British English

be tired of something to have had or done too much of something, so that you do not want it any longer:
I'm tired of watching TV – let's go out.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

tired

tired S1 W2 /taɪəd $ taɪrd/ adjective
[Word Family: adjective: tired, tireless, tiresome, tiring; verb: tire; noun: tiredness; adverb: tirelessly]
1. feeling that you want to sleep or rest
  so tired (that)
   • I’m so tired I could sleep for a week.
  too tired to do something
   • He was too tired to argue.
   • He looks tired out (=very tired).
   • ‘No,’ Frank said in a tired voice.
2. tired of (doing) something bored with something, because it is no longer interesting, or has become annoying:
   • I’m tired of watching television; let’s go for a walk.
   • I was getting tired of all her negative remarks.
3. familiar and boring OPP fresh:
   • tired old speeches
—tiredness noun [uncountable]
—tiredly adverb
⇨ dog-tired, ⇨ be sick (and tired) of something at sick1(6)
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ tired feeling that you want to sleep or rest: • I was really tired the next day. | • the tired faces of the children
   ▪ exhausted extremely tired: • I was exhausted after the long trip home. | • He sat down, exhausted. | • She immediately fell into an exhausted sleep.
   ▪ worn out [not before noun] very tired because you have been working hard: • With three small children to care for, she was always worn out.
   ▪ weary /ˈwɪəri $ ˈwɪr-/ written tired because you have been travelling, worrying, or doing something for a long time: • weary travellers | • a weary sigh | • He looks tired and weary after 20 years in office.
   ▪ fatigued formal very tired: • They were too fatigued to continue with the climb. | • Because of her illness, she often became fatigued.
   ▪ drained [not before noun] very tired and feeling as if all your energy has gone: • Afterwards, he felt drained, both physically and mentally.
   ▪ bushed/beat [not before noun] informal very tired: • I’m bushed. I think I’ll go to bed early. | • I’m beat. I don’t think I’ll go for a run tonight.
   ▪ knackered British English, pooped American English [not before noun] informal very tired. Knackered is a very informal use - do not use it in polite conversation: • By the time I got home I was absolutely knackered.
   ▪ shattered [not before noun] British English informal extremely tired: • When I first started teaching, I came home shattered every night.
   ▪ dead spoken extremely tired, so that you cannot do anything but sleep: • I was absolutely dead by the time I got home.

■ almost asleep

   ▪ sleepy wanting to sleep very soon, so that your eyes start to close: • I’m feeling quite sleepy. I think I’ll go to bed. | • She rubbed her sleepy eyes.
   ▪ drowsy starting to sleep because you are in a warm place, have drunk too much alcohol, or have taken medicine: • The tablets can make you feel drowsy. | • She was beginning to feel a little drowsy after all the food and wine she had consumed.
   ▪ can’t keep your eyes open/can hardly keep your eyes open to feel so tired that you find it difficult to stay awake: • I’d better get some rest – I can’t keep my eyes open. | • He had been driving all night, and he could hardly keep his eyes open.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

tired

tired [tired tireder tiredest] [ˈtaɪəd] [ˈtaɪərd] adjective

1. feeling that you would like to sleep or rest; needing rest

Syn: weary

• to be/look/feel tired

• I'm too tired even to think.

• They were cold, hungry and tired out (= very tired).

• tired feet

2. feeling that you have had enough of sb/sth because you no longer find them/it interesting or because they make you angry or unhappy

• ~ of sb/sth I'm sick and tired of all the arguments.

• ~ of doing sth She was tired of hearing about their trip to India.

3. boring because it is too familiar or has been used too much

• He always comes out with the same tired old jokes.

see also dog-tired

Derived Words: tiredly ▪ tiredness

Example Bank:

• He looked tired and drawn.

• I'm sick and tired of listening to you complain.

• I'm still a bit tired from the journey.

• Of course I'm not ill. I'm just tired.

• Polly suddenly felt awfully tired.

• She had grown heartily tired of his company.

• The walk left me quite tired out.

• He began with a few tired old jokes.

• I'm too tired even to think.

• It's a tired cliché-ridden definition of leadership.

• It's the same tired advice that was given to my mother.

• The word ‘empowering’ is tired and overused.

• The words danced on the page before his tired eyes.

• They were cold, hungry and tired out.

tire

tire [tire tires tired tiring] verb, noun [ˈtaɪə(r)] [ˈtaɪər]

verb intransitive, transitive ~ (sb)

to become tired and feel as if you want to sleep or rest; to make sb feel this way

• Her legs were beginning to tire.

• He has made a good recovery but still tires easily.

Word Origin:

v. Old English tēorian ‘fail, come to an end’, also ‘become physically exhausted’, of unknown origin.

Example Bank:

• She found herself tiring more quickly these days.

• The long walk had really tired me out.

• He has made a good recovery but he still tires easily.

• Long conversations tired her.

Idiom: never tire of doing something

Derived: tire of somebody ▪ tire somebody out

noun (NAmE) (BrE tyre)

a thick rubber ring that fits around the edge of a wheel of a car, bicycle, etc

• a front tire

• a back/rear tire

• to pump up a tire

• a flat/burst/punctured tire

• bald/worn tires

• to check your tire pressure

• He drove off with a screech of tires.

see also spare tyre

Word Origin:

v. Old English tēorian ‘fail, come to an end’, also ‘become physically exhausted’, of unknown origin.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

tired / taɪəd / / taɪrd / adjective (NEEDING REST)

A1 in need of rest or sleep:

I was so tired when I got home from work last night that I had a quick nap.

My legs are tired.

She spoke in a tired voice.

tiredness / ˈtaɪəd.nəs / / taɪrd- / noun [ U ]

He said that it was tiredness that led him to make the mistake.

I was overtaken by a sudden wave of tiredness.

tiredly / ˈtaɪəd.li / / ˈtaɪrd- / adverb

feeling or showing a need to rest or sleep

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

tired / taɪəd / / taɪrd / adjective (NOT INTERESTING)

disapproving describes people, ideas, or subjects that are not interesting because they are very familiar:

It's always the same tired old faces at these meetings.

be tired of sth/sb B1 to be bored with an activity or person:

I'm so tired of doing the same job, day after day.

Don't you get tired of quarrelling all the time?

