loosest, looses, loosing, loosed)

Frequency: The word is one of the 3000 most common words in English.

1.
Something that is loose is not firmly held or fixed in place.
If a tooth feels very loose, your dentist may recommend that it’s taken out...
Two wooden beams had come loose from the ceiling...
She idly pulled at a loose thread on her skirt.
ADJ
• loose‧ly
Tim clasped his hands together and held them loosely in front of his belly.
ADV: ADV with v

2.
Something that is loose is not attached to anything, or held or contained in anything.
Frank emptied a handful of loose change on the table...
A page came loose and floated onto the tiles.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

3.
If people or animals break loose or are set loose, they are no longer held, tied, or kept somewhere and can move around freely.
She broke loose from his embrace and crossed to the window...
Why didn’t you tell me she’d been set loose?...
= free
ADJ: ADJ after v, ADJ n, v-link ADJ

4.
Clothes that are loose are rather large and do not fit closely.
Wear loose clothes as they’re more comfortable.
= baggy
≠ tight
ADJ
• loose‧ly
His shirt hung loosely over his thin shoulders.
ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed

5.
If your hair is loose, it hangs freely round your shoulders and is not tied back.
She was still in her nightdress, with her hair hanging loose over her shoulders.
ADJ

6.
If something is loose in texture, there is space between the different particles or threads it consists of.
She gathered loose soil and let it filter slowly through her fingers.
ADJ

7.
A loose grouping, arrangement, or organization is flexible rather than strictly controlled or organized.
Murray and Alison came to some sort of loose arrangement before he went home...
He wants a loose coalition of leftwing forces.
ADJ: usu ADJ n
• loose‧ly
The investigation had aimed at a loosely organised group of criminals.
ADV: ADV with v

8.
If a person or an animal is on the loose, they are free because they have escaped from a person or place.
Up to a thousand prisoners may be on the loose inside the jail...
PHRASE: v-link PHR

9.
a loose cannon: see cannon
all hell breaks loose: see hell

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹loose /ˈluːs/ adj loos·er; -est
1 : not tightly fastened, attached, or held
• a loose tooth
• a loose thread
• Some of the shingles on the roof were loose.
• The rope was tied in a loose knot.
• The nails had been pried loose.
• Some of the shingles had come/worked loose.
• The boat came loose from its moorings and floated out into the harbor.
• The ball popped loose from the shortstop's glove.
2 a : not pulled or stretched tight
• a loose belt
• loose reins on a horse
• loose skin
b of clothing : not fitting close to your body : not tight
• She was wearing a loose dress/skirt.
• a loose [=baggy] sweater
3 : not physically held or contained
• The dog was wandering loose in the streets.
• The lion had somehow gotten/broken loose [=free] from its cage.
- see also let loose 1 (below)
4 a : not held together in a solid or tight mass
• loose dirt
• loose rocks
• loose sandy soil
b : not held together in a bundle, container, etc.
• loose sheets of pages
• Loose hairs stuck out from under his cap.
• She let her hair hang down loose.
• You can buy a bag of potatoes or some loose potatoes.
5 : not stiff or tense : flexible or relaxed
• He walked with a loose stride.
• loose muscles
• I never relaxed that day; I just couldn't get loose.
• Runners should warm up for a few minutes to get loose.
• I tried to stay loose during the game, but I was too nervous.
- see also hang loose (below)
6 : not closely joined or united
• Ten advocacy groups from all parts of the country formed a loose alliance/association/coalition to present their shared interests to Congress.
7 a : not exact or precise
• a very loose translation
• a loose interpretation of the law
• This book is only a novel in the loose sense of the word. [=the word “novel” does not usually refer to a book like this; many people would not consider the book a novel]
b : not careful in speech : talking too freely
• Loose [=careless] talk spread the rumor.
• She has a loose tongue. [=she talks too much about things that are private, secret, etc.]
8 sports : not controlled or held by any of the players in a game
• a loose ball/puck
9 old-fashioned : not respectable sexually : not decent or moral
• He was accused of loose conduct/behavior.
• a loose woman
• loose morals
10 of solid waste from the body : containing a larger than normal amount of fluid
• loose stools also; : producing loose stools
• loose bowels
• loose bowel movements
all hell breaks loose
- see hell
break loose
- see ¹break
cut loose
1 cut (someone) loose : to stop supporting or employing (someone)
• He worked here for a few years but he didn't do a good job, so we finally had to cut him loose. : to end an official relationship or agreement with (someone)
• She's been cut loose from her contract. [=the company/organization with whom she had a contract to work has ended the contract]
2 chiefly US informal : to act in a free and relaxed way after behaving in a way that is controlled
• I enjoy cutting loose with friends on weekends.
hang loose chiefly US informal : to remain calm and relaxed
• Just hang loose for a minute. I'll be right back.
have a screw loose, have a loose screw
- see ¹screw
let loose
1 let (someone or something) loose or set/turn (someone or something) loose : to allow (someone or something) to move or go freely
• He let/set the dogs loose in the courtyard.
• cattle let loose to graze on the green fields
- often used figuratively
• It's the end of the school year, when schools turn students loose on our towns.
• a director who's willing to let her actors loose to interpret their roles however they see fit
• how to stop the violence that has been let loose [=loosed] on the city
2 : to produce (something, such as a cry) in a sudden and forceful way
• The crowd let loose [=let out] an enormous groan when the pass was intercepted.
• She let loose (with) a scream.
play fast and loose

flexible - loose and yielding

B2 (بالای متوسط)

loose

adjective

new

new [adjective] (RECENTLY CREATED)

recently created or having started to exist recently

/nuː/

/njuː/

نو، نوين‌، جديد، تازه‌

مثال:

a new pair of shoes

يك‌ جفت‌ كفش‌ نو

recently bought

معادل فارسی:

نو، جدید

مثال انگلیسی:

Do you like my new dress?

