noun

0

modification

modification [noun] (CHANGE)

a change to something, usually to improve it

US /ˌmɑː.də.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 
UK /ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 

تغییر ناچیز

مثال: 

“No further modification is allowed to be made to the ultimate plan” the director announced.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

modification

mod‧i‧fi‧ca‧tion AC /ˌmɒdəfəˈkeɪʃən, ˌmɒdɪfəˈkeɪʃən $ ˌmɑː-/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: verb: ↑modify; noun: ↑modification; adjective: modified ≠ UNMODIFIED]
1. [countable] a small change made in something such as a design, plan, or system SYN alteration
modification to
We’ve made one or two modifications to the original design.
They have used the same process for almost 50 years with only minor modifications.
2. [uncountable and countable] the act of modifying something, or the process of being modified SYN alteration
modification of
The review resulted in the modification of our security procedures.
modification in
Knowledge of the ill effects of tobacco has led to a modification in smoking behaviour.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meanings 1 & 2)
■ verbs
▪ make a modification I made some modifications to the filing system.
▪ need modification (also require modification formal) Some of the older power stations urgently needed modification.
▪ undergo modification (=be changed) The policy has undergone considerable modification since it was first introduced.
▪ incorporate a modification (=include a modification in something) I've incorporated a few modifications into the program.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + modification
▪ a minor/slight modification (=a small modification) The document needed a few slight modifications.
▪ a major modification They made major modifications to the house to allow him to use his wheelchair.
▪ extensive modifications (=a lot of changes) They had made extensive modifications to the script.
▪ considerable/substantial modification (=when something is changed a lot) The existing system needed substantial modification.
▪ genetic modification (=when the DNA of a living thing is changed) the genetic modification of plants and animals
▪ behaviour modification (=when someone changes their behaviour) A star chart, in which you give a star to a child as a reward, is a simple behaviour modification technique.
▪ lifestyle modification (=when someone changes the way they live) Lifestyle modification is the best way of dealing with moderately high blood pressure.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

modification

modi·fi·ca·tion AW [modification modifications]   [ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]    [ˌmɑːdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]  noun uncountable, countable ~ (of/to/in sth)
the act or process of changing sth in order to improve it or make it more acceptable; a change that is made
Syn:  adaptation
• Considerable modification of the existing system is needed.
• It might be necessary to make a few slight modifications to the design.  
Word Origin:
late 15th cent. (in Scots law, denoting the assessment of a payment): from French, or from Latin modificatio(n-), from modificare, from modus ‘measure’, from an Indo-European root shared by mete.  
Example Bank:
• A modification in the law has not led to an increase in prosecutions.
• The design requires considerable modification.
• The original plan had undergone fairly extensive modifications.
• These bikes are designed for racing and cannot be used on the road without modification.
• We need to make a few modifications to the proposals.
• a modification in smoking behaviour among older men

• people opposed to the genetic modification of plants

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

modification / ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n /   / ˌmɑː.dɪ- / noun [ C or U ] (CHANGE)

C1 a change to something, usually to improve it:

Modification of the engine to run on lead-free fuel is fairly simple.

A couple of modifications and the speech will be perfect.
 

modification / ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n /   / ˌmɑː.dɪ- / noun [ U ] specialized (LANGUAGE)

the fact of a word acting as a modifier of another

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

modification

mod·i·fi·ca·tion /ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃən/ noun, pl -tions
1 [noncount] : the act or process of changing parts of something : the act or process of modifying something
• The program can be used on all computers without modification.
- often + of
• The bad weather required modification of our travel plans.
2 [count] : a change in something (such as a system or style)
• They passed the law with only a few minor/slight/small modifications.
• The weather required some major/minor modifications to our travel plans.
- often + of or to
• A few modifications of the design might be necessary.
• We made some modifications to the original plan.

American English
British English
adapting and modifying
C1 (پیشرفته)
noun
0

seed

seed [noun] (PLANT)

a small, round, or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow

US /siːd/ 
UK /siːd/ 

(به‌ ويژه‌ گياه‌) تخم‌، بذر، منج‌، دانه‌

مثال: 

Sow the seeds about three centimetres deep.

Related quotes: 
Dreams are the seeds of change. Nothing ever grows without a seed, and nothing ever changes without a dream.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

seed

 noun
the small hard part of a plant from which a new plant grows

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

seed

I. seed1 S3 W3 /siːd/ BrE AmE noun
[Language: Old English; Origin: sæd]
1. PLANTS
a) [uncountable and countable] a small hard object produced by plants, from which a new plant of the same kind grows:
a packet of sunflower seeds
plant/sow seeds (=put them in the soil)
Sow the seeds one inch deep in the soil.
grow something from seed
We grew all our tomatoes from seed.
b) [uncountable] a quantity of seeds:
Some of the poorest farmers don’t have enough money to buy seed.
2.
IN FRUIT [countable] American English one of the small hard objects in a fruit such as an apple or orange, from which new fruit trees grow SYN pip British English
3. seeds of something written something that makes a new situation start to grow and develop
seeds of change/victory
The seeds of change in Eastern Europe were beginning to emerge.
seeds of doubt/disaster/destruction etc (=something which makes a bad feeling or situation develop)
Something Lucy said began to sow seeds of doubt in his mind.
4. go/run to seed
a) if a plant or vegetable goes or runs to seed, it starts producing flowers and seeds as well as leaves
b) if someone or something goes or runs to seed, they become less attractive or good, especially because they are getting old and have not been properly looked after:
The old central bus station is going to seed.
5. number one/two/three etc seed [countable] a player or team in a competition that is given a particular position, according to how likely they are to win:
He’s been top seed for the past two years.
6. SEX [uncountable] biblical ↑semen or ↑sperm – often used humorously
7. FAMILY [uncountable] biblical the group of people who have a particular person as their father, grandfather etc, especially when they form a particular race
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ verbs
▪ plant/sow seeds (=put them in the soil) Sow the seeds in trays or pots.
▪ grow something from seed (=grow a plant from a seed rather than buying it as a small plant) You can grow most vegetables from seed.
▪ seeds germinate (=start to grow) The seeds should start to germinate after a few days.
■ NOUN + seed
▪ flower/sunflower/tomato etc seeds I bought a packet of poppy seeds.
▪ grass seed You can sprinkle grass seed over any gaps in the lawn.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

seed

seed [seed seeds seeded seeding] noun, verb   [siːd]    [siːd]

noun

OF PLANTS/FRUIT
1. countable, uncountable the small hard part produced by a plant, from which a new plant can grow
• a packet of wild flower seeds
• sesame seeds
• Sow the seeds outdoors in spring.
• These vegetables can be grown from seed.
• seed potatoes (= used for planting)

see also  birdseed

2. countable (NAmE) =  pip  (2) 

BEGINNING
3. countable, usually plural ~ (of sth) the beginning of a feeling or a development which continues to grow
• the seeds of rebellion

• This planted the seeds of doubt in my mind.  

IN TENNIS

4. countable (especially in tennis) one of the best players in a competition. The seeds are given a position in a list to try and make sure that they do not play each other in the early parts of the competition
• The top seed won comfortably.

• the number one seed  

OF A MAN

 

5. uncountable (old-fashioned or humorous)  semen

6. uncountable (literary) all the people who are the children, grandchildren, etc. of one man
more at sow the seeds of sth at  sow  v.  
Word Origin:
Old English sǣd, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zaad, German Saat, also to sow1.  
Collocations:
The living world
Animals
animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on sth)
fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs)
birds fly/migrate/nest/sing
insects crawl/fly/bite/sting
insects/bees/locusts swarm
bees collect/gather nectar/pollen
spiders spin/weave a web
snakes/lizards shed their skins
bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate
insect larvae grow/develop/pupate
an egg/a chick/a larva hatches
attract/find/choose a mate
produce/release eggs/sperm
lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs
inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast
mark/enter/defend (a) territory
stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey
Plants and fungi
trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower
a seed germinates/sprouts
leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form
flower buds swell/open
a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes sth
pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant
produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores
produce/bear fruit
develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves
provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients
perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis
Bacteria and viruses
bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply
bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on sth
bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize sth/cause disease
bacteria break sth down/convert sth (into sth)
a virus enters/invades sth/the body
a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself)
be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria
contain/carry/harbour (especially US) harbor bacteria/a virus
kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria 
Example Bank:
• Cutting weeds before they go to seed will greatly reduce future weed problems.
• Each fruit usually contains a single seed.
• He argued that capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction.
• Most seeds are spread by the wind.
• Peel the peppers and remove the seeds.
• She grew all the broccoli plants from seed.
• She was the top seed at the US Open this year.
• The catalogue has hundreds of different varieties of seeds.
• The plant will set seed in June.
• This tree produces very hard seeds.
• Venus Williams was the top seed at Wimbledon this year.
• the transformation of Tracy from good girl to bad seed
• I bought some seeds to plant in the garden.
• She hesitated, not wishing to sow the seeds of rebellion.
• Sow the seeds outdoors in spring.
• Those vegetables can be grown from seed.
• You can buy seed potatoes from garden centres or by mail order.
• apple/orange seeds
• coriander/cumin/mustard/poppy/pumpkin/sesame/sunflower seeds

Idiom: go to seed 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

seed / siːd / noun (PLANT)

B2 [ C or U ] a small, round, or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow:

Sow the seeds (= put them in the ground) about three centimetres deep.

The chemical will stop all seeds from sprouting (= starting to grow) .

The farmers grow these crops for seed (= for planting to grow more crops, rather than for eating) .

[ U ] literary →  semen go/run to seed If a food plant goes or runs to seed, it produces flowers and seeds because it has not been picked early enough:

In hot weather lettuces can suddenly run to seed.