I'm sick and tired of you telling me what to do all the time.

tiredly / ˈtaɪəd.li / / ˈtaɪrd- / adverb

feeling or showing a need to rest or sleep

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

tired

[ta͟ɪ͟ə(r)d]

1) ADJ-GRADED If you are tired, you feel that you want to rest or sleep.
  Michael is tired and he has to rest after his long trip.
  Derived words:
  tiredness N-UNCOUNT He had to cancel some engagements because of tiredness.
2) ADJ-GRADED You can describe a part of your body as tired if it looks or feels as if you need to rest it or to sleep.
  Cucumber is good for soothing tired eyes...
  My arms are tired, and my back is tense.
3) ADJ-GRADED: v-link ADJ of n/-ing If you are tired of something, you do not want it to continue because you are bored of it or unhappy with it.
  I am tired of all the speculation...
  I was tired of being a bookkeeper.
  Syn:
  sick
4) ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n (disapproval) If you describe something as tired, you are critical of it because you have heard it or seen it many times.
  I didn't want to hear another one of his tired excuses...
  What we see at Westminster is a tired old ritual.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

tired

tired adj [more ~; most ~]
1 : feeling a need to rest or sleep : weary
• I was really tired after the long trip.
• She's too tired to go out tonight.
• tired muscles
• The children were tired after the hike.
- see also dog-tired
2 : bored or annoyed by something because you have heard it, seen it, done it, etc., for a long time - + of
• He's tired of working for other people.
• Are you tired of your job?
• I got tired of listening to her.
• She never gets tired of their music.
• I'm sick and tired of [=very tired of] your complaining.
3 disapproving : used over and over again
• We had to listen to the same old tired excuses again.
• a tired joke
4 : worn down by long use : run-down
• a neighborhood of tired houses
• a tired old town
- tired·ly adv
• She tiredly leaned her head back.
- tired·ness noun [noncount]

American English

British English

tired and making tired

A1 (پایه)

tired

adjective

grow up

grow up [phrasal verb] (PERSON)

To gradually become an adult

/ɡroʊ/

/ɡrəʊ/

رشد کردن، بزرگ شدن

مثال:

I grew up in London.

من در لندن بزرگ شدم.

To gradually become an adult

معادل فارسی:

رشد کردن، بزرگ شدن

مثال انگلیسی:

I grew up in London.

من در لندن بزرگ شدم.

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

grow up

grow up phrasal verb (see also ↑grow)
1. to develop from being a child to being an adult:
What do you want to be when you grow up?
I grew up in Chicago.
2. grow up! spoken used to tell someone to behave in a more responsible way, like an adult
3. to start to exist or develop gradually:
Trading settlements grew up by the river.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

grow up

ˌgrow ˈup derived

1. (of a person) to develop into an adult

• She grew up in Boston (= lived there as a child).

• Their children have all grown up and left home now.

• ~ to do sth He grew up to become a famous pianist.

related noun grown-up2

2. used to tell sb to stop behaving in a silly way

• Why don't you grow up?

• It's time you grew up.

3. to develop gradually

• A closeness grew up between the two girls.

Main entry: growderived

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

grow up (PERSON) — phrasal verb with grow / ɡrəʊ / / ɡroʊ / verb ( grew , grown )

A2 to gradually become an adult:

I grew up in Scotland (= I lived there when I was young) .

Taking responsibility for yourself is part of the process of growing up.

grow up (CITY) — phrasal verb with grow / ɡrəʊ / / ɡroʊ / verb ( grew , grown )

If a town or city grows up in a particular place or way, it develops there or in that way:

The city grew up originally as a crossing point on the river.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

grow up

1) PHRASAL VERB When someone grows up, they gradually change from being a child into being an adult.
→ See also grown-up
  [V P] She grew up in Tokyo.
2) PHRASAL VERB: usu imper (disapproval) If you tell someone to grow up, you are telling them to stop behaving in a silly or childish way. [INFORMAL]
  [V P] It's time you grew up.
3) PHRASAL VERB If something grows up, it starts to exist and then becomes larger or more important.
  [V P] A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

grow

grow /ˈgroʊ/ verb grows; grew /ˈgruː/; grown /ˈgroʊn/; grow·ing
1 [no obj] : to become larger : to increase in size, amount, etc.
• The city is growing rapidly/dramatically.
• The list of chores to do this weekend keeps growing.
- often + in
• The sport is growing in popularity. [=is becoming more popular]
• The school has grown (considerably/greatly) in size.
• His followers continue to grow in number. [=to become more numerous]
2 [no obj] : to become better or improved in some way : to become more developed, mature, etc.
• She grew intellectually and emotionally in her first year at college.
• It's wonderful to see how she has grown as a person since going to college.
3 [no obj] : to become larger and change from being a child to being an adult as time passes : to pass from childhood to adulthood
• It can be hard to watch our children change as they grow.
• He's still just a growing boy.
• She's grown (by) at least an inch since the last time I saw her.
4 a [no obj] of a plant : to exist and develop
• These trees grow only in the jungle.
• As the tree grew taller, the branches began to touch the house.
• This plant does well in difficult growing conditions. [=conditions in which it is difficult for most plants to grow]
• The flowers grow wild [=grow naturally without being planted or cared for by humans] along the highway.
b [+ obj] : to cause (a plant) to grow : to cultivate or raise (a plant)
• She grows tomatoes in her garden.
• The plant is grown for its colorful flowers.
5 of hair, fingernails, etc. : to become longer

[no obj]

• She's letting her hair grow a little.
• His fingernails grow quickly.

[+ obj]

• She's growing her hair long.
• He tried to grow a beard/mustache. [=to have a beard/mustache by letting the hair on his face grow]
- see also grow out 1 (below)
6 a always followed by an adjective [linking verb] : become
• He suddenly grew pale.
• He had grown tired of hearing about their problems.
• She grew fat due to her lack of exercise.
• He's worried about growing old.
• These diseases are growing more common.
• We have grown accustomed to his angry outbursts.
b [no obj] : to have or form an opinion, attitude, etc., after time passes - followed by to + verb
• She's grown to like her new job.
• I grew to admire her very much.
• I grew to feel that these problems were not important.
• She grew to hate him for his selfishness.
7 [+ obj] : to cause (something, such as a business) to develop or get bigger
• These changes should allow us to grow the company while reducing waste.
• He claims that his proposals will help grow the economy.
grow apart [phrasal verb] : to become less friendly or emotionally close as time passes : to become distant from someone
• My wife and I have grown apart over the years.
grow from [phrasal verb] grow from (something) : to come from or originate from (something)
• The company grew from an idea he had in college.
grow into [phrasal verb] grow into (something)
1 : to become (something) as time passes
• She has grown into an accomplished and charming young woman.
• His small company has grown into a huge international corporation.
2 : to become large enough for (a certain size of clothing)
• Ben will grow into Billy's shoes in a year or two.
grow on [phrasal verb] grow on (someone) : to become more appealing to (someone) as time passes
• Try the dish again—it grows on you.
• I didn't like him at first, but he's starting to grow on me.
grow on trees informal : to exist in large amounts : to be easy to get
• Good jobs don't grow on trees. [=good jobs are hard to get]
• He acts as if money grows on trees.
grow out [phrasal verb]
1 grow (something) out or grow out (something) : to allow (something) to get longer
• She's growing out her hair.
- see also grow 5 (above)
2 grow out of (something)
a : to develop or come from (a source)
• The project grew out of a simple suggestion.
• This new theory grew out of their earlier research.
b : to become too large for (a certain size of clothing)
• He quickly grew out of his clothes.
- see also outgrow
c : to stop doing or having (something) because you are older and more mature
• She hoped to grow out of her bad habits.
• He's wild now, but he'll grow out of it.
grow up [phrasal verb]
1 a : to become an adult
• She wants to be a firefighter when she grows up.
- used to describe where you lived, what you did, etc., when you were a child
• I grew up in the city.
• We grew up poor, but we always had food on the table.
• He grew up playing music. [=he played music when he was a child]
b : to stop thinking and behaving in a childish way
• It's time for him to grow up and start accepting his responsibilities.
• Oh, grow up!
- see also grown-up
2 : to begin to exist and develop as time passes
• A number of villages and cities grew up along the river.
• A rivalry grew up between the villages.
- grow·er /ˈgrowɚ/ noun, pl -ers [count]
• corn/fruit growers
• This plant is known as a fast grower.
- growing adj always used before a noun
• There is growing acceptance of the new plan.
• the growing popularity of this film
• There's a growing sense that he may be right.