از لباس نوی من خوشت میاد؟

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

new

adjective (newer, newest)

1 not existing before:
Have you seen his new film?
I bought a new pair of shoes yesterday.

2 different from before:
Our new flat is much bigger than our old one.
The teacher usually explains the new words to us.

3 doing something for the first time:
New parents are often tired.
He's new to the job and still needs help.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

new

new S1 W1 /njuː $ nuː/ BrE AmE adjective
[Word Family: adjective: ↑new, ↑renewable, ↑renewed, ↑newsy; noun: ↑news, ↑renewal; verb: ↑renew; adverb: ↑newly]
[Language: Old English; Origin: niwe]
1. RECENTLY MADE recently made, built, invented, written, designed etc OPP old:
the city’s new hospital
the new issue of ‘Time’ magazine
new products on the market
The hardest part of this job is understanding the new technology.
a new range of drugs
2. RECENTLY BOUGHT recently bought:
Do you like my new dress?
They’ve just moved into their new home.
3. NOT THERE BEFORE having just developed:
new leaves on the trees
a young man with new ideas
a new generation of women writers
new hope/confidence/optimism etc (=hope etc that you have only just started to feel)
a medical breakthrough that offers new hope to cancer patients
4. NOT USED BEFORE not used or owned by anyone before OPP used, second hand:
New and second-hand books for sale.
I got a used video camera for £300 – it would have cost £1,000 if I’d bought it new.
Jake arrived in his brand new (=completely new) car.
a spanking new (=completely new) conference centre
5. like new/as good as new in excellent condition:
Your watch just needs cleaning and it’ll be as good as new.
6. UNFAMILIAR not experienced before:
Learning a new language is always a challenge.
Living in the city was a new experience for Philip.
new to
This idea was new to him.
that’s a new one on me spoken (=used to say that you have never heard something before)
‘The office is going to be closed for six weeks this summer.’ ‘Really? That’s a new one on me.’
7. RECENTLY ARRIVED having recently arrived in a place, joined an organization, or started a new job:
You’re new here, aren’t you?
new to/at
Don’t worry if you make mistakes. You’re still new to the job.
new member/employee/student etc
training for new employees
new kid on the block informal (=the newest person in a job, school etc)
It’s not always easy being the new kid on the block.
the new boy/girl British English (=the newest person in a job, organization etc – used humorously)
8. RECENTLY CHANGED recently replaced or different from the previous one OPP old:
Have you met Keith’s new girlfriend?
I’ll let you have my new phone number.
the new regime in Beijing
9. RECENTLY DISCOVERED recently discovered:
the discovery of a new planet
new oilfields in Alaska
important new evidence that may prove her innocence
10. MODERN modern:
the new breed of politicians
11. VEGETABLES [only before noun] new potatoes, ↑carrots etc are grown early in the season and eaten when young
12. new life/day/era a period that is just beginning, especially one that seems to offer better opportunities:
They went to Australia to start a new life there.
13. be/feel like a new man/woman to feel much healthier and have a lot more energy than before, or to have a different attitude:
I lost 19 pounds and felt like a new man.
14. new arrival
a) someone who has recently arrived or started work somewhere
b) a new baby:
The children are thrilled with the new arrival.
15. new blood new members of a group or organization who will bring new ideas and be full of energy:
What we need in this company is some new blood.
16. new broom someone who has just started work in a high position in an organization and who is expected to make a lot of changes:
The company seems set to make a fresh start under a new broom.
17. what’s new? spoken especially American English used as a friendly greeting to mean ‘how are you?’
18. the new new ideas, styles etc:
This charming hotel is a delightful blend of the old and the new.
19. something ... is the new ... British English used to say that something is thought to be the new fashion that will replace an existing thing:
Don’t you know that vodka is the new water, my dear?
20. new-made/new-formed/new-laid etc recently made, formed etc
⇨ a new lease of life at ↑lease1(2), ⇨ turn over a new leaf at ↑leaf1(3)
—newness noun [uncountable]
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ new: a new sports centre | a new edition of the book | an entirely new theory of time and space
▪ brand new completely new: a brand new car | The house looks brand new.
▪ recent made, produced etc a short time ago: recent research into brain chemistry
▪ the latest [only before noun] the most recent: Have you seen his latest film? | the latest fashions from Paris
▪ modern different from earlier things of the same kind because of using new methods, equipment, or designs: modern technology | modern farming methods | a modern kitchen
▪ original new and completely different from what other people have done or thought of before, especially in a way that seems interesting: The play is highly original. | His style is completely original.
▪ fresh fresh ideas, evidence, or ways of doing things are new and different, and are used instead of previous ones: We need a fresh approach to the problem. | They want young people with fresh ideas. | Police think they may have found some fresh evidence that links him to the murder.
▪ novel new and different in a surprising and unusual way – used especially about a suggestion, experience, or way of doing something: The club have come up with a novel way of raising cash. | The King was passionately in love, which was a novel experience for him.
▪ innovative completely new and showing a lot of imagination – used especially about a design or way of doing something: an attractive website with an innovative design | They came up with an innovative approach to the problem.
▪ revolutionary completely new in a way that has a very big effect – used especially about an idea, method, or invention: a revolutionary treatment for breast cancer | His theories were considered to be revolutionary at the time.
▪ new-fangled [only before noun] used about something that is new and modern but which you disapprove of: My grandfather hated all this newfangled technology.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

new

new [new newer newest] [njuː] [nuː] adjective (newer, new·est)

