verb

attend

attend [verb] (BE PRESENT)

to go to an event, place, etc

/əˈtend/

(در رویدادی) حضور داشتن، حضور یافتن

مثال:

Over two hundred people attended the funeral.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

attend

verb (attends, attending, attended)
to go to or be present at a place where something is happening:
Did you attend the meeting?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

attend

at‧tend S2 W2 /əˈtend/ BrE AmE verb formal
[Word Family: noun: ↑attention, ↑attendant, ↑attentiveness ≠ ↑inattentiveness; verb: ↑attend; adverb: ↑attentively ≠ ↑inattentively; adjective: ↑attentive ≠ ↑inattentive]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: atendre, from Latin attendere, from ad- 'to' + tendere 'to stretch']
1. [intransitive and transitive] to go to an event such as a meeting or a class:
Only 12 people attended the meeting.
Please let us know if you are unable to attend.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say go (to) or come (to) instead of attend:
▪ I didn’t go to the parents’ meeting.
▪ Please let us know if you can’t come.
2. [intransitive and transitive] to go regularly to a school, church etc:
I am the first child in my family to attend college.
3. [transitive] formal to happen or exist at the same time as something:
the peculiar atmosphere which attends such an event
4. [transitive usually passive] to look after someone, especially because they are ill:
On his deathbed the General was attended by several doctors.
attend to somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to deal with business or personal matters:
I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.
2. to help a customer in a shop or a restaurant SYN serve

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

attend

at·tend [attend attends attended attending] [əˈtend] [əˈtend] verb
1. intransitive, transitive (rather formal) to be present at an event
• We'd like as many people as possible to attend.
• ~ sth The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.

• to attend a wedding/funeral

2. transitive ~ sth (formal) to go regularly to a place
• Our children attend the same school.

• How many people attend church every Sunday?

3. intransitive ~ (to sb/sth) (formal) to pay attention to what sb is saying or to what you are doing

• She hadn't been attending during the lesson.

4. transitive ~ sth (formal) to happen at the same time as sth

• She dislikes the loss of privacy that attends TV celebrity.

5. transitive ~ sb (formal) to be with sb and help them
• The President was attended by several members of his staff.
Derived: attend to somebody

Word Origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘apply one's mind or energies to’): from Old French atendre, from Latin attendere, from ad- ‘to’ + tendere ‘stretch’.
Thesaurus:
attend verb
1. T, I (formal)
• Over 600 people attended the conference.
come • • go • • come along • • make it • • get •
come/go/come along/make it/get to sth
attend/come to/go to/come along to/make it to/get to a meeting/party
2. T (formal)
• The children attended the local school.
go to sth •
attend/go to school/college/a clinic/church/the mosque
regularly/occasionally attend/go to sth
Example Bank:
• He was invited to attend a seminar in Paris.
• Her lectures were generally rather sparsely attended.
• The event was well attended.
• to attend church regularly.
• He regularly attends the local mosque.
• Over 600 people attended the conference.
• Several members were unable to attend.
• She attended the college one day a week.
• She flew home to attend her father's funeral.
• She hadn't been attending during the lesson.
• The Senator was invited to attend, but he declined.
• The children attended the local school.
• The lecture was attended by most of the faculty.

• The patients all attend the clinic monthly.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

attend / əˈtend / verb (BE PRESENT)

B1 [ I or T ] to go to an event, place, etc.:

Over two hundred people attended the funeral.

The meeting is on the fifth and we're hoping everyone will attend.

→ See also well attended

B1 [ T ] to go officially and usually regularly to a place:

Which school do your children attend?

I attended the classes/seminars/lectures for a month or two.

attend / əˈtend / verb [ I ] formal (NOTICE)

to give attention to what someone is saying:

I'm afraid I wasn't attending to what was being said.

attend / əˈtend / verb [ T ] (PROVIDE HELP)

to provide a service to someone, especially as part of your job:

The queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting.

attend / əˈtend / verb [ T ] formal (RESULT FROM)

to happen as a result of, and at the same time as:

the publicity that attends a career in television

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

attend

[əte̱nd]

attends, attending, attended
1) VERB If you attend a meeting or other event, you are present at it.
  [V n] Thousands of people attended the funeral...
  [V n] The meeting will be attended by finance ministers from many countries...
  We want the maximum number of people to attend to help us cover our costs.
2) VERB If you attend an institution such as a school, college, or church, you go there regularly.
  [V n] They attended college together at the University of Pennsylvania. [Also V]
3) VERB If you attend to something, you deal with it. If you attend to someone who is hurt or injured, you care for them.
  [V to n] The staff will helpfully attend to your needs...
  [V to n] There are more pressing matters to be attended to today...
  [V to n] The main thing is to attend to the injured.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

attend

at·tend /əˈtɛnd/ verb -tends; -tend·ed; -tend·ing
1 a : to go to and be present at (an event, meeting, etc.)

[+ obj]

• My husband and I will both attend the banquet.
• How many people attended the baseball game?
• He won't be attending the conference.

[no obj]

• How many people will be attending?
• One hundred people attended.
b [+ obj] : to regularly go to (classes, church services, etc.)
• She attends a school in the city.
• He'll be attending the university in the fall.
• I am the first child in my family to attend college.
• We attend the same church.
2 [+ obj]
a : to help or care for (someone, such as a patient)
• Each nurse attends 15 patients.
b : to assist with (a birth)
• A midwife attended the birth.
- see also attending
3 [+ obj] formal : to go with or be with (someone) as a helper or adviser
• ministers who attend the king
• She's attended by several assistants.
attend to [phrasal verb] attend to (someone or something)
1 : to deal with (something)
• Please excuse me. I must attend to some business. = Please excuse me. I've got some business I must attend to.
2 : to give needed help or attention to (someone or something)
• Volunteers attend to the park for the summer.
• The hotel staff attended to my every need.
• Please make sure that the guests are attended to.

bear

bear [verb] (ACCEPT)

to accept, tolerate, or endure something, especially something unpleasant

/ber/

/beər/

تحمل کردن

مثال:

The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

verb (bears, bearing, bore /, has borne )

1 to be able to accept something unpleasant without complaining:
The pain was difficult to bear.