architecture

architecture [noun]

The art and practice of designing and making buildings

/ˈɑːr.kə.tek.tʃɚ/

/ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/

معماری

مثال:

classical architecture

معمارى سبك‌ كلاسيك‌

The art and practice of designing and making buildings

معادل فارسی:

معماری

مثال انگلیسی:

classical architecture

معمارى سبك‌ كلاسيك‌

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

architecture

noun (no plural)

1 the study of designing and making buildings:
He has a degree in architecture.

2 the design or style of a building or buildings:
Do you like modern architecture?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

architecture

ar‧chi‧tec‧ture S3 W3 /ˈɑːkətektʃə, ˈɑːkɪtektʃə $ ˈɑːrkətektʃər/ noun
1. [uncountable] the style and design of a building or buildings
  architecture of
   • the architecture of Venice
  modern/classical/medieval etc architecture
2. [uncountable] the art and practice of planning and designing buildings:
   • He studied architecture at university.
3. [uncountable] the structure of something:
   • the architecture of DNA
4. [uncountable and countable] technical the structure of a computer system and the way it works
—architectural /ˌɑːkəˈtektʃərəl◂, ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl◂ $ ˌɑːr-/ adjective:
   • architectural features
—architecturally adverb:
   • Architecturally, Chengdu is quite different from most of China.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

architecture

archi·tec·ture [architecture architectures] [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)] [ˈɑːrkɪtektʃər] noun

1. uncountable the art and study of designing buildings

• to study architecture

2. uncountable the design or style of a building or buildings

• the architecture of the eighteenth century

• modern architecture

3. countable, uncountable (computing) the design and structure of a computer system

Word Origin:

mid 16th cent.: from Latin architectura, from architectus from Greek arkhitektōn, from arkhi- ‘chief’ + tektōn ‘builder’.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

architecture / ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃə r / / ˈɑːr.kɪ.tek.tʃɚ / noun [ U ]

B1 the art and practice of designing and making buildings:

to study architecture

B1 the style in which buildings are made:

Roman architecture

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

architecture

[ɑ͟ː(r)kɪtektʃə(r)]
architectures
1) N-UNCOUNT Architecture is the art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.
  He studied classical architecture and design in Rome.
2) N-UNCOUNT: with supp The architecture of a building is the style in which it is designed and constructed.
  ...modern architecture.
  ...a fine example of Moroccan architecture.
  ...the architecture of the city's buildings.
3) N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, N of n The architecture of something is its structure. [FORMAL]
  ...the crumbling intellectual architecture of modern society.
  ...the architecture of muscle fibres.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

architecture

ar·chi·tec·ture /ˈɑɚkəˌtɛkʧɚ/ noun, pl -tures
1 [noncount] : the art or science of designing and creating buildings
• In college, he studied architecture.
2 [noncount] : a method or style of building
• The architecture of the building is modern.
3 [count] technical : the way in which the parts of a computer are organized
• different program architectures
- ar·chi·tec·tur·al /ˌɑɚkəˈtɛkʧərəl/ adj
• architectural blueprints/designs/drawings/plans
• an architectural detail/element/feature/style
- ar·chi·tec·tur·al·ly adv
• architecturally wonderful buildings

nursing

nursing [noun]

The job of being a nurse

/ˈnɝː.sɪŋ/

/ˈnɜː.sɪŋ/

پرستارى

مثال:

The School of Nursing is still taking applicants.

دانشکده پرستاری هنوز هم متقاضی می پذیرد.

The job of being a nurse

معادل فارسی:

پرستارى

مثال انگلیسی:

The School of Nursing is still taking applicants.

دانشکده پرستاری هنوز هم متقاضی می پذیرد.

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

doctors and health workers generally

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

nursing

noun (no plural)
the job of being a nurse:
He has decided to go into nursing when he leaves school.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

nursing

nurs‧ing /ˈnɜːsɪŋ $ ˈnɜːr-/ noun [uncountable]
[Word Family: noun: nurse, nursery, nursing; verb: nurse]
the job or skill of looking after people who are ill, injured, or old ⇨ nurse:
   • I’d love to go into nursing.
   • the nursing profession
   • psychiatric nursing

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

nursing

nurs·ing [nursing] [ˈnɜːsɪŋ] [ˈnɜːrsɪŋ] noun uncountable

the job or skill of caring for people who are sick or injured

• a career in nursing

• nursing care

• the nursing profession

Example Bank:

• He is planning to follow a career in nursing.

• My grandmother lives in a nursing home.

• Representatives from the nursing profession will give a talk on their work.

nurse

nurse [nurse nurses nursed nursing] noun, verb [nɜːs] [nɜːrs]

noun

1. a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people, usually in a hospital

• a qualified/registered nurse

• student nurses

• a male nurse

• a dental nurse (= one who helps a dentist)

• a psychiatric nurse (= one who works in a hospital for people with mental illnesses)

• Nurse Bennett

• Nurse, come quickly!

see also charge nurse, district nurse, practical nurse, registered nurse, staff nurse

2. (also nurse·maid) (old-fashioned) (in the past) a woman or girl whose job was to take care of babies or small children in their own homes

see also nursery nurse, wet nurse

Word Origin:

late Middle English: contraction of earlier nourice, from Old French, from late Latin nutricia, feminine of Latin nutricius ‘(person) that nourishes’, from nutrix, nutric- ‘nurse’, from nutrire ‘nourish’. The verb was originally a contraction of nourish, altered under the influence of the noun.

More About:

gender

Ways of talking about men and women

When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not.The human race

Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean ‘all men and women’. Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people.Jobs

The suffix -ess in names of occupations such as actress, hostess and waitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can use actor or host, (although actress and hostess are still very common) or a neutral word, such as server for waiter and waitress.

Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can use police officer instead of policeman or policewoman, and spokesperson instead of spokesman or spokeswoman. Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both BrE and NAmE.

When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary/nurse/model (NOT man) or a woman/female doctor/barrister/driver. However this is now not usually used unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/woman: ▪ My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor. ◊ ▪ They have a male nanny for their kids. ◊ ▪ a female racing driver Pronouns

He used to be considered to cover both men and women: ▪ Everyone needs to feel he is loved. This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, etc. one of the plural pronouns they, them, and their is often used: ▪ Does everybody know what they want? ◊ ▪ Somebody’s left their coat here. ◊ ▪ I hope nobody’s forgotten to bring their passport with them.