NOT EXISTING BEFORE
1. not existing before; recently made, invented, introduced, etc
• Have you read her new novel?
• new ways of doing things
• This idea isn't new.
• The latest model has over 100 new features.

see also brand-new, Opp: old

2. the new noun uncountable something that is new

• It was a good mix of the old and the new.

RECENTLY BOUGHT

3. recently bought

• Let me show you my new dress.

NOT USED BEFORE

4. not used or owned by anyone before

• A second-hand car costs a fraction of a new one.

DIFFERENT

5. different from the previous one
• I like your new hairstyle.
• When do you start your new job?
• He's made a lot of new friends.
• Do you have her new phone number?

Opp: old

NOT FAMILIAR

6. already existing but not seen, experienced, etc. before; not familiar
• This is a new experience for me.
• I'd like to learn a new language.
• the discovery of a new star

• ~ to sb Our system is probably new to you.

RECENTLY ARRIVED

7. ~ (to sth) not yet familiar with sth because you have only just started, arrived, etc
• I should tell you, I'm completely new to this kind of work.
• I am new to the town.
• a new arrival/recruit

• You're new here, aren't you?

NEW-

8. used in compounds to describe sth that has recently happened

• He was enjoying his new-found freedom.

MODERN

9. (usually with the) modern; of the latest type
• the new morality

• They called themselves the New Romantics.

JUST BEGINNING

10. usually before noun just beginning or beginning again
• a new day
• It was a new era in the history of our country.

• She went to Australia to start a new life.

WITH FRESH ENERGY

11. having fresh energy, courage or health

• Since he changed jobs he's looked like a new man.

RECENTLY PRODUCED

12. only recently produced or developed
• The new buds are appearing on the trees now.
• new potatoes (= ones dug from the soil early in the season)
see also newly
more at new/fresh blood at blood, brave new world at brave adj., breathe (new) life into sth at breathe, put a new/different complexion on sth at complexion, (you can't) teach an old dog new tricks at teach
Idioms: break new ground ▪ good as new ▪ like new ▪ new broom ▪ new kid on the block ▪ new one on me ▪ turn over a new leaf ▪ what's new? ▪ … is the new …
Derived Word: newness
Word Origin:
Old English nīwe, nēowe, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch nieuw and German neu, from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit nava, Latin novus, and Greek neos ‘new’.
Thesaurus:
new adj.
1.
• These ideas aren't new.
fresh • |often approving novel •
Opp: old
a new/fresh/novel idea/approach/way
a new/novel concept/design/feature/form/method
completely/entirely/totally/relatively new/fresh/novel
2.
• Let me show you my new dress.
brand new • • untried •
Opp: old
new/brand new/untried technology
a new/brand new product/computer/house
relatively new/untried
3.
• I was fairly new to teaching at that time.
unfamiliar with sth • • unused to sth • |formal unaccustomed to sth •
new/unused/unaccustomed to sth
Example Bank:
• It was all very new and strange to me.
• She's still quite new to the job and needs a lot of help.
• The car still looks new.
• There is nothing new in teenagers wanting to change the world.
• These ideas are not entirely new.
• a scratch on my brand new car
• genuinely new approaches to data recording
• very proud of their spanking new kitchen
• A second-hand car costs a lot less than a new one.
• Have you read her new book?
• He couldn't stand the new breed of career politicians.
• He was new to the job and had not known how to deal with the situation.
• I was fairly new to teaching at the time.
• It's too much to ask of someone who is so new to the profession.
• Jamila likes to try the new fashions coming in from Pakistan.
• New arrivals should have their passports ready for inspection.
• New students will be given a tour of the college facilities.
• The school secretary wants to introduce new ways of doing things in the office.
• This idea isn't new.
• We offer intensive training to all new recruits.

• You're new in this town, aren't you?

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

new / njuː / / nuː / adjective (RECENTLY CREATED)

A1 recently created or having started to exist recently:

a new car

She's very creative and always coming up with new ideas.

What have they decided to call their new baby?

What's new in the fashion world?

We have to invest in new technology if we are to remain competitive.

→ See also brand new

newness / ˈnjuː.nəs / / ˈnuː- / noun [ U ]

new / njuː / / nuː / adjective [ before noun ] (DIFFERENT)

A1 different to one that existed earlier:

Have you met the new secretary?

She's looking for a new job.

Have you seen Ann's new house (= where she has just started living) ?

They've just launched a new generation of computers that are much more powerful than earlier models.

newness / ˈnjuː.nəs / / ˈnuː- / noun [ U ]

new / njuː / / nuː / adjective [ after verb ] (NOT FAMILIAR)

B1 not yet familiar or experienced:

to be new to the area

She's new to the job so you can't expect her to know everything yet.

newness / ˈnjuː.nəs / / ˈnuː- / noun [ U ]

new / njuː / / nuː / adjective (NOT USED)

not previously used or owned:

Used car sales have risen because of the increased cost of new cars.