If a person or place goes or runs to seed, their physical appearance becomes worse because no one cares for them:

After he retired, he really went to seed.
 

seed / siːd / noun (BEGINNING)

C2 [ C usually plural ] the cause of a feeling or situation, or the early stages of it:

The seeds of friendship were sown early, and they remained lifelong companions.

He may be sowing the seeds of his own destruction in the long term by using violence against his own people.
 

seed / siːd / noun [ C ] (SPORT)

especially in tennis, a good player who is given a place on the list of those expected to win games in a particular competition because of the way they have played in the past:

Turner's opponent in the quarter-finals of the darts is the number one seed.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

seed

[si͟ːd]
 ♦♦
 seeds, seeding, seeded
 1) N-VAR A seed is the small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant grows.
  ...a packet of cabbage seed...
  I sow the seed in pots of soil-based compost.
  ...sunflower seeds.
 2) VERB If you seed a piece of land, you plant seeds in it.
  [V n] Men mowed the wide lawns and seeded them...
  [V pron-refl] The primroses should begin to seed themselves down the steep hillside.
  [V-ed] ...his newly seeded lawns.
  Syn:
  sow
 3) N-PLURAL: N of n You can refer to the seeds of something when you want to talk about the beginning of a feeling or process that gradually develops and becomes stronger or more important. [LITERARY]
  He raised questions meant to plant seeds of doubts in the minds of jurors...
  He considered that there were, in these developments, the seeds of a new moral order.
 4) N-COUNT: usu supp N, oft ord/num N In sports such as tennis or badminton, a seed is a player who has been ranked according to his or her ability. [TECHNICAL]
  ...Pete Sampras, Wimbledon's top seed and the world No.1...
  In the final Capriati, the third seed, defeated Katerina Maleeva.
 5) VERB: usu passive When a player or a team is seeded in a sports competition, they are ranked according to their ability. [TECHNICAL]
  [be V-ed adv/prep] In the UEFA Cup the top 16 sides are seeded for the first round...
  [be V-ed adv/prep] He now meets Richey Reneberg, seeded eight...
  [V-ed] The top four seeded nations are through to the semi-finals.
  Syn:
  ranked
 6) PHRASE: V inflects If vegetable plants go to seed or run to seed, they produce flowers and seeds as well as leaves.
  If unused, winter radishes run to seed in spring.
 7) PHRASE: V inflects If you say that someone or something has gone to seed or run to seed, you mean that they have become much less attractive, healthy, or efficient.
  He says the economy has gone to seed...
  He was a big man in his forties; once he had a lot of muscle but now he was running to seed.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1seed /ˈsiːd/ noun, pl seeds
1 : a small object produced by a plant from which a new plant can grow

[count]

• a packet of sunflower seeds
• He planted/sowed the seeds three inches apart.
• (US) apple/orange seeds [=(Brit) pips]

[noncount]

• She raked the grass seed into the soil.
• She grows her plants from seed. [=by planting seeds rather than by some other method]
- see color picture 
2 [count] : the beginning of something which continues to develop or grow
• Her comment planted/sowed a seed of doubt in his mind. [=caused him to begin to have doubts]
• The government's policies planted/sowed the seeds of war/destruction. [=created a situation that led to war/destruction]
3 [count] : a player or team that is ranked as one of the best in a competition (such as a tennis tournament) in order to be sure that the best players or teams do not play against each other in the early part of the competition
• The top seed won the tournament.
• Our team is the number one seed.
• She is ranked as the third seed.
4 [noncount]
a literary : all the children, grandchildren, etc., of a particular man
• the seed of Abraham
b old-fashioned + humorous : a man's semen
• a man spreading his seed [=fathering many children]
go to seed or run to seed
1 : to produce seeds
• The flowers will go to seed and spread.
• The plant runs to seed rapidly in hot weather.
2 : to become less attractive, effective, etc., because of age or lack of care
• He let himself go to seed after he lost his job.

American English
British English
fruits and seeds and their parts
B2 (بالای متوسط)
noun
0

bike

bike [noun]

a bicycle

US /baɪk/ 
UK /baɪk/ 

دوچرخه

مثال: 

It would be better for the environment if more people used bikes rather than cars.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

bike

 noun (informal)
a bicycle or a motorbike:
I go to school by bike.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

bike

I. bike1 S2 /baɪk/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1800-1900; Origin: bicycle]
1. a bicycle:
Let’s go for a bike ride.
by bike
They’ll be coming by bike.
2. informal a ↑motorcycle
3. on your bike! British English spoken used to tell someone rudely to go away
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ verbs
▪ go somewhere by bike I usually go to work by bike.
▪ ride a bike Her Dad taught her to ride a bike and to drive.
▪ get on/off a bike He got off his bike and walked with her for a while.
▪ rent a bike (also hire a bike British English) You can rent bikes and explore the island's cycle paths.
■ types of bike
▪ a mountain bike (=a strong bicycle for riding over rough ground) They went out for a country ride on their mountain bikes.
▪ a racing bike He bought a cool new racing bike.
▪ an exercise bike (=used for exercising indoors) I usually go on the exercise bike and the rowing machine.
■ bike + NOUN
▪ a bike ride We used to go for long bike rides in the summer holidays.
▪ a bike race The Tour de France is a famous bike race.
▪ a bike shed They used to meet behind the bike sheds at school.
▪ a bike rack (=a metal frame that you can attach your bike to) All stations should provide bike racks for passengers.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

bike

bike [bike bikes biked biking] noun, verb   [baɪk]    [baɪk] 

noun
(informal)
1. a bicycle
• She got on her bike and rode off.
• I usually go to work by bike.

see also  mountain bike, pushbike, quad bike

2. a motorcycle 
Word Origin:
late 19th cent.: abbreviation.  
Example Bank:
• He got on his bike and rode off.
• She came off her bike when it skidded on some wet leaves.
• She pedalled her bike up the track.
• She tried to pedal her bike up the track.
• We had to push our bikes up the hill.
• We watched the boys on their bikes.
Idiom: on your bike!

Derived Word: biking 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

bike / baɪk / noun [ C ]

A1 a bicycle:

It would be better for the environment if more people used bikes rather than cars.

My youngest child is learning to ride a bike.

B1 informal a motorcycle

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

bike

[ba͟ɪk]
 ♦♦♦
 bikes, biking, biked
 1) N-COUNT A bike is a bicycle or a motorcycle. [INFORMAL]
 2) VERB To bike somewhere means to go there on a bicycle. [INFORMAL]
  [V adv/prep] I biked home from the beach.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1bike /ˈbaɪk/ noun, pl bikes [count]
1 : bicycle
• She rode her bike to school.
• a bike path
2 : motorcycle
- see also dirt bike, motorbike

American English
British English
bicycles
A1 (پایه)
noun
0

beach

beach [noun]

an area of sand or small stones near the sea or another area of water such as a lake

US /biːtʃ/ 
UK /biːtʃ/ 

ساحل

مثال: 

We spent the day on the beach.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

beach

 noun (plural beaches)
a piece of land next to the sea that is covered with sand or stones:
a sandy beach
We lay on the beach in the sun.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

beach

I. beach1 S2 W2 /biːtʃ/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: Perhaps from Old English bæce 'small stream']
an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea or a lake:
a sandy beach
surfers on the beach
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning )
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + beach
▪ crowded In the summer the beaches get very crowded.
▪ quiet (=with few people on it) The beaches on this side of the island are quieter.
▪ deserted/empty (=with no one on it) We took a boat to a deserted beach.
▪ a sandy beach Corfu is known for its sandy beaches.
▪ a shingle/pebble/pebbly beach (=covered with very small stones) Both resorts have small shingle beaches.
▪ a rocky beach (=with large rocks on it) They anchored the boat off a rocky beach.
▪ a long beach All around the coast of Lanzarote are long beaches of golden sand.
▪ a white/golden beach The house was beside a dazzling white beach.
▪ a private beach (=owned by someone, so you need permission to use it) The hotel has its own private beach.
▪ a public beach (=for everyone to use) The public beaches were very dirty.
■ verbs
▪ lie on the beach I find it boring just lying on the beach all day.
▪ go to the beach They've gone to the beach for the weekend.
▪ walk on/along the beach She loved to walk along the beach in the early morning.
■ beach + NOUN
▪ a beach holiday British English (=a holiday spent mainly at the beach) She loves beach holidays, while he prefers city breaks.
▪ a beach resort This is one of the most popular beach resorts in Greece.
▪ a beach hut (=a small building on the beach for storing things such as swimming or sports equipment) a row of brightly painted beach huts
▪ a beach bar/restaurant (=on the beach) We watched the sun go down from the beach bar.
▪ a beach towel They spread out beach towels and opened parasols.
▪ beach volleyball/football (=played on the beach) Who wants a game of beach volleyball?