Some people prefer to use he or she, his or her, or him or her in speech and writing: ▪ Everyone knows what’s best for him or herself. He/she or (s)he can also be used in writing: ▪ If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/she can give you more information. (You may find that some writers just use ‘she’.) These uses can seem awkward when they are used a lot. It is better to try to change the sentence, using a plural noun. Instead of saying: ▪ A baby cries when he or she is tired you can say ▪ Babies cry when they are tired.

Example Bank:

• the children's staff nurse

• a dental nurse

• a psychiatric nurse

• a qualified/registered nurse

verb

1. transitive ~ sb to care for sb who is ill/sick or injured

• He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing cancer patients.

• She nursed her daughter back to health.

• She nursed her husband devotedly through his last illness.

2. transitive ~ sth to take care of an injury or illness

• Several weeks after the match, he was still nursing a shoulder injury.

• You'd better go to bed and nurse that cold.

• (figurative) She was nursing her hurt pride.

3. transitive ~ sth (formal) to have a strong feeling or idea in your mind for a long time

Syn: harbour

• to nurse an ambition/a grievance/a grudge

• She had been nursing a secret desire to see him again.

4. transitive ~ sth to give special care or attention to sb/sth

• to nurse tender young plants

• He nursed the car up the steep hill.

5. transitive ~ sb/sth to hold sb/sth carefully in your arms or close to your body

• He sat nursing his cup of coffee.

6. intransitive, transitive (of a woman or female animal) to feed a baby with milk from the breast

Syn: suckle

• a nursing mother

• ~ sb/sth The lioness is still nursing her cubs.

compare breastfeed

7. intransitive (of a baby) to suck milk from its mother's breast

Syn: suckle

Word Origin:

Collocations:

Illnesses

Becoming ill

catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug

get (BrE) ill/(NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

come down with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu

contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS

be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV

develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis

have a heart attack/a stroke

provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction

block/burst/rupture a blood vessel

damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon

Being ill

feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy

be running (BrE) a temperature/(NAmE) a fever

have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(BrE) a high temperature/(NAmE) a fever

suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder

be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover

battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism

Treatments

examine a patient

diagnose a condition/disease/disorder

be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia

prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics

treat sb for cancer/depression/shock

have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer

have/be given an injection/(BrE) a flu jab/(NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray

cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient

prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs

be vaccinated against the flu/(BrE) flu/the measles/(BrE) measles/polio/smallpox

enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease

Example Bank:

• He was nursed back to health by his devoted servant.

• He worked in a hospital for ten years, nursing cancer patients.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

nursing / ˈnɜː.sɪŋ / / ˈnɝː- / noun [ U ]

the job of being a nurse:

She studied nursing at Garfield Hospital.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

nursing

[nɜ͟ː(r)sɪŋ]
N-UNCOUNT
Nursing is the profession of looking after people who are ill.
She had no aptitude for nursing...
Does the nursing staff seem to care?

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

nursing

nursing noun [noncount] : the job of taking care of people who are sick, injured, or old
• She has been employed in nursing for several years now.
• Nursing is difficult work.
• He went to nursing school. [=a school that trains people to be nurses]

American English

British English

doctors and health workers generally

nursing

noun

information technology

information technology [noun]

the study or use of computers and electronic systems for storing and using information. Information technology is often simply called IT .

/ɪn.fɚˌmeɪ.ʃən tekˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/

/ɪn.fəˌmeɪ.ʃən tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/

فناوری اطلاعات

مثال:

I like studying information technology.

من مطالعه ناوری اطلاعات را دوست دارم.

the study or use of computers and electronic systems for storing and using information. Information technology is often simply called IT .

معادل فارسی:

فناوری اطلاعات

مثال انگلیسی:

I like studying information technology.

من مطالعه ناوری اطلاعات را دوست دارم.

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

computer concepts

Region:

American English

British English

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

information technology

inforˈmation techˌnology noun [uncountable]
(abbreviation IT) the study or use of electronic processes for gathering and storing information and making it available using computers

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

information technology

inforˌmation techˈnology [information technology] noun uncountable (abbr. IT)

the study or use of electronic equipment, especially computers, for storing and analysing information

• Recent advances in information technology have led to important changes in the operation of offices.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

infor ˌ mation tech ˈ nology noun [ U ] ( abbreviation IT )

the science and activity of using computers and other electronic equipment to store and send information

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

information technology
N-UNCOUNT
Information technology is the theory and practice of using computers to store and analyse information.
...the information technology industry.

information technology

noun

mathematics

mathematics [noun]

The study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them

/ˌmæθˈmæt̬.ɪks/

/ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪks/

رياضى‌ (رياضيات‌)

مثال:

A professor of mathematics

استاد ریاضیات

The study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them

معادل فارسی:

رياضى‌ (رياضيات‌)

مثال انگلیسی:

A professor of mathematics

استاد ریاضیات

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

branches and types of mathematics

سطح:

A2 (مبتدی)

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

mathematics

(formal) (British, informal) maths (American, informal) math noun (no plural)
the study of numbers, measurements and shapes:
Maths is my favourite subject.

>> mathematical adjective:
a mathematical problem

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

mathematics

math‧e‧mat‧ics /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks, ˌmæθɪˈmætɪks/ noun [uncountable]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: mathematicus, from Greek, from mathema 'learning, mathematics', from manthanein 'to learn']
the science of numbers and of shapes, including algebra, geometry, and arithmetic

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

mathematics

math·emat·ics [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks] [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks] (formal) (also BrE maths [mæθs] ; [mæθs] ) (also NAmE math [mæθ] ; [mæθ] ) noun

1. uncountable the science of numbers and shapes. Branches of mathematics include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry

• the school mathematics curriculum

2. uncountable + singular or plural verb the process of calculating using numbers

• He worked out the very difficult mathematics in great detail.

Derived Words: mathematical ▪ mathematically

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

mathematics / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪks / / -ˈmæt̬- / noun [ U ] ( UK informal maths , US informal math ) formal

A2 the study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them

→ See also algebra , arithmetic , geometry

mathematical / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪ.k ə l / / -ˈmæt̬- / adjective

a mathematical formula

mathematically / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪ.k ə l.i / / -ˈmæt̬- / adverb

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

mathematics

[mæ̱θəmæ̱tɪks]
1) N-UNCOUNT Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, or shapes.
  Elizabeth studied mathematics and classics.
  ...a professor of mathematics at Boston College.
2) N-UNCOUNT The mathematics of a problem is the calculations that are involved in it.
  Once you understand the mathematics of debt you can work your way out of it.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

mathematics

math·e·mat·ics /ˌmæɵəˈmætɪks/ noun [noncount] : the science of numbers, quantities, and shapes and the relations between them
• Algebra, arithmetic, calculus, geometry, and trigonometry are branches of mathematics.
• She has a degree in mathematics.
• a professor of mathematics
• Mathematics is my favorite subject.
- often used before another noun
• a mathematics teacher
• the mathematics department at the university

American English

British English

branches and types of mathematics

A2 (مبتدی)

mathematics

noun

engineering

engineering [noun]

The work of an engineer, or the study of this work

/ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪr.ɪŋ/

/ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ/

مهندسى‌

مثال:

He has studied mechanical engineering.