2 to hold somebody or something up so that they do not fall:
The ice is too thin to bear your weight.

can't bear somebody or something to hate somebody or something:
I can't bear this music.
He can't bear having nothing to do.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

bear

I. bear¹ S2 W2 /beə $ ber/ BrE AmE verb (past tense bore /bɔː $ bɔːr/, past participle borne /bɔːn $ bɔːrn/) [transitive]
[Word Family: verb: ↑bear; noun: ↑bearer; adverb: ↑bearably ≠ ↑unbearably; adjective: ↑bearable ≠ ↑unbearable]
[Language: Old English; Origin: beran]
1. DEAL WITH SOMETHING to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation SYN stand:
She was afraid she wouldn’t be able to bear the pain.
Overcrowding makes prison life even harder to bear.
Make the water as hot as you can bear.
The humiliation was more than he could bear.
Black people continue to bear the brunt of most racial violence (=have to deal with the most difficult or damaging part).
Passengers could be insulting, and stewardesses just had to grin and bear it (=accept it without complaining).
Experts were worried the financial system would not be able to bear the strain.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say that they can’t stand something, rather than that they can't bear it:
▪ I couldn’t stand the noise any longer.
2. can’t bear something spoken
a) to be so upset about something that you feel unable to accept it or let it happen SYN can’t stand:
Please don’t leave me. I couldn’t bear it.
can’t bear the thought of (doing) something
I just can’t bear the thought of having to start all over.
can’t bear to do something
I can’t bear to see her cry.
can’t bear doing something
I couldn’t bear not seeing him again.
b) to dislike something or someone very much, often so that they make you feel annoyed or impatient SYN can’t stand:
Oh, I really can’t bear him.
can’t bear somebody doing something
He can’t bear people smoking while he’s eating.
can’t bear doing something
I can’t bear being cold.
3. bear (something) in mind to remember a fact or piece of information that is important or could be useful in the future SYN keep (something) in mind
bear in mind (that)
Bear in mind that some children will need help.
4. ACCEPT/BE RESPONSIBLE FOR formal to be responsible for or accept something
bear the costs/burden
Each company will bear half the costs of development.
Fares have gone up, perhaps to more than the market will bear.
bear the responsibility/blame etc
Developed countries bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems.
5. SUPPORT to be under something and support it SYN hold:
My leg was painful, and I wasn’t sure it would bear my weight.
a tray bearing a bottle and several glasses
a load-bearing wall
6. SIGN/MARK formal to have or show a sign, mark, or particular appearance, especially when this shows that something has happened or is true SYN have:
The letter bore no signature.
a car bearing diplomatic license plates
The labels bear a yellow and black symbol.
The town still bears the scars of the bombings during the war.
The store bears the hallmarks (=it has the qualities) of a family-owned business.
7. bear a resemblance/relation to somebody/something to be similar to someone or something else:
The child bore a striking resemblance to his father.
The things she says bear little relation to what she actually does.
8. BABY formal to give birth to a baby:
She might never be able to bear children.
bear somebody a child/son/daughter
She bore him three sons.
9. bear fruit
a) if a plan, decision etc bears fruit, it is successful, especially after a long period of time:
Charles’s diplomacy eventually bore fruit.
b) if a tree bears fruit, it produces fruit
10. ABLE TO BE EXAMINED/COMPARED ETC [often in negatives] to be suitable or good enough to be examined, compared, repeated etc without failing or being wrong:
The production figures did not bear scrutiny.
We believe our pupils’ results will bear comparison with any in Scotland.
The story is well known, but it certainly bears repeating.
11. something doesn’t bear thinking about used to say that something is so upsetting or shocking that you prefer not to think about it:
The long-term consequences of a nuclear leak don’t bear thinking about.
12. bear interest if a bank account, ↑investment etc bears interest, the bank pays you a particular amount of money for keeping your money in the account
13. CARRY literary to carry someone or something, especially something important:
The wedding guests arrived, bearing gifts.
The US Constitution states that the people have a right to bear arms.
14. bring pressure/influence to bear (on somebody/something) to use your influence or power to get what you want:
Unions can bring pressure to bear on governments.
15. bear witness/testimony to something formal to show that something is true or exists:
The empty workshops bear witness to the industrial past.
16. HAVE FEELINGS formal to have a particular feeling, especially a bad feeling
bear (somebody) a grudge (=continue to feel annoyed after a long time)
It was an accident. I don’t bear any grudges.
bear somebody no malice/ill will etc (=not feel angry)
He was just doing his job, and I bore him no malice.
17. bear right/left to turn towards the right or left:
When you reach the fork in the trail, bear left.
18. bear yourself formal to walk, stand etc in a particular way, especially when this shows your character:
She bore herself with great dignity.
19. WIND/WATER literary if wind, water, or air bears something, it carries it somewhere:
The sound of music was borne along on the wind.
20. NAME/TITLE formal to have a particular name or title:
He bore the name ‘Magnus’.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ bear + NOUN
▪ bear the pain He knew that he couldn’t bear the pain much longer.
▪ bear the heat/cold Some people find it hard to bear the heat in the summer.
▪ bear the strain/pressure Mark couldn’t bear the pressure of the job any longer.
■ phrases
▪ can hardly bear something (=find something very difficult or upsetting to do) He was so ashamed that he could hardly bear to look at her.
▪ be unable to bear something Fiona was unable to bear the thought of selling the house.
▪ be hard to bear The situation was very hard to bear.
▪ be more than somebody can bear He sometimes felt the grief was more than he could bear.
▪ bear the brunt of something (=be in the worst position and have to deal with it) Shareholders will bear the brunt of the company’s financial troubles.
▪ grin and bear it (=accept it without complaining) It was a horrible job but she had to grin and bear it.
bear down phrasal verb
1. bear down on somebody/something
a) to move quickly towards a person or place in a threatening way:
a storm bearing down on the island
b) to behave in a threatening or controlling way towards a person or group:
Federal regulators have been bearing down on campaign contributors.
2. to use all your strength and effort to push or press down on something
bear on/upon something phrasal verb formal
to relate to and possibly influence something:
the national policies which bear on these problems
bear somebody/sth↔ out phrasal verb
if facts or information bear out a claim, story, opinion etc, they help to prove that it is true SYN support:
Evidence bears out the idea that students learn best in small groups.
bear up phrasal verb
to show courage or determination during a difficult or unpleasant time:
How is he bearing up since the accident?
bear with somebody/something phrasal verb
1. bear with me spoken used to ask someone politely to wait while you find out information, finish what you are doing etc:
Bear with me a minute, and I’ll check if Mr Garrard’s in.
2. to be patient or continue to do something difficult or unpleasant:
It’s boring, but please bear with it.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

bear / beə r / / ber / verb ( bore , borne or US also born ) (ACCEPT)

B2 [ T ] to accept, tolerate, or endure something, especially something unpleasant:

The strain must have been enormous but she bore it well.

Tell me now! I can't bear the suspense !

It's your decision - you must bear the responsibility if things go wrong.

[ + to infinitive ] He couldn't bear to see the dog in pain.

[ + -ing verb ] I can't bear be ing bored.

not bear thinking about to be too unpleasant or frightening to think about:

"What if she'd been travelling any faster?" "It doesn't bear thinking about."

bear / beə r / / ber / verb [ T ] ( bore , borne or US also born ) (HAVE)

C1 to have or continue to have something:

Their baby bears a strong resemblance/an uncanny likeness to its grandfather.

The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces.

On display were boxing gloves that bore Rocky Marciano's signature.

[ + two objects ] I don't bear them any ill feeling (= I do not continue to be angry with or dislike them) .