Did you buy your bike new or second-hand?

→ See also brand new

newness / ˈnjuː.nəs / / ˈnuː- / noun [ U ]

new / njuː / / nuː / adjective (RECENTLY DISCOVERED)

A1 recently discovered or made known:

This new cancer treatment offers hope to many sufferers.

A retrial can only take place when new evidence has emerged.

newness / ˈnjuː.nəs / / ˈnuː- / noun [ U ]

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

new

/nju:, AM nu:/
(newer, newest)

Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.

1.
Something that is new has been recently created, built, or invented or is in the process of being created, built, or invented.
They’ve just opened a new hotel in the Stoke area...
The new invention ensures the beer keeps a full, frothy head.
...the introduction of new drugs to suppress the immune system...
Their epic fight is the subject of a new film...
These ideas are nothing new in America.
ADJ
• new‧ness
The board acknowledges problems which arise from the newness of the approach.
N-UNCOUNT

2.
Something that is new has not been used or owned by anyone.
That afternoon she went out and bought a new dress...
There are many boats, new and used, for sale...
They cost nine pounds new, three pounds secondhand.
ADJ

3.
You use new to describe something which has replaced another thing, for example because you no longer have the old one, or it no longer exists, or it is no longer useful.
Under the new rules, some factories will cut emissions by as much as 90 percent...
I had been in my new job only a few days...
I had to find somewhere new to live...
Rachel has a new boyfriend...
They told me I needed a new battery.
ADJ

4.
New is used to describe something that has only recently been discovered or noticed.
The new planet is about ten times the size of the earth.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

5.
A new day or year is the beginning of the next day or year.
The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the many achievements of the past...
ADJ: ADJ n

6.
New is used to describe someone or something that has recently acquired a particular status or position.
...the usual exhaustion of a new mother...
The Association gives a free handbook to all new members.
ADJ: ADJ n

7.
If you are new to a situation or place, or if the situation or place is new to you, you have not previously seen it or had any experience of it.
She wasn’t new to the company...
His name was new to me then and it stayed in my mind...
I’m new here and all I did was follow orders.
ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ to n

8.
New potatoes, carrots, or peas are produced early in the season for such vegetables and are usually small with a sweet flavour.
ADJ: ADJ n

9.
as good as new: see good
to turn over a new leaf: see leaf
a new lease of life: see lease
pastures new: see pasture
see also brand-new

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹new /ˈnuː, Brit ˈnjuː/ adj new·er; -est
1 a : not old : recently born, built, or created
• They visited the new library.
• She was looking for the new [=most recent] issue of the magazine.
• I saw their new baby for the first time.
• They planted new trees on the campus.
• a new kind of music
b : not used by anyone else previously
• She couldn't afford a new car, so she bought a used one.
• He bought the car new.
• shiny new shoes
• This watch is new.
- see also brand-new
2 a : recently bought, rented, etc.
• She is eager to see his new apartment/house/dog.
b : having recently become someone's relative, friend, employee, etc.
• This is my new stepsister.
• the young man and his new wife
• Come meet our newest [=most recently hired] employee.
• I made a new friend today.
c : recently added to an existing group, organization, etc.
• There was a new kid in school today.
• The union voted in 10 new members.
• The company created a new department to run its Web site.
- often + to
• She is new to this school.
• Don't worry about it. You are still new to the job.
3 : replacing someone or something that came before
• The team has a new coach.
• Have you met his new girlfriend?
• He starts his new job on Monday.
• I like your new haircut.
• The tree is growing new leaves.
• Waiter, could I please have a new fork? This one is dirty.
4 : recently discovered or learned about : not known or experienced before
• Scientists discovered a new comet.
• a new species of fish
• The promotion gave her a new sense of optimism.
• This drug gives new hope to patients.
• This is a new experience for me.
- often + to
• This kind of work is still new to me. [=I have been doing this kind of work for only a short time]
5
- used to describe a time, period, etc., that is beginning again and that is different from what came before
• A new day has begun.
• We are looking forward to the new year.
• A new semester starts in the fall.
• After college, he moved to the city to begin a new life. [=a time in a person's life that is different in some important way from what came before]
6 : healthier or more energetic
• I felt like a new man/woman after my vacation.
(as) good as new or like new : in very good condition : like something that has recently been made
• He painted the bicycle, and now it's as good as new.
• Once the jewelry has been cleaned, it'll be like new.
new arrival
- see arrival
new kid on the block
- see ¹kid
pastures new
- see ¹pasture
the new : new things
• The band played a good mix of the old and the new.
turn over a new leaf
- see ¹leaf
what else is new?
- see ²else
what's new? US informal
- used as a friendly greeting
• Hey man, what's new?
- new·ness noun [noncount]
• The couple admired the shiny newness of their remodeled kitchen.

large

large [adjective]

bigger than usual in size

/lɑːrdʒ/

/lɑːdʒ/

بزرگ‌، گنده‌

مثال:

The house had a large garden.

آن خانه باغ بزرگی داشت.

bigger than usual in size

معادل فارسی:

بزرگ‌، گنده‌

مثال انگلیسی:

The house had a large garden.