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

beach

beach [beach beaches beached beaching] noun, verb   [biːtʃ]    [biːtʃ] 

 

noun
an area of sand or small stones (called shingle), beside the sea or a lake
• tourists sunbathing on the beach
• a sandy/pebble/shingle beach
• a beach bar
 
Word Origin:
mid 16th cent. (denoting shingle on the seashore): perhaps related to Old English bæce, bece ‘brook’ (an element that survives in place names such as Wis bech and Sand bach), assuming an intermediate sense ‘pebbly river valley’.  
Culture:
seaside and beach
In the 18th century British people started going to the seaside for pleasure and for their health. Seaside towns such as Brighton, Lyme Regis and Scarborough became fashionable with the upper class. Bathing in the sea became popular and bathing machines were invented for people to get changed in. Later, towns like Blackpool, Clacton-on-Sea and Margate, which were close to industrial areas or to London, developed into large seaside resorts to which workers went for a day out or for their holiday. Long piers were built stretching out to sea and soon had a wide range of amusements built on them. Promenades were built along the shore for people to walk along. Rows of beach huts and chalets (= buildings where people could get changed or sit and have tea) took the place of bathing machines, and deckchairs were for hire on the beach. There were ice-cream sellers, whelk stalls, stalls selling buckets and spades for children to build sandcastles, and the occasional Punch and Judy show. In the early 1900s it became popular to send seaside postcards to friends. Children bought seaside rock, a long sugary sweet with the name of the place printed through it.
Most British people like to go to the sea for a day out or for a weekend. Resorts like Blackpool are still popular, but others are run-down and rather quiet. British people now prefer to go on holiday to beach resorts in Spain, Greece or the Caribbean because the weather is more likely to be sunny and warm.
Americans talk of going to the ocean or the beach, rather than the seaside. Some places, especially on the East coast, have very popular beaches and people travel long distances to go there. Florida is especially popular and at spring break (= a holiday in the spring for high school and college students) it is full of students.
Beach activities include swimming, surfing and windsurfing, also called sailboarding. Many people go to the beach but never go into the water. They spend their time playing games like volleyball (= hitting a large ball backwards and forwards over a net) and Frisbee (= throwing a flat plastic disc). Other people go to the beach to get a tan and spend all their time sunbathing. Many people worry about getting skin cancer if they get burnt by the sun and so put on sun cream or sun block to protect their skin. A day at the beach often also involves a picnic meal or, especially in the US, a barbecue (= meat cooked over an open fire). 
Thesaurus:
beach noun C
• They were sunbathing on the beach.
seashore • • sand • • shoreline • • lakeside • • shore • • coast • • coastline • |especially BrE seaside • • sea • |AmE ocean •
on the beach/seashore/sand/shoreline/lakeside/shore/coast/coastline
at the beach/seashore/coast/seaside
by the seashore/lakeside/shore/coast/seaside/sea/ocean
go to the beach/seashore/coast/seaside/sea/ocean
Beach or seashore? Beach is usually used about a sandy area next to the sea, where people lie in the sun or play. Seashore is used more to talk about the area by the sea where people walk for pleasure
• He liked to look for shells on the seashore.
 
Synonyms:
coast
beach • seaside • coastline • sand • seashore
These are all words for the land beside or near to the sea, a river or a lake.
coast • the land beside or near to the sea or ocean: ▪ a town on the south coast of England ◊ ▪ The coast road is closed due to bad weather.
It is nearly always the coast, except when it is uncountable: ▪ That's a pretty stretch of coast.
beach • an area of sand, or small stones, beside the sea or a lake: ▪ She took the kids to the beach for the day. ◊ ▪ sandy beaches
seaside • (especially BrE) an area that is by the sea, especially one where people go for a day or a holiday: ▪ a trip to the seaside
It is always the seaside, except when it is used before a noun: ▪ a seaside resort. The seaside is British English; in American English seaside is only used before a noun.
coastline • the land along a coast, especially when you are thinking of its shape or appearance: ▪ California's rugged coastline
sand • a large area of sand on a beach: ▪ We went for a walk along the sand. ◊ ▪ a resort with miles of golden sands
the seashore • the land along the edge of the sea or ocean, usually where there is sand and rocks: ▪ He liked to look for shells on the seashore.
beach or seashore?
Beach is usually used to talk about a sandy area next to the sea where people lie in the sun or play, for example when they are on holiday/vacation. Seashore is used more to talk about the area by the sea in terms of things such as waves, sea shells, rocks, etc, especially where people walk for pleasure.
along the coast/beach/coastline/seashore
on the coast/beach/coastline/sands/seashore
at the coast/beach/seaside/seashore
by the coast/seaside/seashore
a(n) rocky/unspoiled coast/beach/coastline
to go to the coast/beach/seaside/seashore 
Example Bank:
• He walked along the beach.
• She lay on the beach and read her book.
• The island group has over 230 miles of pristine tropical beaches.
• They met at the beach.
• They sat on a grassy hill overlooking the beach.
• a beautiful golden beach stretching for miles
• She met him in a beach bar.
• She took the kids to the beach for the day.
• There are miles of beautiful sandy beaches.
• To the south is West Bay, a small port with a shingle beach.

• We could see tourists sunbathing on the beach.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

beach / biːtʃ / noun [ C ]

A1 an area of sand or small stones near the sea or another area of water such as a lake:

We spent the day on the beach.

a beach café

a beach towel

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

beach

[bi͟ːtʃ]
 ♦♦♦
 beaches, beaching, beached
 1) N-COUNT A beach is an area of sand or stones beside the sea.
  ...a beautiful sandy beach...
  I just want to lie on the beach in the sun.
  Syn:
  seashore
 2) V-ERG If something such as a boat beaches, or if it is beached, it is pulled or forced out of the water and onto land.
  [V n] We beached the canoe, running it right up the bank...
  The boat beached on a mud flat...
  [V pron-refl] Experts are unable to explain why the whales beached themselves.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1beach /ˈbiːʧ/ noun, pl beach·es [count] : an area covered with sand or small rocks that is next to an ocean or lake
• We spent the day at the beach.
• walking/lying on the beach
• white, sandy beaches
• private/public beaches

American English
British English
coasts and beaches
A1 (پایه)
noun
0

pepper

pepper [noun] (POWDER)

a grey or white powder produced by crushing dry peppercorns, used to give a spicy, hot taste to food

US /ˈpep.ɚ/ 
UK /ˈpep.ər/ 

(پودر) فلفل

مثال: 

salt and pepper

نمک و فلفل

Oxford Essential Dictionary

pepper

 noun

1 (no plural) powder with a hot taste that you put on food:
salt and pepper

2 (plural peppers) a red, green or yellow vegetable that is almost empty inside

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

pepper

I.   noun

I. pep‧per1 S3 /ˈpepə $ -ər/ noun
 [Language: Old English; Origin: pipor, from Latin piper, from Greek peperi]

 1. [uncountable] a powder that is used to add a hot taste to food:
   • salt and pepper ⇨ black pepper, white pepper
 2.
   [countable] a hollow red, green, or yellow vegetable, eaten either raw or cooked with other food SYN bell pepper American English⇨ sweet pepper, cayenne pepper, red pepper

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

pepper

pep·per [pepper peppers peppered peppering] noun, verb  [ˈpepə(r)]    [ˈpepər]

noun

1. uncountable a powder made from dried berries (called peppercorns), used to give a hot flavour to food

• Season with salt and pepper

• freshly ground pepper

see also  black pepper, cayenne, white pepper

2. (BrE) (also ˌsweet ˈpepper BrE, NAmE) (NAmE ˈbell pepper) countable, uncountable a hollow fruit, usually red, green or yellow, eaten as a vegetable either raw or cooked

Word Origin:

Old English piper, pipor, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch peper and German Pfeffer; via Latin from Greek peperi, from Sanskrit pippalī ‘berry, peppercorn’.

Example Bank:

• Add salt and pepper to taste.

• He gave me a great recipe for stuffed peppers.

• He put some pepper on his steak.

• freshly ground black pepper

• peppers stuffed with meat and rice

Derived: pepper somebody with something ▪ pepper something with something 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

pepper / ˈpep.ə r /   / -ɚ / noun [ U ] (POWDER)

A2 a grey or white powder produced by crushing dry peppercorns, used to give a spicy, hot taste to food:

freshly ground black pepper

salt and pepper
 

pepper / ˈpep.ə r /   / -ɚ / noun [ C ] (VEGETABLE)

pepper

B1 a vegetable that is usually green, red, or yellow, has a rounded shape, and is hollow with seeds in the middle:

a red/green pepper

Peppers are usually cooked with other vegetables or eaten raw in salads.

Red peppers are ideal for roasting in the oven.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

pepper

[pe̱pə(r)]
 ♦♦♦
 peppers, peppering, peppered
 1) N-UNCOUNT Pepper is a hot-tasting spice which is used to flavour food.
  Season with salt and pepper.
  ...freshly ground black pepper.
 2) N-COUNT A pepper or, in American English a bell pepper, is a hollow green, red, or yellow vegetable with seeds inside it.
  Syn:
  capsicum
 3) VERB: usu passive If something is peppered with small objects, a lot of those objects hit it.
  [be V-ed with n] He was wounded in both legs and severely peppered with shrapnel...
  [be V-ed with n] Suddenly the garden was peppered with pellets.
 4) VERB If something is peppered with things, it has a lot of those things in it or on it.
  [be V-ed with n] While her English was correct, it was peppered with French phrases...
  [be V-ed with n] Outside, the road was peppered with glass...
  [V n] Yachts peppered the tranquil waters of Botafogo Bay.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1pep·per /ˈpɛpɚ/ noun, pl -pers
1 [noncount] : a food seasoning that is made by grinding the dried berries of an Indian plant along with their hard, black covers : black pepper
• Please pass the salt and pepper.
• freshly ground pepper
- see also cayenne pepper, salt-and-pepper, white pepper
2 [count] : a hollow vegetable that is usually red, green, or yellow and that is eaten raw or cooked
• The steak was served with peppers and onions.
• Be careful handling hot peppers.