Thank you for your advice, I'll bear it in mind (= will remember and consider it) .

bear / beə r / / ber / verb [ T ] ( bore , borne or US also born ) (SUPPORT)

to hold or support something:

The chair, too fragile to bear her weight , collapsed.

bear / beə r / / ber / verb [ T ] ( bore , borne or US also born ) formal (PRODUCE)

C2 to give birth to young, or (of a tree or plant) to give or produce fruit or flowers:

She had borne six children by the time she was 30.

[ + two objects ] When his wife bore him a child he could not hide his delight.

Most animals bear their young in the spring.

The pear tree they planted has never borne fruit .

bear / beə r / / ber / verb [ T ] ( bore , borne or US also born ) formal (BRING)

to carry and move something to a place:

At Christmas the family descend on the house bearing gifts .

Countless waiters bore trays of drinks into the room.

The sound of the ice cream van was borne into the office on the wind.

bear / beə r / / ber / verb [ I usually + adv/prep ] ( bore , borne or US also born ) (CHANGE DIRECTION)

C1 to change direction slightly so that you are going in a particular direction:

The path followed the coastline for several miles, then bore inland.

After you go past the church keep bearing left/right .

bear / beə r / / ber / verb ( bore , borne or US also born ) (SAY)

bear testimony/witness formal to say you know from your own experience that something happened or is true:

She bore witness to his patience and diligence.

If something bears testimony to a fact, it proves that it is true:

The iron bridge bears testimony to the skills developed in that era.

bear false witness old use

to lie

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

bear

I [be͟ə(r)]VERB USES

bears, bearing, bore, borne
(Please look at category 19 to see if the expression you are looking for is shown under another headword.)
1) VERB If you bear something somewhere, you carry it there or take it there. [LITERARY]
  [V n adv/prep] They bore the oblong hardwood box into the kitchen and put it on the table.
  Syn:
  carry
  Derived words:
  -bearing COMB in ADJ ...food-bearing lorries.
2) VERB If you bear something such as a weapon, you hold it or carry it with you. [FORMAL]
  [V n] ...the constitutional right to bear arms.
  Derived words:
  -bearing COMB in ADJ ...rifle-bearing soldiers. ...hundreds of flag-bearing marchers.
3) VERB If something bears the weight of something else, it supports the weight of that thing.
  [V n] The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men.
  Syn:
  support
  Derived words:
  -bearing COMB in ADJ ...the load-bearing joints of the body.
4) VERB If something bears a particular mark or characteristic, it has that mark or characteristic.
  [V n] The houses bear the marks of bullet holes and the streets are practically deserted.
  [V n] ...note paper bearing the Presidential seal.
  [V n] ...a corporation he owned that bore his name...
  [V n] The room bore all the signs of a violent struggle.
5) VERB If you bear an unpleasant experience, you accept it because you are unable to do anything about it.
  [V n] They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war...
  [V n] He bore his sufferings manfully.
  Syn:
  endure
6) VERB: with neg If you can't bear someone or something, you dislike them very much.
  [V n/-ing] I can't bear people who make judgements and label me...
  [V n/-ing] I can't bear having to think what I'm going to say...
  [V to-inf] He can't bear to talk about it, even to me.
7) VERB If someone bears the cost of something, they pay for it.
  [V n] Patients should not have to bear the costs of their own treatment.
8) VERB If you bear the responsibility for something, you accept responsibility for it.
  [V n] If a woman makes a decision to have a child alone, she should bear that responsibility alone.
  Syn:
  accept
9) VERB: usu with brd-neg If one thing bears no resemblance or no relationship to another thing, they are not at all similar.
  [V n] Their daily menus bore no resemblance whatsoever to what they were actually fed...
  [V n] For many software packages, the price bears little relation to cost.
  Syn:
  have
10) VERB When a plant or tree bears flowers, fruit, or leaves, it produces them.
  [V n] As the plants grow and start to bear fruit they will need a lot of water.
  Syn:
  produce
  Derived words:
  -bearing COMB in ADJ ...a strong, fruit-bearing apple tree.
11) VERB If something such as a bank account or an investment bears interest, interest is paid on it.
  [V n] The eight-year bond will bear annual interest of 10.5%.
  Derived words:
  -bearing COMB in ADJ ...interest-bearing current accounts.
12) VERB When a woman bears a child, she gives birth to him or her. [OLD-FASHIONED]
  [V n] Emma bore a son called Karl...
  [V n n] She bore him a daughter, Suzanna.
13) VERB If you bear someone a feeling such as love or hate, you feel that emotion towards them. [LITERARY]
  [V n] She bore no ill will. If people didn't like her, too bad...
  [V n n] I have lived with him on the best terms and bear him friendship.
14) VERB If you bear yourself in a particular way, you move or behave in that way. [LITERARY]
  [V pron-refl adv/prep] There was elegance and simple dignity in the way he bore himself.
  Syn:
  carry
15) VERB If you bear left or bear right when you are driving or walking along, you turn and continue in that direction.
  [V adv] Go left onto the A107 and bear left into Seven Sisters Road.
  Syn:
  veer
16) → See also bore, borne
17) PHRASE: V inflects If you bring something to bear on a situation, you use it to deal with that situation.
  British scientists have brought computer science to bear on this problem.
18) PHRASE: V inflects If you bring pressure or influence to bear on someone, you use it to try and persuade them to do something.
  His companions brought pressure to bear on him, urging him to stop wasting money.
19) bear the brunt of → see brunt
bear comparison → see comparison
bear fruit → see fruit
grin and bear it → see grin
bear in mind → see mind
bear witness → see witness
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - bear down
  - bear out
  - bear up
  - bear withII [be͟ə(r)]NOUN USES
bears
(Please look at category 3 to see if the expression you are looking for is shown under another headword.)
1) N-COUNT A bear is a large, strong wild animal with thick fur and sharp claws.
2) N-COUNT: usu pl On the stock market, bears are people who sell shares in expectation of a drop in price, in order to make a profit by buying them back again after a short time. Compare bull.
3) teddy bear → see teddy
→ See also polar bear

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

bear

²bear verb bears; bore /ˈboɚ/; borne /ˈboɚn/; bear·ing
1 : to accept or endure (something)

[+ obj]

• He bore [=tolerated] their insults patiently.
- usually used in questions and negative statements with can, can't, could, and couldn't
• He could hardly bear [=stand] the pain.
• I can't bear cold weather. [=I strongly dislike cold weather]
• I couldn't bear the suspense.
• I can't bear it if/when people behave like that!
• I can't bear doing this. = I can't bear to do this.
• How can you bear to see him again after the way he's treated you?
• I couldn't bear you to get the wrong idea.
• I couldn't bear his behavior. = His behavior was more than I could bear.
• I couldn't bear the thought/idea of moving again.