او مهندسی مکانیک خوانده است.

The work of an engineer, or the study of this work

معادل فارسی:

رشته‌ى مهندسى‌

مثال انگلیسی:

He has studied mechanical engineering.

او مهندسی مکانیک خوانده است.

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

mechanical engineering

سطح:

B1 (متوسط)

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

engineering

noun (no plural)
planning and making things like machines, roads or bridges:
She's studying chemical engineering at college.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

engineering

en‧gi‧neer‧ing S3 W3 /ˌendʒəˈnɪərɪŋ, ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ $ -ˈnɪr-/ noun [uncountable]
the work involved in designing and building roads, bridges, machines etc
⇨ civil engineering, genetic engineering

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

engineering

en·gin·eer·ing [engineering] [ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ] [ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ] noun uncountable

1. the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building and control of machines, roads, bridges, electrical equipment, etc

• The bridge is a triumph of modern engineering.

compare reverse engineering

2. (also ˌengineering ˈscience) the study of engineering as a subject

• a degree in engineering

see also chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, genetic engineering, mechanical engineering, social engineering

Example Bank:

• The bridge is a fine piece of engineering.

• The building is a remarkable feat of engineering.

• Train services on Sunday will be restricted because of engineering works.

engineer

en·gin·eer [engineer engineers engineered engineering] noun, verb [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)] [ˌendʒɪˈnɪr]

noun

1. a person whose job involves designing and building engines, machines, roads, bridges, etc.

see also chemical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, lighting engineer, mechanical engineer, software engineer, sound engineer

2. a person who is trained to repair machines and electrical equipment

• They're sending an engineer to fix the phone.

3. a person whose job is to control and repair engines, especially on a ship or an aircraft

• a flight engineer

• the chief engineer on a cruise liner

4. (NAmE) (BrE ˈengine driver) a person whose job is driving a railway/railroad engine

5. a soldier trained to design and build military structures

Word Origin:

Middle English (denoting a designer and constructor of fortifications and weapons; formerly also as ingineer): in early use from Old French engigneor, from medieval Latin ingeniator, from ingeniare ‘contrive, devise’, from Latin ingenium ‘talent, device’, from in- ‘in’ + gignere ‘beget’; in later use from French ingénieur or Italian ingegnere, also based on Latin ingenium, with the ending influenced by -eer.

Example Bank:

• We were on the phone with a technical support engineer.

• You need the advice of a qualified engineer.

• engineers who designed and built advanced military aircraft

• a chemical/civil/electrical/mechanical engineer

verb

1. ~ sth (often disapproving) to arrange for sth to happen or take place, especially when this is done secretly in order to give yourself an advantage

Syn: contrive

• She engineered a further meeting with him.

2. usually passive ~ sth to design and build sth

• The car is beautifully engineered and a pleasure to drive.

3. ~ sth to change the genetic structure of sth

Syn: genetically modify

• genetically engineered crops

Word Origin:

Example Bank:

• She carefully engineered a meeting with the chairman.

• The car is superbly engineered and a pleasure to drive.

• This heavier-weight paper is specifically engineered for inkjet printing.

• genetically engineered organisms

• genetically engineered plants

• He had no idea that his downfall had been engineered by his deputy.

• The firm effectively engineered its own takeover.

• They've designed/engineered a new car.

• the men who engineered the tunnel

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

engineering / ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ / / -ˈnɪr.ɪŋ / noun [ U ]

B1 the work of an engineer, or the study of this work:

German/British engineering

Richard studied engineering at Manchester University.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

engineering

[e̱nʤɪnɪ͟ərɪŋ]

N-UNCOUNT
Engineering is the work involved in designing and constructing engines and machinery, or structures such as roads and bridges. Engineering is also the subject studied by people who want to do this work.
→ See also chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, genetic engineering
...the design and engineering of aircraft and space vehicles.
...graduates with degrees in engineering.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

engineering

noun (no plural)
planning and making things like machines, roads or bridges:
She's studying chemical engineering at college.

American English

British English

mechanical engineering

B1 (متوسط)

engineering

noun

education

education [noun]

The process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this

/ˌedʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌedʒ.uˈkeɪ.ʃən/

آموزش‌، تعليم‌ و تربيت‌

مثال:

Adult education

آموزش‌ بزرگسالان‌

The process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this

معادل فارسی:

آموزش‌، تعليم‌ و تربيت‌

مثال انگلیسی:

Adult education

آموزش‌ بزرگسالان‌

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

سطح:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

education

noun (no plural)
teaching somebody at a school or college:
He had a good education.
Education is extremely important.

>> educational adjective:
an educational video

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

education

ed‧u‧ca‧tion S1 W1 /ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃən $ ˌedʒə-/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: noun: education, educationalist, educationist, educator; adjective: educated ≠ uneducated, educational, educable ≠ ineducable, educative; verb: educate; adverb: educationally]
1. [singular, uncountable] the process of teaching and learning, usually at school, college, or university:
She also hopes her children will get a good education.
efforts to improve girls’ access to education ⇨ formal education at formal1(6)
2. [uncountable] the teaching of a particular subject
health/sex education
3. [uncountable] the institutions and people involved with teaching:
the local education authority
4. [singular] an interesting experience which has taught you something – often used humorously:
Having Jimmy to stay has been quite an education!
⇨ adult education, further education, higher education
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + education
▪ a good education All parents want a good education for their children.
▪ a poor education (=not very good) She had a poor education, and left school without qualifications.
▪ an all-round education (=including a balance of lots of different subjects) The school offers a good all-round education.
▪ full-time education (=spending every weekday in a school or college) Children must stay in full-time education until the age of 16.
▪ state education British English, public education American English (=provided by the government of a country) The state of California guarantees free public education to all children.
▪ private education (=that people have to pay for) I don't agree with the principle of private education.
▪ formal education (=from teachers at school or college, rather than learning by yourself) She had no formal education and was brought up by her grandmother.
▪ primary (school) education British English, elementary education American English (=for children aged between 5 and 11) The government has announced plans to improve the quality of primary school education.
▪ secondary education (also high school education American English) (=for children aged between 11 and 18) She hopes to start a teaching career in secondary education.
▪ university/college education Do you have a university education?
▪ further/higher education (=at a college or university) I did a carpentry course at the further education college.
▪ adult education (=for adults) They run adult education classes at the local community college.
▪ vocational education (=relating to skills needed for a particular job) We offer vocational education and job training.
▪ nursery/pre-school education (=for children aged under 5) The funding will provide nursery education for all four-year-olds.
■ verbs
▪ have an education The women have had little education.
▪ get/receive an education Some children grow up without receiving any education.
▪ give/provide an education The school aims to provide a good general education.
▪ enter education (=start going to school, college etc) The number of students entering higher education has risen.
▪ leave education British English (=stop going to school, college etc) She left full-time education at the age of 16.
▪ continue your education I hope to continue my education after high school.
■ education + NOUN
▪ the education system (=the way education is organized and managed in a country) Is the British education system failing some children?
▪ the education department (=the government organization that makes decisions about education) Newcastle City Council’s education department
▪ an education authority (=a government organization that makes official decisions about education in one particular area) The school is funded by the local education authority.
▪ the education service (=all the government organizations that work together to provide education) There are plans to expand the adult education service.
▪ education policy (=political plans for managing an education system) The teaching unions are calling for the government to review its education policy.
▪ education reform (=changes that a government makes to the education system in a country) the government’s programme of education reform