American English
British English
herbs and spices
A2 (مبتدی)
noun
0

butterfly

butterfly [noun] (INSECT)

a type of insect with large, often brightly coloured wings

US /ˈbʌt̬.ɚ.flaɪ/ 
UK /ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ/ 

پروانه

مثال: 

butterflies and moths

Related quotes: 
The butterfly counts not months but moments, and has time enough.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

butterfly

 noun (plural butterflies)
an insect with big coloured wings

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

butterfly

but‧ter‧fly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ $ -ər-/ BrE AmE noun (plural butterflies) [countable]
[Language: Old English; Origin: buterfleoge, from butere ( ⇨ ↑butter1) + fleoge 'fly'; perhaps because many types of butterfly are yellow, or because people believed that butterflies steal milk and butter]
1. a type of insect that has large wings, often with beautiful colours
2. have/get butterflies (in your stomach) informal to feel very nervous before doing something:
I always get butterflies before an exam.
3. the butterfly a way of swimming by lying on your front and moving your arms together over your head while your legs move up and down
4. someone who usually moves on quickly from one activity or person to the next:
Gwen’s a real social butterfly.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

butterfly

but·ter·fly [butterfly butterflies]   [ˈbʌtəflaɪ]    [ˈbʌtərflaɪ]  noun
(pl. but·ter·flies)
1. countable a flying insect with a long thin body and four large, usually brightly coloured, wings
• butterflies and moths

• She's like a butterfly. She flits in and out of people's lives.

2. uncountable a swimming stroke in which you swim on your front and lift both arms forward at the same time while your legs move up and down together
• She was third in the 200m butterfly (= a swimming race).
Idiom: have butterflies  
Word Origin:
Old English, from butter  + the insect fly; perhaps from the cream or yellow colour of common species, or from an old belief that the insects stole butter.  
Example Bank:

• The butterfly emerged from the pupa.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

butterfly / ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ /   / ˈbʌt̬.ɚ- / noun [ C ] (INSECT)

butterfly

B1 a type of insect with large, often brightly coloured wings

 

butterfly / ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ /   / ˈbʌt̬.ɚ- / noun [ C ] disapproving (PERSON)

a person who is not responsible or serious, and who is likely to change activities easily or only be interested in pleasure:

She's such a social butterfly.
 

butterfly / ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ /   / ˈbʌt̬.ɚ- / noun [ C ] (JEWELLERY)

the small metal part put on the back of a stud (= piece of jewellery worn in the ear) that keeps it in place
 

butterfly / ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ /   / ˈbʌt̬.ɚ- / noun [ C ] [ S or U ] (SWIMMING)

the butterfly stroke

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

butterfly

[bʌ̱tə(r)flaɪ]
 butterflies
 1) N-COUNT A butterfly is an insect with large colourful wings and a thin body.
 2) N-UNCOUNT: also the N Butterfly is a swimming stroke which you do lying on your front, kicking your legs and bringing your arms over your head together.
 3) PHRASE If you have butterflies in your stomach or have butterflies, you are very nervous or excited about something. [INFORMAL]
  An exam, or even an exciting social event may produce butterflies in the stomach.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1but·ter·fly /ˈbʌtɚˌflaɪ/ noun, pl -flies
1 [count] : a kind of insect that has a long thin body and brightly colored wings and that flies mostly during the day - see color picture
- compare moth
2 [count] often disapproving : a person who goes to many parties and other social events
• a social butterfly
3 [singular] : a way of swimming in which the swimmer's face is in the water and the arms move together in a circular motion while the legs kick up and down
• swimmers doing the butterfly also; : a race in which the swimmers do the butterfly
• They competed in the butterfly.
4 butterflies [plural] informal : a nervous feeling in your stomach
• Even experienced musicians sometimes get butterflies before a performance.
• I have butterflies in my stomach.

American English
British English
insect names
B1 (متوسط)
noun
0

plan

plan [noun] (DECISION)

a set of decisions about how to do something in the future

US /plæn/ 
UK /plæn/ 

برنامه، طرح

مثال: 

What are your plans for this weekend?

Oxford Essential Dictionary

 noun

1 something that you have decided to do and how you are going to do it:
What are your holiday plans?
They have plans to build a new school.

2 a map showing a building or a town:
a street plan of London

3 a drawing that shows how a new building, room or machine will be made:
Have you seen the plans for the new shopping centre?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

plan

I. plan1 S1 W1 /plæn/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Word Family: noun: ↑plan, ↑planner, ↑planning; verb: ↑plan; adjective: planned ≠ ↑unplanned]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French; Origin: 'drawing of a building at ground level'; partly from Latin planum 'level ground', partly from French planter 'to plant']
1. INTENTION something you have decided to do:
His plan is to get a degree in economics and then work abroad for a year.
Do you have any plans for the weekend?
There’s been a change of plan – we’re not going to Ibiza after all.
the best plan British English (=the best course of action)
Your best plan would be to take a taxi.
2. METHOD/ARRANGEMENT a set of actions for achieving something in the future, especially a set of actions that has been considered carefully and in detail
plan for
The chairman outlined the company’s plans for achieving a 10% growth in sales.
plan to do something
There are plans to turn the site of the factory into a park.
3. MAP a drawing similar to a map, showing roads, towns, and buildings
plan of
a street plan of London
4. DRAWING
a) technical a drawing of a building, room, or machine as it would be seen from above, showing the shape, size, and position of the walls, windows, and doors ⇨ ↑elevation(4), ↑section1(7), ↑ground plan(1)
b) a drawing that shows exactly how something will be arranged:
I have to organise a seating plan for the dinner.
5. plan A, Plan A your first plan, which you will use if things happen the way you expect:
We’re going to find a restaurant and buy a meal. That’s Plan A.
6. plan B, Plan B your second plan, which you can use if things do not happen the way you expect:
It’s time to put Plan B into action.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 1)
■ verbs
▪ have plans I have no plans to retire yet.
▪ change your plans We had to change our plans at the last minute.
▪ abandon/give up your plans The city authorities have abandoned their plans to host the Super Bowl.
▪ cancel your plans The weather got worse, and we had to cancel our plans to have the party outdoors.
▪ shelve a plan (=cancel your plan, although you may do it later) The plan had to be shelved because of lack of money.
■ phrases
▪ a change of plan The day before my flight, my boss phoned and said there’d been a change of plan.
■ adjectives
▪ sb’s immediate plans (=what they are going to do next) So what are your immediate plans after graduation?
▪ the best plan British English (=the best thing to do) I think the best plan is to take the train.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ verbs
▪ have a plan Don’t worry – I have a plan.
▪ make plans (=prepare for something) Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding.
▪ come up with a plan (=think of a plan) The chairman must come up with a plan to get the club back on its feet.
▪ devise/formulate/draw up a plan (=make a detailed plan, especially after considering something carefully) He devised a daring plan to steal two million dollars. | The company has already drawn up plans to develop the site.
▪ carry out a plan (=do what has been planned) The bombers were arrested by the security forces before they could carry out their plans.
▪ keep to/stick to a plan We’re sticking to our original plan.
▪ abandon/scrap a plan (=decide not to continue with it) The plan was scrapped because it was too expensive.
▪ announce/unveil a plan (=officially tell people about it) The government unveiled its plans for a shake-up of the health system.
▪ approve a plan The plan was approved at a board meeting on 24 December.
▪ reject a plan The plan was rejected on the grounds that it would cost too much money.
▪ outline a plan (=describe it in a general way) They listened as he outlined his plan.
▪ implement a plan formal (=to do what has been agreed as part of an official plan) To implement its plans, the company has entered into a partnership with another software developer.
▪ shelve a plan (=not continue with it, although you might continue with it later) The plans will be shelved until an alternative access to the site can be found.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + plan
▪ ambitious The plan was very ambitious, but it worked.
▪ detailed The generals drew up detailed plans for the invasion.
▪ cunning/clever/ingenious They devised a cunning plan to get back their money. | The gang devised a cunning plan to rob the bank.
▪ a five-year/ten-year etc plan Unesco has a 25-year plan to provide basic education to all.
▪ a grand plan (=a plan that involves doing a lot of things in order to achieve something big) Marrying the countess was all part of his grand plan.
▪ a master plan (=a detailed plan for dealing with a complicated situation) The governors came up with a master plan for saving the school.
▪ a business plan We’ve developed a business plan to take over the company.
▪ a peace plan Both sides have agreed to implement the UN peace plan.
▪ a rescue plan (=a plan for saving a company, economy etc) Which rescue plan offers the company the best prospects of survival?
▪ an action plan My accountant developed a detailed action plan with specific targets.
■ phrases
▪ go according to plan (=happen in the way that was arranged) If everything goes according to plan, we’ll finish in January.
▪ a plan of action Ministers are discussing a plan of action to deal with the crisis.
▪ a plan of attack (=a plan to attack or achieve something) At this stage, you go back to the office and work on a plan of attack.
▪ a plan of campaign British English (=a plan to achieve something) What we need now is a plan of campaign.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'do a plan'. Say make a plan.
• • •
THESAURUS (for Meaning 2)
▪ plan a set of actions for achieving something in the future, especially a set of actions that has been considered carefully and in detail: Leaders outlined a plan to end the fighting.
▪ plot/conspiracy a secret plan to do something bad or illegal, made by a group of people: There was a plot to assassinate the President. | a terrorist conspiracy
▪ scheme British English an official plan that is intended to help people: The government has introduced a new scheme to help young people find work.
▪ strategy a carefully designed plan which is intended to achieve a particular purpose over a long period of time: the company’s business strategy | The government’s economic strategy has been criticized by many experts. | We need to develop effective strategies for combating the sale of counterfeit goods.
▪ initiative a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular aim: a peace initiative | a major new initiative to tackle street crime
▪ policy a plan that members of a government, political party, company etc agree on, that states how they intend to deal with a particular subject or problem: the government’s immigration policy | It’s company policy to allow people to work from home.
▪ programme British English, program American English a series of activities that a government or organization organizes, which aims to achieve something important and will continue for a long time: a five-year programme which will create 2000 new jobs | federal programs for low-income housing

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

plan

plan [plan plans planned planning] noun, verb   [plæn]    [plæn]

noun  

INTENTION
1. something that you intend to do or achieve
• ~ (for sth) Do you have any plans for the summer?
• ~ (to do sth) There are no plans to build new offices.
• Your best plan (= the best thing to do) would be to go by car.
• There's been a change of plan.