[no obj]

(US) - + for
• I couldn't bear for you to get the wrong idea.
2 [+ obj] : to be worthy of (something) : to deserve or allow (something)
• a joke too silly to bear repeating [=a joke that is too silly to be worth repeating]
• It's so horrible it doesn't bear thinking about! [=it's so horrible that I don't want to think about it]
• a symphony that can bear comparison with Beethoven's best
• a plan that will not bear [=withstand] close scrutiny/examination
• suspicious behavior that bears watching [=that should be watched]
3 [+ obj] : to assume or accept (something, such as cost or responsibility)
• The company agreed to bear the costs/expenses.
• The criminals must bear full responsibility for the deaths of these innocent people.
• Who will bear the blame for this tragedy?
4 [+ obj] somewhat formal + literary : to move while holding up and supporting (something) : carry
• The demonstrators bore banners and sang songs.
• They arrived bearing gifts.
• The leaves were borne aloft/away by the wind.
• disease-bearing germs [=germs that carry and spread diseases]
• germ-borne diseases [=diseases that are carried and spread by germs]
• He believes that citizens should have the right to bear arms. [=to carry weapons]
✦If something is borne in on/upon you, it is made very clear to you. This is a formal phrase.
• It was borne in on us by the new evidence that prompt action was very important. [=the new evidence strongly indicated that prompt action was very important]
5 [+ obj]
a : to have (something) as a feature or characteristic
• His leg was badly injured in the accident and it still bears [=shows] the scars/wounds/marks.
• His face bears marks/signs of suffering.
• Your conclusion bears [=has] no relation to the evidence.
• She bore a resemblance to her aunt. [=she looked like her aunt]
b : to have a surface on which something is written, drawn, etc.
• The cornerstone bears a Latin inscription.
• a letter bearing the date of 1900
• a shield bearing strange symbols
c : to have (a name, price, etc.)
• He bore the name (of) John.
• The store sells imported goods bearing [=having, with] high prices.
d : to have or hold (a feeling) in the mind
• She still bears a grudge against him. = She still bears him a grudge.
• She says she bears him no resentment for the way he treated her.
• I can't deny the love I still bear [=feel] for her.
6 [+ obj]
a formal : to give birth to (a child)
• She has borne three children.
• She has borne her husband three children.
b : to produce (something)
• a bank account that bears interest = an interest-bearing bank account
• a bush that bears red flowers
• trees that bear fruit
- see also bear fruit (below)
7 [+ obj] : to support the weight of (something)
• How much weight is that wall able to bear?
8 [no obj] : to go, move, or turn in a specified direction
• Bear south.
• The road bears (to the) right.
• When you get to the fork in the road, you should bear [=turn] left.

Do not confuse bear with bare.

bear down [phrasal verb] US : to use all of your strength and effort to do something : to try very hard to do something
• The pitcher bore down and struck out the last batter.
• If we're going to finish on time, we really have to bear down.
bear down on [phrasal verb]
1 bear down on (something) : to push or lean down on (something)
• The old man bore down heavily on his cane.
• She bore down hard on her pencil.
2 bear down on (someone) : to place pressure on (someone)
• Don't let your problems bear down too hard on you. [=don't let your problems weigh you down]
3 bear down on (someone or something) : to approach or move toward (something or someone) quickly and in a frightening or impressive way
• The enemy battleship bore down on us.
bear fruit : to produce a desired result or reward
• All his plans have finally borne fruit. [=all his plans have finally been realized]
- see also ²bear 6b (above)
bear in mind
- see ¹mind
bear on [phrasal verb] bear on (something) formal
1 : to have an effect on (something)
• Personal feelings did not bear on our decision. [=did not affect or influence our decision]
2 : to apply or relate to (something)
• What are the facts bearing directly on this matter?
bear out [phrasal verb] bear out (something or someone) or bear (something or someone) out : to show the correctness of (something or someone)
• The facts bore out [=confirmed] her story. [=the facts showed that her story was true]
• Research has fully borne him out. [=has shown that he was completely correct]
bear up [phrasal verb] : to not be overwhelmed during a time of trouble, pain, etc.
• She's been going through a tough time, but she's bearing up pretty well.
- often + under
• She has found it hard to bear up under the strain.
bear with [phrasal verb] bear with (someone) : to be patient with (someone)
• I'll have that information for you soon. Just bear with me for another minute or two.
bear witness
- see ¹witness
bear yourself formal : to move, stand, or behave in a specified way
• The soldier bore himself [=carried himself] stiffly upright.
• The soldier never failed to bear himself [=conduct himself, behave] courageously on the battlefield.
• He always bore himself [=behaved] like a gentleman.
bring (something) to bear : to cause (something) to have an effect or influence
• The company's new president brings 30 years of experience to bear.
• If we hope to resolve these issues, more resources must be brought to bear.
- often used with on
• They will bring their considerable skills/talent/experience/knowledge to bear on the problem.
• The demonstrators will continue to bring pressure to bear on the government.
cross to bear
- see ¹cross
grin and bear it
- see grin

American English

British English

tolerating and enduring

B2 (بالای متوسط)

verb

pattern

pattern [verb]

to be designed or made in a way that is copied from something else

/ˈpætən/

الگوبرداری، سرمشق قرار دادن

مثال:

The exam system is patterned after the one used in Japan.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

pattern

noun

1 the way in which something happens or develops:
Her days all seemed to follow the same pattern.

2 shapes and colours on something:
The curtains had a pattern of flowers and leaves.

3 a thing that you copy when you make something:
I bought some material and a pattern to make a new skirt.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

II. pattern² BrE AmE verb [transitive]
1. be patterned on/after something to be designed or made in a way that is copied from something else:
The exam system is patterned after the one used in Japan.
2. literary to form a pattern on something:
Tiny white flowers patterned the ground like confetti.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

verb
1. ~ sth to form a regular arrangement of lines or shapes on sth
• Frost patterned the window.

• a landscape patterned by vineyards

2. ~ sth (technical) to cause a particular type of behaviour to develop
• Adult behaviour is often patterned by childhood experiences.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:

Middle English patron ‘something serving as a model’, from Old French from Latin patronus ‘protector of clients, defender’, from pater, patr- ‘father’. The change in sense is from the idea of a patron giving an example to be copied. By 1700 patron ceased to be used of things, and the two forms became differentiated in sense.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

pattern

[pæ̱tə(r)n]

patterns
1) N-COUNT: oft the N of n A pattern is the repeated or regular way in which something happens or is done.
  All three attacks followed the same pattern...
  A change in the pattern of his breathing became apparent.
2) N-COUNT A pattern is an arrangement of lines or shapes, especially a design in which the same shape is repeated at regular intervals over a surface.
  ...a golden robe embroidered with red and purple thread stitched into a pattern of flames.
3) N-COUNT A pattern is a diagram or shape that you can use as a guide when you are making something such as a model or a piece of clothing.
  ...cutting out a pattern for trousers...
  Send for our free patterns to knit yourself.
  ...sewing patterns.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

pattern

²pattern verb -terns; -terned; -tern·ing [+ obj]
1 : to make or design (something) so that it is similar to something else of the same type - usually used as (be) patterned + on or (US) after
• Her garden is patterned on [=modeled on] one she saw on her travels.
• The new program is patterned after an earlier one.
2 : to decorate or mark (something) with a design : to form a pattern on (something)
• Animals tracks patterned the mud.
pattern yourself on or US pattern yourself after : to try to be like and to behave like (someone you admire)
• When he started his own business, he patterned himself after [=modeled himself after] his father. [=he tried to do the things that his father would do]

enjoy

enjoy [verb] (PLEASURE)

to get pleasure from something

/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

لذت‌ بردن‌، خوش گذراندن

مثال:

I really enjoyed that film/book/concert/party/meal.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

enjoy

verb (enjoys, enjoying, enjoyed )
to like something very much:
I enjoy playing football.
Did you enjoy your dinner?

enjoy yourself to be happy; to have a good time:
I really enjoyed myself at the party.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

enjoy

en‧joy S1 W1 /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ BrE AmE verb [transitive]
[Word Family: verb: ↑enjoy; noun: ↑enjoyment; adverb: ↑enjoyably; adjective: ↑enjoyable]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: enjoir, from Latin gaudere 'to show great happiness']
1. to get pleasure from something:
Sandra enjoys her job in the city.
I enjoyed every minute of it.
enjoy doing something
Young children enjoy helping around the house.
enjoy yourself (=be happy in a particular situation)
Julia was just starting to enjoy herself.
► Enjoy always has an object and is never followed by a preposition or an infinitive with ‘to’: Did you enjoy it (NOT Did you enjoy)? | I enjoyed my trip (NOT I enjoyed to/with my trip). | He enjoys playing football (NOT He enjoys to play football).
2. formal to have a particular ability or advantage:
These workers enjoy a high level of job security.
3. enjoy! spoken used to say that you hope someone gets pleasure from something you give them:
Here’s your steak – enjoy!

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

enjoy

enjoy [enjoy enjoys enjoyed enjoying] [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] [ɪnˈdʒɔɪ] verb
1. transitive to get pleasure from sth
• ~ sth We thoroughly enjoyed our time in New York.
• Thanks for a great evening. I really enjoyed it.

• ~ doing sth I enjoy playing tennis and squash.

2. transitive ~ yourself to be happy and get pleasure from what you are doing

• They all enjoyed themselves at the party.

3. transitive ~ sth (formal) to have sth good that is an advantage to you
• People in this country enjoy a high standard of living.

• He's always enjoyed good health.

4. intransitive enjoy! (informal) used to say that you hope sb gets pleasure from sth that you are giving them or recommending to them
• Here's that book I promised you. Enjoy!

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

enjoy / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ / verb [ T ] (PLEASURE)

A1 to get pleasure from something:

I really enjoyed that film/book/concert/party/meal.

[ + -ing verb ] I want to travel because I enjoy meet ing people and see ing new places.

enjoy yourself A2 to get pleasure from the situation that you are in:

I don't think Marie is enjoying herself very much at school.

Come on, why aren't you dancing? Enjoy yourselves!

enjoy! informal something you say to someone when you have given them something and you want them to enjoy it:

Here are your drinks. Enjoy!

enjoy / ɪnˈdʒɔɪ / verb [ T ] (ADVANTAGE)

C2 to have something good that is an advantage:

Even though he's 86, he enjoys excellent health.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

enjoy

[ɪnʤɔ͟ɪ]

enjoys, enjoying, enjoyed
1) VERB If you enjoy something, you find pleasure and satisfaction in doing it or experiencing it.
  [V n/-ing] Ross had always enjoyed the company of women...
  [V n/-ing] He was a guy who enjoyed life to the full...
  [V n/-ing] I enjoyed playing cricket.
2) VERB If you enjoy yourself, you do something that you like doing or you take pleasure in the situation that you are in.
  [V pron-refl] I must say I am really enjoying myself at the moment.
3) VERB If you enjoy something such as a right, benefit, or privilege, you have it. [FORMAL]
  [V n] The average German will enjoy 40 days' paid holiday this year...
  [V n] He enjoys a reputation for honesty.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

enjoy

en·joy /ɪnˈʤoɪ/ verb -joys; -joyed; -joy·ing [+ obj]
1 : to take pleasure in (something)
• Did you enjoy [=like] the movie?
• Relax and enjoy the view.
• He always enjoys a good laugh.
• No one enjoys being teased.
✦In speech, enjoy is sometimes used by itself as an informal way of saying that you hope someone will enjoy something.
• Here is your pie. Enjoy! [=enjoy it; enjoy yourself]
2 : to have or experience (something good or helpful)
• She enjoyed great success in her new business.
• The show enjoyed a brief surge of popularity.
• They enjoyed a large income from their investments.
enjoy yourself : to have a good time : to spend time doing something that gives you pleasure
• He really enjoyed himself at the party.
- en·joy·able /ɪnˈʤojəbəl/ adj [more ~; most ~]
• We had an enjoyable time.
- en·joy·ably /ɪnˈʤojəbli/ adv
• The book is enjoyably silly.

American English

British English

taking pleasure in something

A1 (پایه)

verb

cease

cease [verb]

to stop something

/siːs/

متوقف شدن، متوقف کردن

مثال:

The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

cease

verb (ceases, ceasing, ceased ) (formal)
to stop:
Fighting in the area has now ceased.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

cease

I. cease¹ W3 AC /siːs/ BrE AmE verb [intransitive and transitive]
[Word Family: noun: ↑cessation, ↑cease; verb: ↑cease; adverb: ↑ceaselessly; adjective: ↑ceaseless]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: cesser, from Latin cessare 'to delay', from cedere; ⇨ ↑cede]
1. formal to stop doing something or stop happening
cease to do something
He ceased to be a member of the association.
The things people will do for charity never cease to amaze me (=I am always surprised by them).
cease doing something
the decision to cease using CFCs in packaging
The rain ceased and the sky cleared.
cease trading/production/operations etc (=stop operating a business)
The company ceased production at their Norwich plant last year.
cease fire! (=used to order soldiers to stop shooting)
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually use stop rather than cease:
▪ They have stopped using CFCs in packaging.
▪ The rain stopped just as the fireworks began.
2. cease and desist law to stop doing something
⇨ ↑ceasefire, ⇨ wonders will never cease at ↑wonder²(5)

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

cease / siːs / verb [ I or T ] formal

B2 to stop something:

Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.

The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.