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

education

edu·ca·tion [education educations] [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] noun
1. uncountable, singular a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills
• primary/elementary education
• secondary education
• further/higher/post-secondary education
• students in full-time education
• adult education classes
• a college/university education
• the state education system
• a man of little education

• She completed her formal education in 1995.

2. uncountable, singular a particular kind of teaching or training
• health education
• an alcohol education programme (= to warn of the dangers of alcohol)

• Patient education is important to minimize the risk of a second heart attack.

3. (also Education) uncountable the institutions or people involved in teaching and training
• the Education Department
• the Department of Health, Education and Welfare

• There should be closer links between education and industry.

4. (usually Education) uncountable the subject of study that deals with how to teach
• a College of Education
• a Bachelor of Education degree

• She's an education major.

5. singular (often humorous) an interesting experience that teaches you sth
• The rock concert was quite an education for my parents!
Word Origin:
mid 16th cent.: from Latin educatio(n-), from the verb educare, related to educere ‘lead out’, from e- (variant of ex-) ‘out’ + ducere ‘to lead’.
Thesaurus:
education noun U, sing.
• He had little formal education.
teaching • • training • • learning • • study • |BrE coaching • |especially AmE tutoring • |formal schooling • • instruction • • tuition •
education/teaching/training/coaching/tutoring/schooling/instruction/tuition in sth
public/state education/schooling
private education/teaching/study/coaching/tutoring/schooling/tuition
have/get/receive (an) education/training/coaching/tutoring/instruction/tuition
Collocations:
Education
Learning
acquire/get/lack (an) education/training/(BrE) (some) qualifications
receive/provide sb with training/tuition
develop/design/plan a curriculum/(especially BrE) course/(NAmE) program/syllabus
give/go to/attend a class/lesson/lecture/seminar
hold/run/conduct a class/seminar/workshop
sign up for/take a course/classes/lessons
School
go to/start preschool/kindergarten/nursery school
be in the first, second, etc. (NAmE) grade/(especially BrE) year (at school)
study/take/drop history/chemistry/German, etc.
(BrE) leave/finish/drop out of/ (NAmE) quit school
(NAmE) graduate high school/college
Problems at school
be the victim/target of bullying
(BrE) play truant from/ (both BrE, informal) bunk off/skive off school (= not go to school when you should)
(both especially NAmE) skip/cut class/school
(BrE) cheat in/(NAmE) cheat on an exam/a test
get/be given a detention (for doing sth)
be expelled from/be suspended from school
Work and exams
do your homework/(BrE) revision/a project on sth
work on/write/do/submit an essay/a dissertation/a thesis/an assignment/(NAmE) a paper
finish/complete your dissertation/thesis/studies/coursework
hand in/ (NAmE) turn in your homework/essay/assignment/paper
study/prepare/ (BrE) revise/ (NAmE) review/ (NAmE, informal) cram for a test/an exam
take/ (both BrE) do/sit a test/an exam
(especially BrE) mark/ (especially NAmE) grade homework/a test
(BrE) do well in/ (NAmE) do well on/ (informal, especially NAmE) ace a test/an exam
pass/fail/ (informal, especially NAmE) flunk a test/an exam/a class/a course/a subject
University
apply to/get into/go to/start college/(BrE) university
leave/graduate from law school/college/(BrE) university (with a degree in computer science)
study for/take/ (BrE) do/complete a law degree/a degree in physics
(both NAmE) major/minor in biology/philosophy
earn/receive/be awarded/get/have/hold a master's degree/a bachelor's degree/a PhD in economics
Example Bank:
• 41% had some post-secondary education.
• Although he had had little formal education, he could read and write well.
• He received a classical education.
• He was at a disadvantage because of the poor education he had received.
• He went to America to complete his education.
• He'd received an excellent general education in Poland.
• How well a child does at school is influenced by the level of parental education.
• Many people lack the education and training that is needed for these jobs.
• Nigeria committed itself to universal primary education.
• No one is denied an education because they are poor in this country.
• Researchers have found that single-sex education may benefit girls.
• She brought up two children while pursuing a college education.
• She went to college to continue her education.
• Technology allows distance education to occur at all levels.
• The council has launched a new health education campaign.
• The project seeks to improve education for students.
• The school provides an excellent all-round education.
• There are additional education requirements for nurses on this course.
• They set up an account to fund their daughter's education.
• They want to broaden their research and education activities.
• We acquire much of our world knowledge through education.
• We need to invest in the higher education sector.
• a college of further education
• a policy that has been adopted by the entire education community
• adult education courses
• children in early education settings
• education about danger on the roads
• efforts to improve education standards
• funds provided by the local education authority
• parents who choose private education for their children
• students entering higher education
• the party's policy on comprehensive education
• young people who are just leaving full-time education
• Education about HIV and other preventable diseases needs to improve.
• Elementary education is excellent in this area.
• Every child in the country needs to be provided with a first-class education.
• He had little formal education.
• In those days it was very difficult for poorer people to get a university education.
• It is only through education that prejudice can be overcome.
• Only about 40% of girls in the poorer areas of the country have access to primary education.
• Parents are beginning to wake up to the importance of pre-school education.
• Sex education in schools needs to be improved.
• The government is planning major reforms in the education system.
• There needs to be more money going into state education.
• We have a thriving continuing education department.
• Where did he go to for his secondary education?

• Will she go on to higher education?

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

education / ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n / noun [ S or U ]

B1 the process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this:

As a child he received most of his education at home.

It's a country which places great importance on education.

She lectures in education (= the study of education) at the teacher training college.

It's important for children to get a good education.

Word partners for education

get / have / receive an education • a good education • be in education • an education authority / service / system

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

education

[e̱ʤʊke͟ɪʃ(ə)n]
♦♦
educations
1) N-VAR Education involves teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college, or being taught.
  They're cutting funds for education...
  Paul prolonged his education with six years of advanced study in English.
  ...a man with little education.
2) N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp Education of a particular kind involves teaching the public about a particular issue.
  ...better health education.
3) → See also adult education, further education, higher education

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

education

ed·u·ca·tion /ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən/ noun, pl -tions
1 a [noncount] : the action or process of teaching someone especially in a school, college, or university
• The school is devoted to the education of children with reading difficulties.
- see also adult education, higher education, physical education
b : the knowledge, skill, and understanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university

[count]

• a college education
• She received her education at private schools.
• The applicants had comparable educations.