آن خانه باغ بزرگی داشت.

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

large

adjective (larger, largest)
big:
They live in a large house.
She has a large family.
Have you got this shirt in a large size?
opposite small

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

large

I. large1 S1 W1 /lɑːdʒ $ lɑːrdʒ/ BrE AmE adjective (comparative larger, superlative largest)
[Word Family: noun: ↑enlargement, ↑enlarger; adjective: ↑large, ↑largish; verb: ↑enlarge; adverb: ↑largely]
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin largus]
1. big in size, amount, or number OPP small:
Los Angeles is the second largest city in the US.
The T-shirt comes in Small, Medium and Large.
a large ovenproof pan
large sums of money
those who drink large amounts of coffee
A large number of students have signed up for the course.
2. a large person is tall and often fat OPP small
3. be at large if a dangerous person or animal is at large, they have escaped from somewhere or have not been caught:
The escaped prisoners are still at large.
4. the population/public/society/world etc at large people in general:
The chemical pollution poses a threat to the population at large.
5. the larger issues/question/problem/picture more general facts, situations, or questions related to something:
The book helps to explain the larger picture in the Middle East.
6. in large part/measure formal mostly:
Their success was due in large part to their ability to speak Spanish.
7. (as) large as life British English spoken used when someone has appeared or is present in a place where you did not expect to see them:
I turned a corner and there was Joe, as large as life.
8. larger than life someone who is larger than life is very amusing or exciting in an attractive way
9. by and large used when talking generally about someone or something:
Charities, by and large, do not pay tax.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

large

large [large larger largest] adjective, verb [lɑːdʒ] [lɑːrdʒ]

adjective (larger, larg·est)
1. big in size or quantity
• a large area/family/house/car/appetite
• a large number of people
• very large sums of money
• He's a very large child for his age.
• A large proportion of old people live alone.
• Women usually do the larger share of the housework.
• Brazil is the world's largest producer of coffee.

• Who's the rather large (= fat) lady in the hat?

2. (abbr. L) used to describe one size in a range of sizes of clothes, food, products used in the house, etc.

• small, medium, large

3. wide in range and involving many things
• a large and complex issue
• Some drugs are being used on a much larger scale than previously.
• If we look at the larger picture of the situation, the differences seem slight.
more at loom large at loom v., writ large at writ v.
Word Origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘liberal in giving, lavish, ample in quantity’): via Old French from Latin larga, feminine of largus ‘copious’.
Thesaurus:
large adj.
• A thousand pounds seemed like a large sum of money.
big • • great • • spacious • • extensive • • huge • • massive • • vast • • enormous • • substantial • • considerable • • sizeable • • hefty •
Opp: small, Opp: little
a/an large/big/great/extensive/spacious/huge/massive/vast/enormous/substantial/considerable/sizeable area
a/an large/big/spacious/huge/massive/vast/enormous building
a/an large/big/great/extensive/substantial/considerable/sizeable/handsome amount
a/an large/big/great/huge/massive/vast/enormous/substantial/considerable/sizeable/hefty increase
Large, big or great? Compare
• (a) large numbers/part/volume/population
• a big man/house/car/boy/dog/smile
• great interest/importance/difficulty/pleasure
Large is slightly more formal than big and is used more in writing. It is not usually used to describe people, except to avoid saying ‘fat’. Great often suggests quality and not just size; it does not usually describe the physical size of objects or people.
Language Bank:
generally
Ways of saying ‘in general’
▪ Women generally ▪ earn less than men.
Generally speaking ▪, jobs traditionally done by women are paid at a lower rate than those traditionally done by men.
In general ▪ / By and large ▪, women do not earn as much as men.
▪ Certain jobs, like nursing and cleaning, are still mainly ▪ carried out by women.
▪ Senior management posts are predominantly ▪ held by men.
▪ Most senior management posts tend to ▪ be held by men.
▪ Women are, for the most part ▪, still paid less than men.
▪ Economic and social factors are, to a large extent ▪, responsible for women being concentrated in low-paid jobs.
Language Banks at conclusion, except, similarly
Synonyms:
big / large / great

Large is more formal than big and should be used in writing unless it is in an informal style. It is not usually used to describe people, except to avoid saying ‘fat’.
Great often suggests quality and not just size. Note also the phrases: ▪ a large amount of ◊ ▪ a large number of ◊ ▪ a large quantity of ◊ ▪ a great deal of ◊ ▪ in great detail ◊ ▪ a person of great age.
Example Bank:
• By this time his debt had become extremely large.
• His eyes were abnormally large.
• Isn't that jumper rather large?
• Our house was not overly large.
• Some of the clothes looked very large.
• The issue looms large in political campaigns nationwide.
• The plant had grown quite large.
• The universe is infinitely large.
• a huge chair behind an equally large desk
• the increasingly large numbers of senior citizens
• Brazil is the world's largest producer of coffee.
• I grew up in a large family.
• It's better value if you buy a large box.
• There were some very large sums of money involved.
• Who is the rather large lady in the hat?
• Would you like small, medium or large?
Idioms: at large ▪ by and large ▪ give it large ▪ in large measure ▪ in large part ▪ large as life ▪ large it ▪ large it up ▪ larger than life

Derived Word: largeness

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

large / lɑːdʒ / / lɑːrdʒ / adjective

A2 big in size or amount:

a large house

the world's largest computer manufacturer

We need a larger car.