[ + to infinitive ] Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

cease

[si͟ːs]
♦♦♦
ceases, ceasing, ceased
1) VERB If something ceases, it stops happening or existing. [FORMAL]
  At one o'clock the rain had ceased.
  Syn:
  stop
2) VERB If you cease to do something, you stop doing it. [FORMAL]
  [V to-inf] He never ceases to amaze me...
  [V to-inf] The secrecy about the President's condition had ceased to matter...
  [V -ing] A small number of firms have ceased trading.
3) VERB If you cease something, you stop it happening or working. [FORMAL]
  [V n] The Tundra Times, a weekly newspaper in Alaska, ceased publication this week.
  Syn:
  stop

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

cease

cease /ˈsiːs/ verb ceas·es; ceased; ceas·ing formal
1 [no obj] : to stop happening : to end
• The fighting along the border has temporarily ceased.
• The conversation abruptly ceased. [=halted]
• The noise ceased [=stopped] altogether.
• when the weary cease from their labors [=when people who are very tired stop working]
• The company was ordered by the court to cease and desist from selling the photographs. [=was ordered to immediately stop selling the photographs]
- see also cease and desist order
2 [+ obj] : to stop doing (something)
• The factory ceased operations last year.
• The child would not cease his constant whining/complaining.
• The soldiers were ordered to cease fire. [=to stop shooting their weapons]
- often followed by to + verb
• The program would cease to exist without private funding.
• He had long ceased to have any regrets.
• Her courage never ceases to amaze me. [=I am always amazed by her courage]
- see also cease-fire
wonders never cease
- see ¹wonder

American English

British English

causing something to end

B2 (بالای متوسط)

verb

deserve

deserve [verb]

to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have

/dɪˈzɝːv/

/dɪˈzɜːv/

سزاوار بودن‌

مثال:

After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

deserve

verb (deserves, deserving, deserved )
to be good or bad enough to have something:
You have worked very hard and you deserve a rest.
They stole money from old people, so they deserve to go to prison.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

deserve

de‧serve S3 W3 /dɪˈzɜːv $ -ɜːrv/ BrE AmE verb [transitive]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin deservire 'to serve very keenly', from servire 'to serve']
1. to have earned something by good or bad actions or behaviour:
What have I done to deserve this?
deserve to do something
We didn’t deserve to win.
richly/fully/thoroughly etc deserve something
the success he so richly deserves
I’m sorry for the kids. They deserve better (=deserve to be treated in a better way).
deserve a rest/break/holiday etc
I think we deserve a rest after all that hard work.
Ledley deserves a place in the team.
Paula deserves a special mention for all the help she has given us.
I would never hit anyone, even if they deserved it.
What has he done to deserve this punishment?
deserve all/everything you get (=deserve any bad things that happen to you)
He deserves all he gets for being so dishonest.
People who are sent to prison for drunk-driving get what they deserve.
2. deserve consideration/attention etc if a suggestion, idea, or plan deserves consideration, attention etc, it is good enough to be considered, paid attention to etc SYN merit:
This proposal deserves serious consideration.
3. somebody deserves a medal spoken used to say that you admire the way someone dealt with a situation or problem
somebody deserves a medal for
You deserve a medal for putting up with Ian’s constant demands.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ nouns
▪ deserve a rest/break/holiday etc Once the students have done their exams they deserve a break.
▪ deserve a chance Everybody deserves a second chance.
▪ deserve respect Our police officers deserve our respect.
▪ deserve credit/praise The team played really well and they deserve credit for it.
▪ deserve support This is a splendid proposal which deserves our support.
▪ deserve recognition (=public respect and thanks) The teaching profession deserves more recognition.
▪ deserve better (also deserve a better deal) (=deserve to be treated better or to be in a better situation) They treated him badly at work and I thought he deserved better.
▪ deserve a (special) mention (=used especially in speeches to mention someone's good work or actions) Richard deserves a special mention for all his hard work on this project.
▪ deserve a place You need top grades to deserve a place at the best universities.
▪ deserve punishment If you commit a crime, you have deserved punishment.
■ adverbs
▪ thoroughly/fully deserve something He didn't work so he thoroughly deserved his poor marks.
▪ richly deserve something (=greatly deserve something good that happens) Her success was richly deserved.
▪ well deserved The restaurant has a well deserved reputation for excellent fish.
■ phrases
▪ get what you deserve (=experience something bad after you have behaved badly) I like films where the bad guys get what they deserve.
▪ deserve all/everything you get (=deserve any bad things that happen to you) She's behaved really stupidly and she deserves all she gets.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

deserve

de·serve [deserve deserves deserved deserving] [dɪˈzɜːv] [dɪˈzɜːrv] verb
(not used in the progressive tenses) if sb/sth deserves sth, it is right that they should have it, because of the way they have behaved or because of what they are
• ~ sth You deserve a rest after all that hard work.
• The report deserves careful consideration.
• One player in particular deserves a mention.
• What have I done to deserve this?
• ~ to do sth They didn't deserve to win.
• He deserves to be locked up for ever for what he did.
• ~ doing sth Several other points deserve mentioning.
more at one good turn deserves another at turn _n.
Idioms: deserve all you get ▪ get what you deserve ▪ somebody deserves a medal
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French deservir, from Latin deservire ‘serve well or zealously’.
Thesaurus:
deserve verb T
• You deserve a rest after all that work.
earn • |formal merit •
deserve/earn a rest/drink
deserve/merit a mention
deserve/merit attention/consideration/recognition
Deserve or earn? Deserve can be used to talk about either sth pleasant sb should have for doing good, or a punishment for sth bad; earn is only used to talk about sth good.
Example Bank:
• He finally received the recognition that he so richly deserved.
• His work received only a tiny mention in the journal; he deserves better.
• It's true she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job.
• Philip's efforts clearly deserve praise.
• She deserves some reward for all her hard work.
• This hotel fully deserves its four-star grading.
• You really deserve a medal!

• They didn't deserve to win.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

deserve / dɪˈzɜːv / / -ˈzɝːv / verb [ T not continuous ]

B1 to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have:

After all that hard work, you deserve a holiday.

Chris deserves our special thanks for all his efforts.

I hope they get the punishment they deserve.

[ + to infinitive ] They certainly deserved to win that match.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

deserve

[dɪzɜ͟ː(r)v]
deserves, deserving, deserved
1) VERB If you say that a person or thing deserves something, you mean that they should have it or receive it because of their actions or qualities.
  [V n] Government officials clearly deserve some of the blame as well...
  [V n] They know the sport inside out, and we treat them with the respect they deserve...
  [V to-inf] These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage...
  [V to-inf] His children's books are classics that deserve to be much better known...
  [V compar] By the time I left he'd become pretty hostile. I felt I deserved better than that...
  [V-ed] The Park Hotel has been in business since 1834 and has a well-deserved reputation.
2) PHRASE (feelings) If you say that someone got what they deserved, you mean that they deserved the bad thing that happened to them, and you have no sympathy for them.
  One of them said the two dead joy riders got what they deserved.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

deserve

de·serve /dɪˈzɚv/ verb -serves; -served; -serv·ing [+ obj]
- used to say that someone or something should or should not have or be given something
• She deserves another chance.
• He doesn't deserve the award.
• Every defendant deserves a fair trial.
• The newspaper deserves a lot of credit for calling attention to the problem.
• I think the idea deserves [=merits] consideration.
• The story deserves telling. [=the story should be told; the story is important enough to tell]
• What did I do to deserve this kind of harsh treatment? [=you should not treat me this way]
• She believes that people eventually get what they deserve.
• He deserves a medal for coming up with a solution so quickly. [=he did something very good and impressive by coming up with a solution so quickly]
- often followed by to + verb
• Anyone who will not use a map deserves to get lost.
• They deserve to be punished.
• He deserves to win.
- deserved /dɪˈzɚvd/ adj
• a well-deserved vacation/break
• a deserved win/victory/reputation
• The award/criticism was not deserved.
- de·serv·ed·ly /dɪˈzɚvədli/ adv
• She was deservedly praised for her generosity.
• He has been accused of being selfish, and deservedly so. [=he deserves to be called selfish; it is reasonable to call him selfish because of his behavior]