[noncount]

• He had little formal education. [=schooling]
2 [noncount] : a field of study that deals with the methods and problems of teaching
• She earned her master's degree in education.
• a school of education

psychology

psychology [noun]

The study of the mind and how it affects behaviour

/saɪˈkɑː.lə.dʒi/

/saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/

روان‌شناسى

مثال:

An expert in psychology

یک کارشناس روانشناسی

The study of the mind and how it affects behaviour

معادل فارسی:

روان‌شناسى

مثال انگلیسی:

An expert in psychology

یک کارشناس روانشناسی

سطح، موضوع و برچسب

موضوع:

science of psychology and psychoanalysis

سطح:

B2 (بالای متوسط)

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

psychology

noun (no plural)
the study of the mind and how it works

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

psychology

psy‧chol‧o‧gy W3 AC /saɪˈkɒlədʒi $ -ˈkɑː-/ noun (plural psychologies)
[Word Family: noun: psychology, psychologist; adverb: psychologically; adjective: psychological]
1. [uncountable] the study of the mind and how it influences people’s behaviour
  educational/social etc psychology
   • experts in the field of developmental psychology
2. [uncountable] the mental processes involved in believing in something or doing a certain activity
  psychology of
   • research into the psychology of racism
3. [uncountable and countable] what someone thinks or believes, and how this affects what they do:
   • the psychology of three-year-olds
   • mob psychology
   • You have to use psychology to get people to stop smoking.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

psychology

psych·ology AW [psychology psychologies] [saɪˈkɒlədʒi] [saɪˈkɑːlədʒi] noun

1. uncountable the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour

• social/educational/child psychology

compare pop psychology

2. singular the kind of mind that sb has that makes them think or behave in a particular way

• the psychology of small boys

3. singular how the mind influences behaviour in a particular area of life

• the psychology of interpersonal relationships

Word Origin:

late 17th cent.: from modern Latin psychologia (see psycho-, -logy).

Example Bank:

• The answers we give will reflect our own psychology.

• Watching the shoppers at the sales gave her a first-hand insight into crowd psychology.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

psychology

psychology /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/ US /-ˈkɑː.lə-/
noun [U]
the scientific study of the way the human mind works and how it influences behaviour, or the influence of a particular person's character on their behaviour:
She studied psychology at Harvard.
a lecturer in psychology
child psychology
the psychology of the soldier
Compare psychiatry.

psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ US /-kəˈlɑː.dʒɪ-/
adjective
1 relating to the human mind and feelings:
psychological problems
He claims that the constant aircraft noise has a bad psychological effect on the residents.
We are concerned with the physical and psychological well-being of our employees.

2 (of an illness or other physical problem) caused by anxiety or sadness:
I suspect his headaches are purely psychological.

3 [before noun] describes a film or book in which there is a lot of attention given to the way people influence each other's behaviour:
a psychological thriller

psychologically /ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kli/ US /-kəˈlɑː.dʒɪ-/
adverb
psychologically disturbed

psychologist /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ US /-ˈ
noun [C]
someone who studies the human mind and human emotions and behaviour, and how different situations have an effect on them:
a child psychologist
an educational psychologist
She spent 15 years as a clinical psychologist with the Northumberland Health Authority.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

psychology

[saɪkɒ̱ləʤi]
1) N-UNCOUNT Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and the reasons for people's behaviour.
...Professor of Psychology at Bedford College.
2) N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n The psychology of a person is the kind of mind that they have, which makes them think or behave in the way that they do.
...a fascination with the psychology of murderers.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

psychology

psy·chol·o·gy /saɪˈkɑːləʤi/ noun, pl -gies
1 [noncount] : the science or study of the mind and behavior
• She studied psychology in college.
2 : the way a person or group thinks

[noncount]

• the psychology of an athlete
• mob psychology
• the psychology of crowd behavior

[count]

• We need to understand the psychologies of the two people involved in the incident.

- see also reverse psychology

American English

British English

science of psychology and psychoanalysis

B2 (بالای متوسط)

psychology

noun

medicine

The study and practice of treating or preventing illnesses and injuries

/ˈmed.ɪ.sən/

پزشكى‌، طب‌

مثال:

doctor of medicine

Oxford Essential Dictionary

medicine

noun

1 (no plural) the science of understanding illnesses and making sick people well again:
He's studying medicine.

2 (plural medicines) special liquids or pills that help you to get better when you are ill:
Take this medicine every morning.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

medicine

medi‧cine S2 W3 /ˈmedsən $ ˈmedəsən/ noun
[Word Family: noun: medical, medication, medicine, medic; adjective: medical, medicated, medicinal; adverb: medically, medicinally]
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin medicina, from medicus; ⇨ medical]
1. [uncountable and countable] a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drink:
   • Medicines should be kept out of the reach of children.
   • Have you been taking your medicine?
   • a medicine bottle
  medicine chest/cabinet (=for keeping medicine in)
   ► Do not say that you ‘drink medicine’. Say that you take medicine.
2. [uncountable] the treatment and study of illnesses and injuries:
   • She studied medicine at Johns Hopkins University.
   • the remarkable achievements of modern medicine
3. the best medicine the best way of making you feel better when you are sad:
   • Laughter is the best medicine.
4. give somebody a dose/taste of their own medicine to treat someone as badly as they have treated you
5. take your medicine (like a man) to accept an unpleasant situation or a punishment that you deserve, without complaining
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS(for Meaning 2)■ adjectives