• We can't change our plans now.  

ARRANGEMENT

2. a set of things to do in order to achieve sth, especially one that has been considered in detail in advance
• ~ (for sth) Both sides agreed to a detailed plan for keeping the peace.
• ~ (to do sth) The government has announced plans to create one million new training places.
• a development/business/peace, etc. plan
• a five-point plan
• a three-year plan
• We need to make plans for the future.
• a plan of action/campaign
• Let's hope everything will go according to plan.

see also  master plan  

MAP

3. a detailed map of a building, town, etc
• a plan of the museum

• a street plan of the city  

DRAWING

4. usually plural ~ (for/of sth) (technical) a detailed drawing of a machine, building, etc. that shows its size, shape and measurements
• The architect is drawing up plans for the new offices.
• Plans for our extension have been submitted for approval.

compare  elevation  (4), ground plan

5. a diagram that shows how sth will be arranged
• a seating plan (= showing where each person will sit, for example at a dinner)

• a floor plan (= showing how furniture is arranged)  

MONEY

6. (especially in compounds) a way of investing money for the future
• a savings plan
more at (it) sounds like a plan to me at  sound  v.  
Word Origin:
late 17th cent.: from French, from earlier plant ‘ground plan, plane surface’, influenced in sense by Italian pianta ‘plan of building’. Compare with plant.  
Thesaurus:
plan noun
1. C
• The plan is to build new offices.
intention • • idea • • aim • • objective • • goal • • target • • purpose • • object • • end • |formal law intent •
the plan/intention/idea/aim/objective/goal/target/object is to do sth
sb's original plan/intention/idea/aim/objective/goal/target/purpose
have a/an plan/intention/idea/aim/objective/goal/target/purpose/object/end
Plan or intention? Your plans are what you have decided or arranged to do, often, but not always, in the longer term; your intentions are what you want to do, especially in the near future.
2. C
• The government has announced plans to create 50 000 new jobs.
policy • • proposal • • initiative • • strategy • • platform • • manifesto • |especially BrE scheme • |BrE programme • |AmE program •
a/an plan/policy/proposal/initiative/strategy/platform/manifesto/scheme/programme for sth
a/an plan/policy/proposal/initiative/strategy/scheme/programme to do sth
propose a plan/policy/strategy/scheme
have/adopt a plan/policy/proposal/strategy/scheme
3. C
• a street plan of the city
map •
on a plan/map
look at/consult a plan/map
a plan/map shows sth
4. C
• A spy stole the plans for the new aircraft.
design • • blueprint • • draft •
a plan/design/blueprint/draft of sth
a plan/design/blueprint for sth
draw up/produce a plan/design/draft 
Synonyms:
purpose
aim • intention • plan • point • idea
These are all words for talking about what sb/sth intends to do or achieve.
purpose • what sth is supposed to achieve; what sb is trying to achieve: ▪ Our campaign's main purpose is to raise money.
aim • what sb is trying to achieve; what sth is supposed to achieve: ▪ She went to London with the aim of finding a job. ◊ ▪ Our main aim is to increase sales in Europe.
purpose or aim?
Your purpose for doing something is your reason for doing it; your aim is what you want to achieve. Aim can suggest that you are only trying to achieve sth; purpose gives a stronger sense of achievement being certain. Aim can be sb's aim or the aim of sth. Purpose is more usually the purpose of sth: you can talk about sb's purpose but that is more formal.
intention • what you intend to do: ▪ I have no intention of going to the wedding. ◊ ▪ She's full of ▪ good intentions ▪ but they rarely work out.
plan • what you intend to do or achieve: ▪ There are no plans to build new offices.
intention or plan?
Your intentions are what you want to do, especially in the near future; your plans are what you have decided or arranged to do, often, but not always, in the longer term.
point • (rather informal) the purpose or aim of sth: ▪ What's the point ▪ of all this violence? ◊ ▪ The point of the lesson is to compare the two countries.
idea • (rather informal) the purpose of sth; sb's aim: ▪ The whole idea of going was so that we could meet her new boyfriend. ◊ ▪ What's the idea ▪ behind this?
point or idea?
Point is a more negative word than idea. If you say What's the point…? you are suggesting that there is no point; if you say What's the idea…? you are genuinely asking a question. Point, but not idea, is used to talk about things you feel annoyed or unhappy about: There's no idea in… ◊ I don't see the idea of….
with the purpose/aim/intention/idea of doing sth
sb's intention/plan to do sth
to have a(n) purpose/aim/intention/plan/point
to achieve/fulfil a(n) purpose/aim 
Example Bank:
• A new plan for reducing traffic accidents was unveiled.
• A spokeswoman confirmed there was no definite plan to stage a concert in the park.
• Do you have any contingency plans if the scheme doesn't work?
• Do you have any contingency plans if there is a delay?
• Even the best-laid plans can go wrong.
• I like to make plans well in advance.
• If Plan A fails, go to Plan B.
• Let's stick to our original plan
• Local residents have vowed to fight plans to build a new road.
• Plans are afoot to stage a new opera.
• Plans to build a dam have been shelved following protests.
• Senators signed a letter opposing the plan.
• Site plans were filed with the city this week.
• The airline intends to file a reorganization plan within three months.
• The best plan is for me to meet you at the airport.
• The government has ambitious plans for prison reform.
• The government launched a five-year plan aimed at diversifying the economy.
• The moves contravene the peace plan agreed by both sides.
• The plan calls for investments totalling $100 million.
• The plan calls for massive investment in the region.
• The plan contains four main elements.
• The plan shows the exact location of the house.
• The president will now press ahead with his plans for reform.
• The strike ruined my travel plans.
• To change anything in this organization, we'll need a plan of action.
• We need to develop a sound business plan.
• What are your immediate plans?
• What is their game plan for winning the election?
• a six-week low-fat eating plan
• a three-point action plan to improve hygiene at work
• plans for the future
• Do you have a plan of the museum?
• Enemy spies stole the plans for the new aircraft.
• He had no master plan in place before he started the project.
• He produced a plan of the house.
• How are your wedding plans coming along?
• It's a good idea to always have a plan B if your original plan falls through.
• Let's hope everything goes according to plan.
• Senior officials put forward a three-year plan.
• She drew some plans and elevations of the church's structure.
• The architect is drawing up plans for the new office.
• The corporation is pressing ahead with plans to build a new power station.
• The floor plan is very simple.
• The government has announced plans to create 50 000 new training places.
• The main markets were clearly marked on the plan.
• The peace plan was agreed at an international summit meeting.
• The plan shows where all the electrical points will go.
• The plan will be put into action within the next three months.
• The plans were made some time ago, but work on the building has not yet started.
• There's been a change of plan.
• They are working on an economic development plan.
• We asked for street plan of the city.
• We can't change our plans now.
• Who was responsible for the seating plan?
• You will need a clear and realistic business plan.
• Your best plan would be to go by car.
• a plan of action/campaign
• an action plan
Idiom: make a plan

Derived: plan something out 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

plan / plæn / noun (DECISION)

A2 [ C ] a set of decisions about how to do something in the future:

a company's business plan

a negotiated peace plan

a five-year plan

holiday plans

What are your plans for this weekend?

[ + to infinitive ] My plan is to hire a car when I arrive in America and travel about.

[ C ] a type of arrangement for financial investment:

a pension/savings plan

go according to plan to happen in the way you intend:

Events of this type rarely go according to plan.

Word partners for plan noun

have / make a plan • announce / outline / unveil a plan • approve / back / oppose / reject a plan • go ahead / press ahead with a plan • abandon / drop / shelve a plan • an ambitious / controversial / detailed / strategic plan • a plan of action • a plan for sth
 

plan / plæn / noun (DRAWING)

B2 [ C ] a drawing of a building, town, area, vehicle, machine, etc. which only shows its shape from above, its size, and the position of important details:

a street plan (= a type of map of a town showing the roads)

a seating plan (= a drawing which shows where each person will sit)

plans [ plural ] B2 drawings from which something is made or built:

The architect showed us the house plans that she had drawn up .

I'll send a set of plans for the new machine.

Word partners for plan noun

have / make a plan • announce / outline / unveil a plan • approve / back / oppose / reject a plan • go ahead / press ahead with a plan • abandon / drop / shelve a plan • an ambitious / controversial / detailed / strategic plan • a plan of action • a plan for sth

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

plan

[plæ̱n]
 ♦
 plans, planning, planned
 1) N-COUNT: usu with supp, also according to N A plan is a method of achieving something that you have worked out in detail beforehand.
  The three leaders had worked out a peace plan...
  The project is part of a United Nations plan for refugees.
  ...a detailed plan of action for restructuring the group...
  He maintains that everything is going according to plan.
  Syn:
  strategy
 2) VERB If you plan what you are going to do, you decide in detail what you are going to do, and you intend to do it.
  [V wh] If you plan what you're going to eat, you reduce your chances of overeating...
  [V to-inf] He planned to leave Baghdad on Monday...
  [V for n] It would be difficult for schools to plan for the future...
  [V n] I had been planning a trip to the West Coast...
  [V-ed] A planned demonstration in the capital later today has been called off by its organisers.
 3) N-PLURAL: usu with supp, oft N for n/-ing, N to-inf If you have plans, you are intending to do a particular thing.
  `I'm sorry,' she said. `I have plans for tonight.'...
  The Bonn government is making plans to evacuate more than two hundred of its citizens from the troubled area.
  Syn:
  arrangements
 4) VERB When you plan something that you are going to make, build, or create, you decide what the main parts of it will be and do a drawing of how it should be made.
  [V n] It is no use trying to plan an 18-hole golf course on a 120-acre site if you have to ruin the environment to do it.
  Syn:
  design, think out
 5) N-COUNT: oft N of/for n A plan of something that is going to be built or made is a detailed diagram or drawing of it.
  ...when you have drawn a plan of the garden.
 6) → See also planning
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - plan on
  - plan out

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1plan /ˈplæn/ noun, pl plans
1 : a set of actions that have been thought of as a way to do or achieve something

[count]

• the President's economic plan
• the army's plan of attack
• We need to agree on a plan of action.
- often + for
• The partners created a business plan for their new store.
• The city has a ten-year plan for fixing the city's roads.