American English

British English

deserving and deserved

B1 (متوسط)

verb

believe

believe [verb] (MEANING)

to think that something is true, correct, or real

/bɪˈliːv/

باور كردن‌، اعتقاد داشتن

مثال:

She's arriving tomorrow, I believe.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

believe

verb (believes, believing, believed )

1 to feel sure that something is true; to feel sure that what somebody says is true:
Long ago, people believed that the earth was flat.
She says she didn't take the money. Do you believe her?

2 to think that something is true or possible, although you are not certain:
'Does Mick still work here?' 'I believe so.'

believe in somebody or something to feel sure that somebody or something exists:
Do you believe in ghosts?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

believe

be‧lieve S1 W1 /bəˈliːv, bɪˈliːv/ BrE AmE verb
[Word Family: noun: ↑belief, ↑disbelief, ↑believer; adjective: ↑believable ≠ ↑unbelievable, ↑disbelieving; verb: ↑believe ≠ ↑disbelieve; adverb: ↑unbelievably]
[Language: Old English; Origin: belefan, from lyfan, lefan 'to allow, believe']
1. [transitive not in progressive] to be sure that something is true or that someone is telling the truth:
You shouldn’t believe everything you read.
I believed him, even though his story sounded unlikely.
believe (that)
I don’t believe he’s only 25.
I don’t believe a word of it (=I think it is completely untrue).
2. [transitive not in progressive] to think that something is true or possible, although you are not completely sure
believe (that)
Detectives believe that the victim knew his killer.
it is believed (that)
It is believed that the house was built in 1735.
believe so (=think that something is true)
‘Have they arrived yet?’ ‘Yes, I believe so.’
be believed to be something
At 115, Mrs Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.
The four men are widely believed (=believed by a lot of people) to have been killed by their captors.
Did you honestly believe that I’d be stupid enough to do that?
I firmly believe that the business will be a success.
3. it’s difficult/hard to believe (that) used when you are surprised that something is true:
Sometimes, it’s hard to believe we’ve been married for 50 years.
• • •
SPOKEN PHRASES
4. can’t/don’t believe something used when you are very surprised or shocked by something:
I can’t believe he’s expecting us to work on Sunday!
I couldn’t believe it when he told me what had happened.
can hardly/scarcely believe something
I could scarcely believe my luck.
5. believe it or not used when you are saying something that is true but surprising:
He enjoys school, believe it or not.
6. would you believe it! (also I don’t believe it!) used when you are surprised or angry about something:
And then he just walked out. Would you believe it!
7. believe (you) me used to emphasize that something is definitely true:
There’ll be trouble when they find out about this, believe you me!
8. you’d better believe it! used to emphasize that something is true
9. don’t you believe it! used to emphasize that something is definitely not true
10. can’t believe your eyes/ears used to say that someone is very surprised by something they see or hear
11. if you believe that, you’ll believe anything used to say that something is definitely not true, and that anyone who believes it must be stupid
12. seeing is believing (also I’ll believe it when I see it) used to say that you will only believe that something happens or exists when you actually see it
13. [intransitive] to have a religious faith:
She says those who believe will go to heaven.
⇨ make believe at ↑make¹(19)
• • •
THESAURUS
■ to believe something
▪ believe to be sure that something is true or that someone is telling the truth: I believed her when she said that she loved me. | Don’t believe anything he tells you.
▪ accept to believe that something is true, especially because someone has persuaded you to believe it: His wife accepted his explanation for why he was late. | Leah had slowly come to accept her brother’s version of events.
▪ take sb’s word for it especially spoken to believe what someone says is true, even though you have no proof or experience of it: I don’t know anything about him, so I’ll just have to take your word for it. | You don’t have to take my word for it – go and see for yourself. | ‘Cakes are very easy to make.’ ‘I’ll take your word for it.’
▪ give somebody the benefit of the doubt to believe what someone says, even though you think it might not be true: Unless you have proof, you should give him the benefit of the doubt.
■ to believe something that is untrue
▪ be taken in (also fall for something informal) to be tricked into believing something that is not true: A lot of people were taken in by these claims. | I can’t believe she fell for that old excuse!
▪ swallow informal to believe a story or explanation that is not true, especially when this makes you seem silly: His aunt had swallowed his story unquestioningly. | Police refused to swallow his story, and put him in a cell.
believe in somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to be sure that someone or something exists:
Do you believe in God?
2. to think that something is effective or right:
I don’t believe in these diets.
believe in doing something
The school believes in letting children learn at their own pace.
3. to trust someone and be confident that they will be successful:
The people want a president they can believe in.
Believe in yourself, or you’ll never succeed.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

believe

be·lieve [believe believes believed believing] [bɪˈliːv] [bɪˈliːv] verb

(not used in the progressive tenses)

FEEL CERTAIN
1. transitive to feel certain that sth is true or that sb is telling you the truth
• ~ sb I don't believe you!
• The man claimed to be a social worker and the old woman believed him.
• Believe me, she's not right for you.
• ~ sth I believed his lies for years.
• I find that hard to believe.
• Don't believe a word of it (= don't believe any part of what sb is saying).
• ~ (that)… People used to believe (that) the earth was flat.
• He refused to believe (that) his son was involved in drugs.

• I do believe you're right (= I think sth is true, even though it is surprising).

THINK POSSIBLE

2. intransitive, transitive to think that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain
• ‘Where does she come from?’ ‘Spain, I believe.’
• ‘Does he still work there?’ ‘I believe so/not.’
• ~ (that)… Police believe (that) the man may be armed.
• it is believed (that)… It is believed that the couple have left the country.
• ~ sb/sth to be, have, etc. sth The vases are believed to be worth over $20 000 each.

• ~ sb/sth + adj. Three sailors are missing, believed drowned.

HAVE OPINION

3. transitive ~ (that)… to have the opinion that sth is right or true
• The party believes (that) education is the most important issue facing the government.

• She believes that killing animals for food or fur is completely immoral.

BE SURPRISED/ANNOYED

4. transitive don't/can't ~ used to say that you are surprised or annoyed at sth
• ~ (that)… She couldn't believe (that) it was all happening again.
• I don't believe I'm doing this!