   ▪ modern medicine (=medicine based on science) • Thanks to modern medicine, these babies will survive.
   ▪ conventional/orthodox medicine (=ordinary modern medicine) • Some sufferers reject conventional medicine.
   ▪ Western medicine (=conventional medicine as developed in Western countries) • the scientific basis of Western medicine
   ▪ traditional medicine (=medical treatments that were used before modern medicine) • The plant was used in traditional medicine for the treatment of stomach problems.
   ▪ alternative/complementary medicine (=medical treatments that are not part of modern medicine) • Various types of alternative medicine, particularly acupuncture, can give pain relief.
   ▪ herbal medicine (=medical treatments that use herbs) • In ancient China, herbal medicine was often used with acupuncture.
   ▪ holistic medicine (=medical treatment of a whole person, not just a particular illness) • One principle of holistic medicine is that each person is unique.
   ▪ folk medicine (=medical treatments that were used by ordinary people, especially in the past) • Researchers are looking at plants that are commonly used in folk medicine.
   ▪ Chinese medicine (=medical treatments that are traditional in China, for example using herbs and acupuncture) • Acupuncture is part of traditional Chinese medicine.
   ▪ geriatric/veterinary/tropical etc medicine (=medical study relating to specific groups or types of illness) • Advances have been made in veterinary medicine, so that our pets are living longer, healthier lives.
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ medicine noun [uncountable and countable] a substance used for treating illness: • Certain medicines should not be taken with alcohol. | • Has he taken his medicine?
   ▪ pill noun [countable] a small piece of medicine that you swallow: • She managed to swallow the pill with a sip of water. | • The doctor gave him some pills. | • sleeping pills | • diet pills | • contraceptive pills
   ▪ tablet noun [countable] especially British English a small piece of solid medicine: • She's now on four tablets a day. | • a five-day course of tablets | • sleeping tablets | • anti-malaria tablets
   ▪ antibiotics/aspirin/codeine etc: • The doctor put him on a course of antibiotics. | • Why don’t you take some aspirin? | • The tablets contain codeine, which is unsuitable for people with asthma.
   ▪ capsule noun [countable] a small tube-shaped container with medicine inside that you swallow whole: • a bottle of 500 capsules of vitamin C | • I advised her to take four to six garlic capsules a day for the duration of the treatment.
   ▪ caplet noun [countable] a small smooth pill that is slightly longer than it is wide - used especially on bottles and containers: • In small type, the consumer is warned not to take more than one caplet per day.
   ▪ eye/ear drops liquid medicine that you put into your eye or ear: • Remember — if you 're using eye drops for your hay fever, leave your contact lenses out.
   ▪ cream noun [uncountable and countable] especially British English (also lotion especially American English) a thick smooth substance containing medicine, that you put on your skin: • an antibiotic cream | • antiseptic cream | • skin cream
   ▪ drug noun [countable] a medicine or a substance for making medicines: • a drug used to treat malaria | • There are a wide range of different drugs on the market.
   ▪ dosage noun [countable usually singular] the amount of medicine that you should take at one time: • The dosage should be reduced to 0.5 mg. | • It’s important to get the dosage right.
   ▪ medication noun [uncountable and countable] medicine or drugs given to someone who is ill: • He takes medication for his diabetes. | • She’s on medication (=taking medication), having suffered from depression for a number of years.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

medicine

medi·cine [medicine medicines] [ˈmedsn] [ˈmedsn] [ˈmedɪsn] [ˈmedɪsn] noun

1. uncountable the study and treatment of diseases and injuries

• advances in modern medicine

• to study/practise medicine

• traditional/conventional/orthodox medicine

• alternative medicine

see also Ayurvedic medicine, defensive medicine

2. uncountable, countable a substance, especially a liquid that you drink or swallow in order to cure an illness

• Did you take your medicine?

• cough medicine

• Chinese herbal medicines

Idioms: best medicine ▪ dose of your own medicine

Word Origin:

Middle English: via Old French from Latin medicina, from medicus ‘physician’.

Thesaurus:

medicine noun

1. U

• He is qualified in traditional Chinese medicine.

treatment • • therapy • • medical care •

(a/an) alternative/orthodox/conventional medicine/treatment/therapy

2. U, C

• Have you taken your medicine?

drug • • medication • • remedy • • antidote • • prescription • • cure •

(a/an) medicine/drug/medication/remedy/antidote/prescription/cure for sth

prescribe medicine/drugs/medication/a remedy/a cure

take your medicine/your medication/a remedy/the antidote

Medicine, drug or medication? Drug emphasizes what the substance is made of; medicine and medication emphasize what it is used for.

Collocations:

Illnesses

Becoming ill

catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug

get (BrE) ill/(NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

come down with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu

contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS

be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV

develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis

have a heart attack/a stroke

provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction

block/burst/rupture a blood vessel

damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon

Being ill

feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy

be running (BrE) a temperature/(NAmE) a fever

have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(BrE) a high temperature/(NAmE) a fever

suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder

be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover

battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism

Treatments

examine a patient

diagnose a condition/disease/disorder

be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia

prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics

treat sb for cancer/depression/shock

have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer

have/be given an injection/(BrE) a flu jab/(NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray

cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient

prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs

be vaccinated against the flu/(BrE) flu/the measles/(BrE) measles/polio/smallpox

enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease

Example Bank:

• She believed private medicine was a threat to the existence of the National Health Service.

• She gave up general medicine to specialize in geriatric medicine.

• a bottle of cough medicine

• medicine for a chest infection

• people practising alternative medicine

• qualified in traditional Chinese medicine

• Food and medicines are being airlifted to the flood-hit area.

• Have you taken your medicine?

• She gave me a dose of cough medicine.

• She went on to practise medicine after completing her studies.

• Supplies of medicine are hard to get hold of during times of war.

• Which branch of medicine are you going to train in?

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

medicine

medicine (SUBSTANCE) /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/
noun [C or U]
a substance, especially in the form of a liquid or a pill, which is a treatment for illness or injury:
cough medicine
Take two spoonfuls of medicine at mealtimes.
She knows quite a lot about herbal medicines.

medicinal /məˈdɪs.ɪ.nəl/
adjective
Medicinal substances are used to cure illnesses:
I keep a bottle of brandy purely for medicinal purposes.
It is said that the spring water has medicinal properties.

medicinally /məˈdɪs.ɪ.nə.li/
adverb

medicine (TREATMENT) /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/
noun [U]
treatment for illness or injury, or the study of this:
paediatric/preventative medicine
orthodox/Western medicine
a career in medicine
She is a doctor, but is unable to practise medicine (= work as a doctor) in her own country.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

medicine

[me̱ds(ə)n, AM me̱dɪsɪn]

medicines
1) N-UNCOUNT Medicine is the treatment of illness and injuries by doctors and nurses.
  He pursued a career in medicine...
  I was interested in alternative medicine and becoming an aromatherapist...
  Psychiatry is an accepted branch of medicine.
2) N-MASS Medicine is a substance that you drink or swallow in order to cure an illness.
  People in hospitals are dying because of shortage of medicine.
  ...herbal medicines.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

medicine

med·i·cine /ˈmɛdəsən, Brit ˈmɛdsən/ noun, pl -cines
1 : a substance that is used in treating disease or relieving pain and that is usually in the form of a pill or a liquid

[count]

• a cough medicine
• herbal medicines
• He forgot to take his medicine.

[noncount]

• I took some medicine.
• Did you look in the medicine cabinet/chest for a pain reliever?
2 [noncount] : the science that deals with preventing, curing, and treating diseases
• Their research has led to many important advances in modern medicine.
• She's interested in a career in medicine.
• the practice/study of medicine
• preventive medicine
- see also internal medicine, socialized medicine, sports medicine, western medicine
a taste/dose of your own medicine informal : harsh or unpleasant treatment that is like the treatment you have given other people
• The movie is about a playboy who gets a taste of his own medicine when the girl he falls in love with jilts him for another guy.
take your medicine informal : to accept something that is unpleasant because it is necessary and cannot be avoided
• If he loses the case, he should just take his medicine and stop complaining.

American English

British English

describing medical treatment generally

B1 (متوسط)

medicine

noun

فرم جستجو

British English

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