[noncount]

• Not everything at the show went according to plan. [=the way it was supposed to]
- see also game plan, master plan
2 : something that a person intends to do

[count]

• Our plan was to have the guests park on the street, not the lawn.
- often plural
• We would love to have dinner at your house Friday night, but we already have plans. [=we are already planning/expecting to do something else]
• They didn't want to change their vacation plans.
• We made plans to go out this Friday.

[noncount]

• When we met them at the restaurant, they said there had been a change of/in plan.
3 [count] : a detailed agreement for telephone service, medical care, insurance, etc.
• a health/medical plan [=an insurance program that pays for medical care]
• He changed his long-distance/calling plan.
• a tuition payment plan
• Her employer offers a great dental plan. [=insurance for dental care]
• a retirement plan
- see also installment plan, pension plan
4 [count] : a drawing that shows the parts or details of something (such as a building, town, machine, etc.)
• a street plan of Washington, D.C.
• a seating plan [=a drawing that shows the places where particular people will sit at a gathering]
- often plural
• The builder brought over the plans for their new house.
• The architect drew up plans for the office tower.
- see also floor plan

American English
British English
plans and arrangements
A2 (مبتدی)
noun
0

chunk

chunk [noun]

a part of something, especially a large part

US /tʃʌŋk/ 
UK /tʃʌŋk/ 

سهم‌/بخش عمده‌

مثال: 

Three hours is quite a chunk out of my working day.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

chunk

 noun
a large piece of something:
a chunk of cheese

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

chunk

chunk /tʃʌŋk/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1600-1700; Origin: ⇨ ↑chuck2]
1. a large thick piece of something that does not have an even shape:
ice chunks
chunk of
a chunk of bread
2. a large part or amount of something:
The rent takes a large chunk out of my monthly salary.
chunk of
A huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the end of the show.
3. a chunk of change American English informal a large amount of money:
Lurie risked a pretty big chunk of change on the race.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ piece an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the main part: Could I have another piece of cake? | a piece of broken glass | Emma cut the pie into eight pieces.
▪ bit a piece. Bit is more informal than piece and is often used about smaller pieces: The notes were written on bits of paper. | He threw a bit of wood onto the fire.
▪ lump a small piece of something solid or firm that does not have a regular shape: two lumps of sugar | a lump of coal | a lump of clay
▪ scrap a small piece of paper, cloth etc that is no longer needed: I wrote the phone number on a scrap of paper. | The dog was eating scraps of food off the floor.
▪ strip a long narrow piece of cloth, paper etc: a strip of cloth | The leather had been cut into strips.
▪ sheet a thin flat piece of something such as paper, glass, or metal: a blank sheet of paper | a sheet of aluminium
▪ slice a thin flat piece of bread, cake, meat etc cut from a larger piece: a slice of pizza | Cut the tomatoes into thin slices.
▪ chunk a piece of something solid that does not have a regular shape – used especially about food, rock, or metal: The fruit was cut into large chunks. | a chunk of bread
▪ hunk a large piece with rough edges, which has been cut or has broken off a bigger piece of food, rock etc: a big hunk of cheese | hunks of concrete
▪ block a piece of something solid, which has straight sides: concrete blocks | a block of cheese | a block of ice
▪ slab a thick flat piece of stone, or of cake, meat etc: The floor had been made from stone slabs. | a slab of beef
▪ cube a piece that has six square sides – used especially about food: a cube of sugar | ice cubes
▪ wedge a piece that has a thick end and a pointed end, and is shaped like a ↑triangle – used especially about food and metal: a wedge of cheese
▪ bar a block of soap, chocolate, candy, or metal, which has straight sides: a chocolate bar | a bar of soap | gold bars worth more than £26 million
▪ rasher British English a slice of bacon: I usually have two rashers of bacon for breakfast.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

chunk

chunk [chunk chunks chunked chunking]   [tʃʌŋk]    [tʃʌŋk]  noun
1. a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken off sth

• a chunk of cheese/masonry

2. (informal) a fairly large amount of sth

• I've already written a fair chunk of the article.

3. (linguistics) a phrase or group of words which can be learnt as a unit by sb who is learning a language. Examples of chunks are ‘Can I have the bill, please?’ and ‘Pleased to meet you’.
see blow chunks at  blow  v.  
Word Origin:
late 17th cent.: apparently an alteration of the noun chuck  senses 1 and 3.  
Example Bank:
• He cut the food up into bite-size chunks.
• I bought the cheese in one big chunk.
• The listening texts consist of short, bite-sized chunks which are accessible to beginners.
• The texts consist of short, bite-sized chunks.
• This one project has taken a substantial chunk of our budget.
• a huge chunk of meat/rock/text
• a tin of pineapple chunks

• Chunks of masonry lay in the grass around the ruined building.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

chunk / tʃʌŋk / noun [ C ]

a roughly cut piece:

a chunk of cheese/meat

pineapple/tuna chunks

See picture amounts of food

informal a part of something, especially a large part:

a chunk of text

a substantial chunk of our profits

Three hours is quite a chunk out of my working day.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

chunk

[tʃʌ̱ŋk]
 chunks
 1) N-COUNT: oft N of n Chunks of something are thick solid pieces of it.
  They had to be careful of floating chunks of ice.
  ...a chunk of meat...
  Cut the melon into chunks.
  Syn:
  lump
 2) N-COUNT: usu N of n A chunk of something is a large amount or large part of it. [INFORMAL]
  The company owns a chunk of farmland near Gatwick Airport.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

chunk

chunk /ˈʧʌŋk/ noun, pl chunks [count]
1 : a thick piece of something
• She cut the fruit into large chunks.
• chunks of meat/ice/wood/pineapple
2 somewhat informal : a large amount or part of something
• She spends a good chunk of her day on the phone.
• He devoted a large chunk of time to the project.
• (US) He spent a big/hefty chunk of change [=a lot of money] on that car.

American English
British English
masses and large amounts of things
noun
0

control

control [noun] (POWER)

the act of controlling something or someone, or the power to do this

US /kənˈtroʊl/ 
UK /kənˈtrəʊl/ 

قدرت یا اختیار هدایت کردن، دستور دادن،‌اداره کردن کسی، کنترل، نظارت

مثال: 

You need to stay in control of your emotions.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

>> controller noun a person who controls something:
an air traffic controller

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

control

I. con‧trol1 S1 W1 /kənˈtrəʊl $ -ˈtroʊl/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: adjective: controlling, ↑controllable ≠ ↑uncontrollable, ↑controlled ≠ ↑uncontrolled; noun: ↑control, ↑controller; verb: ↑control; adverb: uncontrollably]
1. MAKE SOMEBODY/SOMETHING DO WHAT YOU WANT [uncountable] the ability or power to make someone or something do what you want or make something happen in the way you want:
The disease robs you of muscle control.
control of/over
Babies are born with very little control over their movements.
Artists like to have some control over where their works are hung in a gallery.
She’s a good teacher who has control of her class.
Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.
Excessive drinking can make you lose control of your own life.
‘Do you need any help?’ ‘No. It’s under control, thanks.’
Dogs are allowed on the trails if they are kept under control.
The car spun out of control and hit a tree.
Flight delays do occur, for reasons that are outside our control.
2. POWER [uncountable] the power to make the decisions about how a country, place, company etc is organized or what it does:
The press was freed from political control.
control of
Jordan asked for editorial control of the project.
in control (of something)
Anti-government forces are still in control of the area.
By the end of the year, the rebels had control over the northern territories.
The Johnson family has effective control of the company, owning almost 60% of the shares.
China gained control of the island in 1683.
His son is being trained to take control of the family business.
The Democrats lost control of Congress in the last election.
under the control of somebody
The college was under the control of a group of trustees.
The whole of this area came under Soviet control after World War II.
The Conservatives are hoping to regain control of the city council.
3. WAY OF LIMITING SOMETHING [uncountable and countable] an action, method, or law that limits the amount or growth of something, especially something that is dangerous:
pest control
control of
the control of inflation
control on
The authorities imposed strict controls on the movement of cattle.
an agreement on arms control (=control of the amount of weapons a country has)
under control
Firefighters had the blaze under control by 9:44 p.m.
Shea used diet and exercise to bring her weight under control.
The Federal Reserve Bank raised interest rates to keep inflation under control.
rent/price/wage etc controls
Rent controls ensured that no one paid too much for housing.
tight/rigid controls (=strict controls)
the introduction of tighter controls on immigration
Police used fire hoses and dogs for crowd control.
4. ABILITY TO STAY CALM [uncountable] the ability to remain calm even when you feel very angry, upset, or excited:
There were sudden tears in his eyes and he paused, fighting for control.
Davidson lost control of himself and started yelling.
Small children can’t be expected to have the same self-control (=ability to control their emotions and behaviour) as an adult.
under control
Her voice is under control, but she is almost shaking with anger.
in control
I felt calm and in control.
5. MACHINE/VEHICLE [countable] the thing that you press or turn to make a machine, vehicle, television etc work:
the TV remote control
the volume control on the radio
a car with manual controls
at the controls (=controlling a vehicle or aircraft)
Belton, at the controls, made a perfect landing.
6. PEOPLE WHO ORGANIZE AN ACTIVITY [singular, uncountable] the people who direct an activity or who check that something is done correctly, the place where this is done, or the process of doing it:
air-traffic control
Please stop at passport control.
computers used for stock control
7. SCIENTIFIC TEST [countable]
a) a person, group etc against which you compare another person or group that is very similar, in order to see if a particular quality is caused by something or happens by chance
control group/population/sample etc
A control group of non-smoking women was compared to four groups of women smokers.
b) a thing that you already know the result for that is used in a scientific test, in order to show that your method is working correctly ⇨ ↑controlled experiment
8. COMPUTER [singular] (also control key) a particular button on a computer that allows you to do certain operations:
Press control and F2 to exit.
⇨ ↑birth control, ↑quality control, ↑remote control