We didn't expect such a large number of people to attend the concert.

We've made good progress, but there's still a large amount of work to be done.

There was a larger-than-expected fall in unemployment last month.

Researchers have just completed the largest-ever survey of criminal behaviour in the UK.

The population faces starvation this winter without large-scale emergency food aid.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

large

/lɑ:(r)dʒ/
(larger, largest)

Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.

1.
A large thing or person is greater in size than usual or average.
The Pike lives mainly in large rivers and lakes...
In the largest room about a dozen children and seven adults are sitting on the carpet...
He was a large man with thick dark hair.
= big
≠ small
ADJ

2.
A large amount or number of people or things is more than the average amount or number.
The gang finally fled with a large amount of cash and jewellery...
There are a large number of centres where you can take full-time courses...
The figures involved are truly very large.
≠ small
ADJ

3.
A large organization or business does a lot of work or commercial activity and employs a lot of people.
...a large company in Chicago...
Many large organizations run courses for their employees.
= big
≠ small
ADJ

4.
Large is used to indicate that a problem or issue which is being discussed is very important or serious.
...the already large problem of under-age drinking...
There’s a very large question about the viability of the newspaper.
= serious
ADJ: usu ADJ n

5.
You use at large to indicate that you are talking in a general way about most of the people mentioned.
I think the chances of getting reforms accepted by the community at large remain extremely remote...
= in general
PHRASE: n PHR

6.
If you say that a dangerous person, thing, or animal is at large, you mean that they have not been captured or made safe.
The man who tried to have her killed is still at large.
= free
PHRASE: v-link PHR

7.
You use by and large to indicate that a statement is mostly but not completely true.
By and large, the papers greet the government’s new policy document with a certain amount of scepticism.
= on the whole
PHRASE: PHR with cl

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹large /ˈlɑɚʤ/ adj larg·er; -est
1 : great in size or amount : big
• a large room
• a large corporation
• a large glass of water
• It's the largest city in the state.
• It's the third largest city in the state. [=there are two other cities that are larger]
• These T-shirts are available in three sizes: small, medium, and large.
• Which city has the largest population?
• Her policies are supported by a large part/portion/percentage of the population.
• A large number of workers have filed complaints.
• She used to be thin, but she's gotten a bit large [=(less politely) fat] in recent years.
• He's a very large man. [=(usually) a tall and heavy man]
• He has a very large appetite.
2 : not limited in importance, range, etc.
• She's planning to play a larger [=more active] role in the negotiations.
• We need to take a/the large view of this issue. [=we need to look at this issue in a broad or general way]
(as) large as life
- see ¹life
at large
1 : not having been captured
• The criminal is still at large. [=free]
2 : as a group : as a whole
• His statements do not reflect the beliefs of the public at large. [=the beliefs of most people]
• society at large
3 US : not having a specific subject
• a critic at large [=a critic who writes about many different things]
4 US politics : representing a whole state or area rather than one of its parts - used in combination with a preceding noun
• a city councilor-at-large
bulk large
- see ³bulk
by and large
- see ²by
in large part or in large measure : not entirely but mostly : largely
• The success of the play was in large part due to the director.
• The economy is based in large measure [=for the most part] on farming.
larger than life
1 : bigger than the size of an actual person or thing
• The statue is larger than life.
• a larger-than-life image
2 of a person : having an unusually exciting, impressive, or appealing quality
• My grandmother was a remarkable woman who always seemed larger than life to me.
• a larger-than-life hero
live large
- see ¹live
loom large
- see ¹loom
to a large extent
- see extent
writ large
- see ²writ
- large·ness noun [noncount]
• the largeness of the dog
• the largeness of the population

tie

tie [noun] (FASTENING)

a long narrow piece of cloth that a man wears around his neck under the collar of a shirt

/taɪ/

كراوات

مثال:

For work, you should wear tie

برای کار باید کراوات بپوشید.

a long narrow piece of cloth that a man wears around his neck under the collar of a shirt

معادل فارسی:

كراوات

مثال انگلیسی:

For work, you should wear tie

برای کار باید کراوات بپوشید.

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

things worn to cover the head or face or neck

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

tie

noun

1 a long thin piece of cloth that you wear round your neck with a shirt

2 when two teams or players have the same number of points at the end of a game or competition:
The match ended in a tie.

3 ties (plural) a connection between people or organizations:
Our school has ties with a school in France.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

II. tie2 S3 W3 BrE AmE noun [countable]
1. MEN’S CLOTHES a long narrow piece of cloth tied in a knot around the neck, worn by men:
I wear a shirt and tie at work. ⇨ ↑black-tie, ↑bow tie
2. CONNECTION/RELATIONSHIP [usually plural] a strong relationship between people, groups, or countries
close/strong ties
the importance of strong family ties
tie between/with
close ties between the two countries
economic/diplomatic/personal etc ties
Japan’s strong economic ties with Taiwan
the ties of marriage/friendship/love etc ⇨ ↑old school tie
3. RESULT [usually singular] the result of a game, competition, or election when two or more people or teams get the same number of points, votes etc SYN draw British English:
The match ended in a tie.
4. FOR CLOSING SOMETHING a piece of string, wire etc used to fasten or close something such as a bag
5. GAME British English one game, especially of football, that is part of a larger competition
tie against
England’s World Cup tie against Argentina
first round/second round etc tie
home/away tie
6. PREVENT YOU FROM DOING SOMETHING something that means you must stay in one place, job etc or prevents you from being free to do what you want:
If you enjoy travelling, young children can be a tie.
7. RAILWAY American English a heavy piece of wood or metal supporting a railway track SYN sleeper British English
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + ties
▪ close/strong ties He had developed close ties with many Republican governors.
▪ family/blood ties Family ties have been weakened by older people living apart from their children.
▪ personal ties Strong personal ties connect her to the area.
▪ emotional ties He was a loner who failed to develop emotional ties with other people.
▪ economic ties Japan and South Korea have close economic ties.
▪ diplomatic ties the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries
▪ social ties Besides marriage, other social ties drew people together.
■ phrases
▪ ties of marriage/friendship/blood etc The ties of friendship that unite the two countries.
■ verbs
▪ maintain/develop ties The U.S. is committed to maintaining close ties with Europe.
▪ establish ties Israel established full diplomatic ties with the Vatican in 1994.
▪ cut/sever ties He said that he planned to sever his ties with the club.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

CLOTHES
1. (NAmE also neck·tie) a long narrow piece of cloth worn around the neck, especially by men, with a knot in front
• a collar and tie
• a striped silk tie

see also black tie, bow tie, old school tie, white tie

FOR FASTENING

2. a piece of string or wire used for fastening or tying sth

• ties for closing plastic bags

CONNECTION

3. usually plural a strong connection between people or organizations
• family ties
• the ties of friendship
• economic ties
• The firm has close ties with an American corporation.
• emotional ties
• Both sides agreed to strengthen political ties.

• Although he was raised as a Roman Catholic, he has cut his ties with the Church.

RESTRICTION

4. a thing that limits sb's freedom of action

• He was still a young man and he did not want any ties.

IN GAME/COMPETITION

5. a situation in a game or competition when two or more players have the same score
• The match ended in a tie.

compare draw n. (2)

6. (BrE) a sports match, especially a football ( soccer ) match, that is part of a larger competition

• the first leg of the Cup tie between Leeds and Roma

MUSIC

7. a curved line written over two notes of the same pitch (= how high or low a note is) to show that they are to be played or sung as one note
ON RAILWAY
8. (NAmE) (BrE sleep·er) one of the heavy pieces of wood or concrete on which the rails on a railway/railroad track are laid
Word Origin:
Old English tīgan (verb), tēah (noun), of Germanic origin.
Example Bank:
• His tie was askew and his hair dishevelled.
• His tie was undone.
• There is a strong tie between her and her daughters.
• There was a tie for first place.
• They have broken the ties that bound them.
• We have close economic ties with other countries in the region.
• We have close economic ties with our neighbours.
• a black-tie dinner
• a tie between Egypt and France
• ties of kinship
• to establish diplomatic ties with China
• He finished in a tie for 16th place, 11 shots behind the winner.
• He is aiming to be fit for the Davis Cup tie with France in February.
• It was the first leg of the Cup tie between Leeds and Roma.
• The Chair has the casting vote in the event of a tie.
• The community was bound by family ties and a strong church.
• There was a 129–vote tie between her and Alderman Scot.
• They have a second round tie away to Ipswich Town.
• They snatched a dramatic 7–7 tie with Wales in the final match.

• the ties of friendship/kinship

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

tie / taɪ / noun [ C ] (FASTENING)

A2 ( US also necktie ) a long, thin piece of material that is worn under a shirt collar, especially by men, and tied in a knot at the front:

He always wears a jacket and tie to work.

See picture clothes 1

any piece of string, plastic, metal, etc. that is used to fasten or hold together something:

Can you see the ties for the rubbish bags in the cupboard?

tie / taɪ / noun [ C ] (CONNECTION)

ties C2 [ plural ] the friendly feelings that people have for other people, or special connections with places:

Family ties are weaker if you move a long way away.

I no longer feel any ties with my home town.

He urged governments worldwide to break diplomatic ties with the new regime.

tie / taɪ / noun [ C ] (EQUAL FINISH)

C2 a situation in which two or more people finish at the same time or score the same number of points:

It's a tie for first place.

They have changed the scoring system because there have been too many ties.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

tie

/taɪ/
(ties, tying, tied)

Frequency: The word is one of the 1500 most common words in English.

1.
If you tie two things together or tie them, you fasten them together with a knot.
He tied the ends of the plastic bag together...
Mr Saunders tied her hands and feet.
VERB: V n adv/prep, V n

2.
If you tie something or someone in a particular place or position, you put them there and fasten them using rope or string.
He had tied the dog to one of the trees near the canal...
He tied her hands behind her back.
VERB: V n to n, V n prep/adv

3.
If you tie a piece of string or cloth around something or tie something with a piece of string or cloth, you put the piece of string or cloth around it and fasten the ends together.
She tied her scarf over her head...
Roll the meat and tie it with string...
Dad handed me a big box wrapped in gold foil and tied with a red ribbon.
VERB: V n prep/adv, V n with n, V-ed

4.
If you tie a knot or bow in something or tie something in a knot or bow, you fasten the ends together.
He took a short length of rope and swiftly tied a slip knot...
She tied a knot in her scarf...
She wore a checked shirt tied in a knot above the navel.
VERB: V n, V n in n, V-ed