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

control

con·trol [control controls controlled controlling] noun, verb   [kənˈtrəʊl]    [kənˈtroʊl]

noun  

POWER
1. uncountable ~ (of/over sb/sth) the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization, etc. is run
• The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election.
• The Democrats will probably lose control of Congress.
• A military junta took control of the country.
• The city is in the control of enemy forces.

• The city is under enemy control.

2. uncountable ~ (of/over sb/sth) the ability to make sb/sth do what you want
• The teacher had no control over the children.
• She struggled to keep control of her voice.
• She lost control of her car on the ice.
• He got so angry he lost control (= shouted and said or did things he would not normally do).
• Owing to circumstances beyond our control, the flight to Rome has been cancelled.
• The coach made the team work hard on ball control (= in a ball game).

see also  self-control  

LIMITING/MANAGING

3. uncountable, countable ~ (of/on sth) (often in compounds) the act of restricting, limiting or managing sth; a method of doing this
• traffic control
• talks on arms control
• government controls on trade and industry
• A new advance has been made in the control of malaria.
• Price controls on food were ended.
• a pest control officer

see also  birth control, quality control  

IN MACHINE

4. countable, usually plural the switches and buttons, etc. that you use to operate a machine or a vehicle
• the controls of an aircraft
• the control panel
• the volume control of a CD player
• The co-pilot was at the controls when the plane landed.
• a car with dual control(s) (= one set of controls for the driver and one for the instructor ).

see also  remote control  

IN EXPERIMENT

5. countable (technical) a person, thing or group used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of a scientific experiment; an experiment whose result is known, used for checking working methods
• The study showed that women with the disease have had fewer children than the controls.

• One group was treated with the new drug, and the control group was given a sugar pill.  

PLACE

6. singular a place where orders are given or where checks are made; the people who work in this place
• air traffic control
• We went through passport control and into the departure lounge.

• This is Mission Control calling the space shuttle Discovery.  

ON COMPUTER

7. uncountable (also conˈtrol key singular) (on a computer keyboard) a key that you press when you want to perform a particular operation 
Word Origin:
late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘check or verify accounts’, especially by referring to a duplicate register): from Anglo-Norman French contreroller ‘keep a copy of a roll of accounts’, from medieval Latin contrarotulare, from contrarotulus ‘copy of a roll’, from contra- ‘against’ + rotulus ‘a roll’. The noun is perhaps via French contrôle.  
Thesaurus:
control noun
1. U
• The city is under enemy control.
power • • rule • • authority • • command • • hold • • grasp • • discipline • |formal jurisdiction •
in control/power/authority/command
be under sb's control/rule/authority/command/jurisdiction
have/give sb control/power/authority/command/a hold/jurisdiction over sb/sth
2. U, C
• government controls on trade and industry
limit • • limitation • • restriction • • constraint • • restraint • • check • • ceiling • • curb •
controls/limits/limitations/restrictions/constraints/restraints/checks/a ceiling/curbs on sth
without controls/limits/limitations/restrictions/constraints/restraints/checks
impose controls/limits/limitations/restrictions/constraints/restraints/checks/a ceiling/curbs
3. C, usually pl.
• the controls of an aircraft
button • • switch • • dial • • wheel • • lever • • knob •
be at/take the controls/wheel
adjust the controls/dial
the controls/wheel operates sth 
Synonyms:
limit
restriction • control • constraint • restraint • limitation
These are all words for sth that limits what you can do or what can happen.
limit • the greatest or smallest amount of sth that is allowed: ▪ The EU has set strict limits on pollution levels. ◊ ▪ the speed limit
restriction • (rather formal) a rule or law that limits what you can do: ▪ There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw.
control • (often in compounds) the act of limiting or managing sth; a method of doing this: ▪ arms control
constraint • (rather formal) a fact or decision that limits what you can do: ▪ We have to work within severe constraints of time and money.
restraint • (rather formal) a decision, a rule, an idea, etc. that limits what you can do; the act of limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do so: ▪ The government has imposed export restraints on some products. ◊ ▪ The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint.
limitation • the act or process of limiting sth; a rule, fact or condition that limits sth: ▪ They would resist any limitation of their powers.
restriction, constraint, restraint or limitation?
These are all things that limit what you can do. A restriction is rule or law that is made by sb in authority. A constraint is sth that exists rather than sth that is made, although it may exist as a result of sb's decision. A restraint is also sth that exists: it can exist outside yourself, as the result of sb else's decision; but it can also exist inside you, as a fear of what other people may think or as your own feeling about what is acceptable: ▪ moral/social/cultural restraints. A limitation is more general and can be a rule that sb makes or a fact or condition that exists.
limits/restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints/limitations on sth
limits/limitations to sth
severe limits/restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints/limitations
tight limits/restrictions/controls/constraints
to impose/remove limits/restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints/limitations
to lift restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints 
Example Bank:
• Chief Air Officer Sedley was at the controls of the Boeing 707.
• Editors do not exercise control over large sections of their newspapers.
• Enemy forces have now regained control of the area.
• Everything is under control
• He defended the tradition of civilian control over the military.
• He lost control of the car when he swerved to avoid a bicycle.
• He wants to hand over control of social security to the private sector.
• He's a real control freak.
• I had this feeling that things were out of control.
• Many teenagers have poor impulse control.
• New crime control measures have failed.
• Once we were in the air, I was allowed to take the controls.
• Parking is outside my control.
• The car went out of control on the icy road.
• The country has tightened its border controls.
• The department was under the control of Bryce Thompson.
• The elected government is back in control.
• The event has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
• The government has imposed strict controls on new building.
• The idea is to give councils full control of their own budgets.
• The police are experts in crowd control.
• They have introduced controls on public spending.
• They have little control over that side of the business.
• They soon got the situation under control.
• Weeds should be kept under strict control.
• a programmable control unit
• attempts to wrest control of the town from government forces
• calls for tougher export controls
• government plans to centralize control of schools
• plans to relax price controls
• the air traffic control tower
• the water pressure control valve
• A pest control officer was called in to deal with the rat problem.
• He got so angry he lost control.
• Practical measures such as quality control and testing are very important in the manufacturing process.
• The aim is to give people more control over their own lives.
• The city is under enemy control.
• The coach made the team work hard on ball control.
• The family has sold most of its shares and will lose control of the company.
• a reliable method of birth control

Idioms: get something under control ▪ in control ▪ out of control ▪ under control 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

control / kənˈtrəʊl /   / -ˈtroʊl / noun (POWER)

B2 [ C or U ] the act of controlling something or someone, or the power to do this:

She's got no control over that child - it's terrible.

He wants the government to impose strict controls on dog ownership.

The dictator took control of the country in 1933.

He felt he was losing control of events.

You need to stay in control of your emotions.

The car skidded and went out of control, crashing into an oncoming truck.

There was nothing we could do about it - the situation was out of/beyond/outside our control.

She criticized the police's methods of crowd control.

under control B2 being dealt with or limited successfully:

It seems that the disease is now under control.

Everything is under control, sir.

It took them two hours to bring/get the fire under control.

Word partners for control noun

assume / have / take control • lose / relinquish control • gain / get / seize control • impose / strengthen / tighten controls on sth • complete / direct / full / total control • firm / strict / tight control • control of / on / over sb/sth • beyond / out of / under sb's control

 

control / kənˈtrəʊl /   / -ˈtroʊl / noun (SWITCH)

B2 [ C ] a switch or other device used to operate a machine such as a vehicle:

The main instruments are in the centre of the control panel .

Captain Firth sat at the controls of the aircraft.

[ C usually singular ] ( also control key , written abbreviation Ctrl ) a key on a computer keyboard that you press at the same time as other keys to make the keyboard operate in a particular way:

Press and hold down the control key while you press 9.

I pressed Control Alt Delete but nothing happened.