5.
When you tie something or when something ties, you close or fasten it using a bow or knot.
He pulled on his heavy suede shoes and tied the laces.
...a long white thing around his neck that tied in front in a floppy bow.
VERB: V n, V

6.
A tie is a long narrow piece of cloth that is worn round the neck under a shirt collar and tied in a knot at the front. Ties are worn mainly by men.
Jason had taken off his jacket and loosened his tie.
N-COUNT

7.
If one thing is tied to another or two things are tied, the two things have a close connection or link.
Their cancers are not so clearly tied to radiation exposure...
My social life and business life are closely tied.
= link, connect
VERB: usu passive, be V-ed to n, pl-n be V-ed

8.
If you are tied to a particular place or situation, you are forced to accept it and cannot change it.
They had children and were consequently tied to the school holidays...
VERB: usu passive, be V-ed to n/-ing

9.
Ties are the connections you have with people or a place.
Quebec has always had particularly close ties to France...
= connection
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft N prep

10.
Railroad ties are large heavy beams that support the rails of a railway track. (AM; in BRIT, use sleepers)
N-COUNT

11.
If two people tie in a competition or game or if they tie with each other, they have the same number of points or the same degree of success.
Both teams had tied on points and goal difference...
Ronan Rafferty had tied with Frank Nobilo.
= draw
V-RECIP: pl-n V, V with n
•
Tie is also a noun.
The first game ended in a tie.
N-COUNT

12.
In sport, a tie is a match that is part of a competition. The losers leave the competition and the winners go on to the next round. (mainly BRIT)
They’ll meet the winners of the first round tie.
N-COUNT

13.
your hands are tied: see hand
to tie the knot: see knot
to tie yourself in knots: see knot
see also tied, black tie, bow tie, old school tie

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

tie

²tie noun, pl ties [count]
1 : necktie
• He was wearing a suit and tie.
• You have a spot on your tie.
- see also bow tie
2 : a piece of string, ribbon, cord, etc., that is used for fastening, joining, or closing something
• The pants have a tie at the top.
- see also twist tie
3 a : something (such as an idea, interest, experience, or feeling) that is shared by people or groups and that forms a connection between them - usually plural
• family ties
• political/economic/cultural ties
• the ties of friendship
• The company has close ties to conservative groups.
• Recent events have strengthened/cemented the ties between our two countries.
• She has severed all ties with the company.
• The experience loosened the ties that bind (us together).
b : a responsibility that limits a person's freedom to do other things
• He was not ready to accept the ties of family life.
4 a : the final result of a game, contest, etc., in which two or more people or teams finish with the same number of points, votes, etc. - usually singular
• The game ended in a tie. = The game was a tie. [=both teams/players had the same score at the end of the game]
• They played to a 3–3 tie. [=each team/player had 3 points when the game ended]
• There was a tie for second place.
b : a situation in which two or more people or teams have the same number of points, votes, etc., in a game or contest - usually singular
• She broke the tie with a goal in the final seconds of the match.
• a tie score
5 US : one of the heavy pieces of wood to which the rails of a railroad are fastened - called also (Brit) sleeper,
6 Brit sports : a match in a sports competition (such as a soccer or tennis tournament) in which the loser is eliminated
• They won the tie in the first round and went on to win the cup.

things worn to cover the head or face or neck

jumpers and shirts and tee-shirts

tie

noun

sweater

sweater [noun]

a piece of warm wool or cotton clothing with long sleeves, which covers the top half of your body SYN jumper

/ˈswet̬.ɚ/

/ˈswet.ər/

ژاكت‌، پوليور

مثال:

Put a sweater on if you're cold.

a piece of warm wool or cotton clothing with long sleeves, which covers the top half of your body SYN jumper

معادل فارسی:

ژاكت‌، پوليور

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

sweater

noun
a warm piece of clothing with long sleeves, which you wear on the top part of your body

word building
Other words for sweater are jersey, jumper and pullover. Sweaters are often made of wool. A cardigan is a sweater that fastens at the front like a jacket.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

sweater

sweat‧er /ˈswetə $ -ər/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: sweat; because it was originally worn when doing exercise, to make you sweat]

a piece of warm wool or cotton clothing with long sleeves, which covers the top half of your body SYN jumper British English

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

sweater

sweat·er [sweater sweaters] [ˈswetə(r)] [ˈswetər] noun

a knitted piece of clothing made of wool or cotton for the upper part of the body, with long sleeves. In British English the word is used to describe a piece of clothing with no buttons. In American English a sweater can have buttons and be like a jacket.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

sweater / ˈswet.ə r / / ˈswet̬.ɚ / noun [ C ] ( UK also jumper )

A2 a piece of clothing with long sleeves that is usually made from wool, worn on the upper part of the body:

Put a sweater on if you're cold.

a V-necked sweater

→ Compare cardigan

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

sweater

/swetə(r)/
(sweaters)

A sweater is a warm knitted piece of clothing which covers the upper part of your body and your arms.

= jumper, pullover

N-COUNT

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

sweater

sweat·er /ˈswɛtɚ/ noun, pl -ers [count] : a warm usually knitted piece of clothing for the upper part of your body: such as
a : one that is put on by pulling it over your head : pullover
- called also (Brit) jumper,
- see color picture
b US : one that opens like a jacket and that is fastened in the front with buttons or a zipper - called also cardigan,

jumpers and shirts and tee-shirts