Word partners for control noun

assume / have / take control • lose / relinquish control • gain / get / seize control • impose / strengthen / tighten controls on sth • complete / direct / full / total control • firm / strict / tight control • control of / on / over sb/sth • beyond / out of / under sb's control
 

control / kənˈtrəʊl /   / -ˈtroʊl / noun [ C ] specialized (IN AN EXPERIMENT)

in an experiment, an object or system that is not changed so that you can compare it with similar objects or systems that are intentionally changed

Word partners for control noun

assume / have / take control • lose / relinquish control • gain / get / seize control • impose / strengthen / tighten controls on sth • complete / direct / full / total control • firm / strict / tight control • control of / on / over sb/sth • beyond / out of / under sb's control

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

control

[kəntro͟ʊl]
 ♦
 controls, controlling, controlled
 1) N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/over n Control of an organization, place, or system is the power to make all the important decisions about the way that it is run.
  The restructuring involves Mr Ronson giving up control of the company...
  The first aim of his government would be to establish control over the republic's territory.
  ●
  PHRASE: usu v-link PHR, usu PHR of n If you are in control of something, you have the power to make all the important decisions about the way it is run.
  Nobody knows who is in control of the club...
  In the West, people feel more in control of their own lives.
  PHRASE: PHR after v, v-link PHR If something is under your control, you have the power to make all the important decisions about the way that it is run.
  All the newspapers were taken under government control.
 2) N-UNCOUNT: oft N of/over n If you have control of something or someone, you are able to make them do what you want them to do.
  He lost control of his car...
  Some teachers have more control over pupils than their parents have.
 3) N-UNCOUNT If you show control, you prevent yourself behaving in an angry or emotional way.
  He had a terrible temper, and sometimes he would completely lose control...
  He was working hard to keep control of himself.
 4) VERB The people who control an organization or place have the power to take all the important decisions about the way that it is run.
  [V n] He now controls the largest retail development empire in southern California...
  [V n] Almost all of the countries in Latin America were controlled by dictators...
  [V-ing] Minebea ended up selling its controlling interest in both firms.
  Derived words:
  -controlled COMB in ADJ AGA Gas is Swedish-controlled. ...the state-controlled media.
 5) VERB To control a piece of equipment, process, or system means to make it work in the way that you want it to work.
  [V n] ...a computerised system to control the gates...
  [V n] Scientists would soon be able to manipulate human genes to control the ageing process.
  [V-ed] ...the controlled production of energy from sugar by a cell.
  Derived words:
  -controlled COMB in ADJ ...computer-controlled traffic lights.
 6) VERB When a government controls prices, wages, or the activity of a particular group, it uses its power to restrict them.
  [V n] The federal government tried to control rising health-care costs.
  [V n] ...measures to control illegal mining.
 N-UNCOUNT: with supp
 Control is also a noun. Control of inflation remains the government's absolute priority.
 7) VERB If you control yourself, or if you control your feelings, voice, or expression, you make yourself behave calmly even though you are feeling angry, excited, or upset.
  [V pron-refl] Jo was advised to learn to control herself...
  [V n] I just couldn't control my temper.
  Syn:
  restrain
  Derived words:
  controlled ADJ-GRADED Her manner was quiet and very controlled.
 8) VERB To control something dangerous means to prevent it from becoming worse or from spreading.
  [V n] ...the need to control environmental pollution...
  [V n] One of the biggest tasks will be to control the spread of malaria.
 9) N-COUNT A control is a device such as a switch or lever which you use in order to operate a machine or other piece of equipment.
  I practised operating the controls.
  ...the control box.
  ●
  PHRASE If someone is at the controls of a machine or other piece of equipment, they are operating it.
  He died of a heart attack while at the controls of the plane.
 10) N-VAR Controls are the methods that a government uses to restrict increases, for example in prices, wages, or weapons.
  Critics question whether price controls would do any good...
  Their talks are expected to focus on arms control...
  They have very strict gun control in Sweden.
 11) N-VAR: n N The word control is used to refer to a place where your documents or luggage are officially checked when you enter a foreign country.
  He went straight through Passport Control without incident.
  ...an agreement to abolish border controls.
 12) → See also air traffic control, birth control, quality control, remote control, stock control
 13) PHRASE: usu v PHR, v-link PHR If something is out of control, no-one has any power over it.
  The fire is burning out of control...
  I'm dealing with customers all the time who have let their debts get out of control.
 14) PHRASE: v-link PHR, PHR after v If something harmful is under control, it is being dealt with successfully and is unlikely to cause any more harm.
  The situation is under control...
  If the current violence is to be brought under control, the government needs to act.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

control

2control noun, pl -trols
1 [noncount] : the power to make decisions about how something is managed or done
• The city wanted local control of education.
• The troops had no control [=choice] over where they would be stationed.
• The tribes fought for control over the territory.
• He took control of the family farm.
• She hired an accountant to take control of her money.
• Two-thirds of the market is in the control of three companies. [=is controlled by three companies]
• He always wants to be in control. [=he wants to be the one who makes decisions]
• The team is under the control of a new coach. [=a new coach is in charge of the team; the team has a new coach]
• The weather is not in/under our control. = The weather is beyond our control. [=we cannot control the weather]
2 [noncount] : the ability to direct the actions of someone or something
• He lost all muscle control in his left arm.
• She no longer has control of her (mental) faculties. [=she is no longer able to think clearly or make rational decisions]
• The soccer player showed good control of the ball.
• a teacher with good control of her students
• The driver lost control (of the car) and hit a tree.
✦If you lose control or lose control of yourself, you become very angry, upset, or excited.
• He lost control of himself and yelled at his students.
✦If people or things are out of control, they cannot be handled or managed with success.
• The car went out of control and crashed.
• The child was out of control. She ran around the store screaming.
• The campfire got out of control and started a forest fire.
• The situation got out of control, and a fight started.
3 : an action, method, or law that limits the amount or growth of something

[count]

• The farmer used an organic pest control on his crops.
• To cut down on competition, the government passed price controls on prescription drugs.
• The President wants stricter controls on immigration.

[noncount]

• The two nations talked about arms control. [=control of the amount of weapons a country has]
• population control
- see also biological control, birth control, gun control, quality control, rent control damage control at 1damage
4 [count] : a device or piece of equipment used to operate a machine, vehicle, or system
• the volume control on a television
• the controls of the aircraft
• a car with manual controls
• a control panel
✦If you are at the controls, you are controlling a vehicle.
• The copilot was at the controls when the plane landed.
- see also remote control
5 [singular] : the group of people who direct or control something (such as the flight of an aircraft)
• pilots communicating with air traffic control
• a control tower/room
- see also mission control
6 [count] : a person, thing, or group that is not treated with something that is being tested in an experiment in order to allow comparison with a treated person, thing, or group
• The effects of the drug were clear when the test group was compared with the control group.
in control
1 : having control of something
• She will still be in control of the sales department.
• He managed to stay in control of his emotions.
2 : not overly upset or excited : calm and able to think and act in a sensible way
• In spite of the pressure to pass the test, he felt calm and in control.
under control : able to be handled or managed with success : not out of control
• She remained calm and kept the situation under control.
• A year after the divorce, he finally got his life back under control. [=he finally regained control of his life]
• The firefighters got the fire under control.
• You need to get your drinking/gambling/anger under control.
• Don't worry—I have everything under control.

American English
British English
power to control
B2 (بالای متوسط)
noun
0

outfit

outfit [noun] (CLOTHES)

a set of clothes worn for a particular occasion or activity

US /ˈaʊt.fɪt/ 
UK /ˈaʊt.fɪt/ 

لباس (خصوصا وقتی برای موقعیت یا مراسم خاصی استفاده شود)

مثال: 

I've got a cowboy outfit for the fancy dress party.
 

Related quotes: 
Self-confidence is the best outfit. rock it an own it.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

outfit

I. out‧fit1 /ˈaʊtfɪt/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
1. a set of clothes worn together, especially for a special occasion:
She bought a new outfit for the party.
a cowboy outfit
2. informal a group of people who work together as a team or organization:
My outfit was sent to Italy during the war.
a small advertising outfit in San Diego
3. British English a set of equipment that you need for a particular purpose or job SYN kit:
a tyre repair outfit

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

outfit

out·fit [outfit outfits outfitted outfitting] noun, verb   [ˈaʊtfɪt]    [ˈaʊtfɪt] 

noun
1. countable a set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose
• She was wearing an expensive new outfit.
• a wedding outfit

• a cowboy/Superman outfit (= one that you wear for fun in order to look like the type of person mentioned)

2. countable + singular or plural verb (informal) a group of people working together as an organization, business, team, etc
• a market research outfit

• This was the fourth album by the top rock outfit.

3. countable a set of equipment that you need for a particular purpose
• a bicycle repair outfit  
Example Bank:
• He looked very smart in his new outfit.
• I'm looking for a necklace to complete my outfit.
• The pair arrived in matching white outfits.

• A London-based market research outfit has been appointed for the job.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

outfit / ˈaʊt.fɪt / noun [ C ] (CLOTHES)

a set of clothes worn for a particular occasion or activity:

I've got a cowboy outfit for the fancy dress party.
 

outfit / ˈaʊt.fɪt / noun [ C , + sing/pl verb ] informal (GROUP)

an organization, company, team, military unit, etc.:

He has recently set up his own research outfit.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

outfit

[a͟ʊtfɪt]
 outfits, outfitting, outfitted
 1) N-COUNT An outfit is a set of clothes.
  She was wearing an outfit she'd bought the previous day...
  I spent lots of money on smart new outfits for work.
 2) N-COUNT: oft supp N You can refer to an organization as an outfit.
  He works for a private security outfit...
  We are a professional outfit and we do require payment for our services.
  Syn:
  organization
 3) VERB To outfit someone or something means to provide them with equipment for a particular purpose. [mainly AM]
  [V n with/as n] They outfitted him with artificial legs...
  [V n with/as n] I outfitted an attic bedroom as a studio. [Also V n]
  Syn:
  fit out

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1out·fit /ˈaʊtˌfɪt/ noun, pl -fits [count]
1 : a set of clothes that are worn together
• She bought a new outfit for the party.
• a cowboy/ski outfit
2 : a group of people working together in the same activity
• He works for a publishing outfit. [=organization]
• My outfit [=military unit] was stationed in Iraq during the war.

 

American English
British English
clothes worn for a particular job or activity
noun

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