• ~ how, what, etc… I can't believe how much better I feel.

RELIGION

5. intransitive to have a religious faith
• The god appears only to those who believe.
more at give sb to believe/understand at give _v.
Idioms: I don't believe it! ▪ believe it or not ▪ believe me ▪ don't you believe it! ▪ if you believe that, you'll believe anything ▪ make believe ▪ not believe your ears ▪ seeing is believing ▪ would you believe? ▪ you better believe it!
Derived: believe in somebody ▪ believe in something ▪ believe something of somebody
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
late Old English belȳfan, belēfan, alteration of gelēfan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch geloven and German glauben.
Thesaurus:
believe verb
1. T, I
• I don't believe you!
• Do you believe in God?
trust • • have confidence in sb/sth • • have faith in sb/sth •
Opp: doubt, (formal) Opp: disbelieve
believe/trust/have confidence/have faith in sb/sth
2. T
• She believes that eating meat is wrong.
think • • feel • • consider • • be under the impression that… • |especially BrE, informal reckon • |formal hold •
believe/think/feel/consider/be under the impression/reckon/hold that…
Believe or think? When you are talking about an idea of what is true or possible, use believe to talk about other people and think to talk about yourself
• Police believe (that) the man may be armed.
• I think this is their house, but I'm not sure.
Use believe to talk about matters of principle; use think to talk about practical matters or matters of personal taste
• I believe we have a responsibility towards the less fortunate in society.
• I think we should reserve seats in advance.
• I don't think he's funny at all.

Language Bank:
according to
Reporting someone's opinion
▪ Photography is, according to ▪ Vidal, the art form of untalented people.
For ▪ Vidal, photography is the art form of untalented people.
▪ His view is that ▪ photography is not art but merely the mechanical reproduction of images.
▪ Smith takes the view that ▪ photography is both an art and a science.
In ▪ Brown's view ▪, photography should be treated as a legitimate art in its own right.
▪ James is of the opinion that ▪ a good painter can always be a good photographer if he or she so decides.
▪ Emerson believed that ▪ a photograph should only reflect what the human eye can see.
Language Banks at argue, opinion
Language Bank:
opinion
Giving your personal opinion
In my opinion ▪, everyone should have some understanding of science.
▪ Everyone should, in my opinion ▪, have some understanding of science.
It seems to me that ▪ many people in this country have a poor understanding of science.
▪ This is, in my view ▪, the result of a failure of the scientific community to get its message across.
▪ Another reason why so many people have such a poor understanding of science is, I believe ▪, the lack of adequate funding for science in schools.
▪ Smith argues that science is separate from culture. My own view is that ▪ science belongs with literature, art, philosophy and religion as an integral part of our culture.
In this writer's opinion ▪, the more the public know about science, the less they will fear and distrust it.
Synonyms at think
Language Banks at according to, argue, impersonal, nevertheless, perhaps
Synonyms:
think
believe • feel • reckon • be under the impression
These words all mean to have an idea that sth is true or possible or to have a particular opinion about sb/sth.
think • to have an idea that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain; to have a particular opinion about sb/sth: ▪ Do you think (that) they'll come? ◊ ▪ Well, I like it. What do you think?
believe • to have an idea that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain; to have a particular opinion about sb/sth: ▪ Police believe (that) the man may be armed.
think or believe?
When you are expressing an idea that you have or that sb has of what is true or possible, believe is more formal than think. It is used especially for talking about ideas that other people have; think is used more often for talking about your own ideas: ▪ Police believe… ◊ ▪ I think… When you are expressing an opinion, believe is stronger than think and is used especially for matters of principle; think is used more for practical matters or matters of personal taste.
feel • to have a particular opinion about sth that has happened or about what you/sb ought to do: ▪ We all felt (that) we were unlucky to lose.
reckon • (informal) to think that sth is true or possible: ▪ I reckon (that) I'm going to get that job.
be under the impression that… • to have an idea that sth is true: ▪ I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.
to think/believe/feel/reckon/be under the impression that…
It is thought/believed/reckoned that…
to be thought/believed/felt/reckoned to be sth
to think/believe/feel sth about sb/sth
to sincerely/honestly/seriously/mistakenly think/believe/feel
Synonyms:
trust
depend on sb/sth • rely on sb/sth • count on sb/sth • believe in sb
These words all mean to believe that sb/sth will do what you hope or expect of them or that what they tell you is correct or true.
trust • to believe that sb is good, honest, sincere, etc. and that they will do what you expect of them or do the right thing; to believe that sth is true or correct: ▪ You can trust me not to tell anyone. ◊ ▪ Don't trust what you read in the newspapers!
depend on/upon sb/sth • (often used with can/cannot/could/could not) to trust sb/sth to do what you expect or want, to do the right thing, or to be true or correct: ▪ He was the sort of person you could depend on. ◊ ▪ Can you depend on her version of what happened?
rely on/upon sb/sth • (used especially with can/cannot/could/could not and should/should not) to trust sb/sth to do what you expect or want, or to be honest, correct or good enough: ▪ Can I rely on you to keep this secret? ◊ ▪ You can't rely on any figures you get from them.
trust, depend or rely on/upon sb/sth?
You can trust a person but not a thing or system. You can trust sb's judgement or advice, but not their support. You can depend on sb's support, but not their judgement or advice. Rely on/upon sb/sth is used especially with you can/could or you should to give advice or a promise: I don't really rely on his judgement. ◊ ▪ You can't really rely on his judgement.
count on sb/sth • (often used with can/cannot/could/could not) to be sure that sb will do what you need them to do, or that sth will happen as you want it to happen: ▪ I'm counting on you to help me. ◊ ▪ We can't count on the good weather lasting.
believe in sb • to feel that you can trust sb and/or that they will be successful: ▪ They need a leader they can believe in.
to trust/depend on/rely on/count on sb/sth to do sth
to trust/believe in sb/sth
to trust/rely on sb's advice/judgement
to depend on/rely on/count on sb's support
to completely trust/depend on/rely on/believe in sb/sth
Example Bank:
• I couldn't believe what I was hearing.
• I didn't believe a word of what he said.
• I personally believe that it's important.
• I'm inclined to believe you.
• I've long believed that a good reputation is the most valuable asset you can have in business.
• It's hard to believe that this campaign has been going on for ten years.
• No one seriously believes that this war will happen.
• Paul thinks he's happy, but his mother believes otherwise.
• The ad led us to believe that all prices had been cut.
• The boss gave me to believe that we would all get a pay rise.
• We have reason to believe that the escaped prisoner may be hiding in this house.
• ‘Does he still work there?’ ‘I believe so/not.’
• ‘Where does she come from?’ ‘Spain, I believe.’
• Believe me, she's not right for you.
• Don't believe a word of it.
• He refuses to believe his son was involved with drugs.
• I believe that we have a responsibility towards the less fortunate in society.
• I don't believe you!
• I find that very hard to believe.
• It was generally believed that evil spirits lived in the forest.
• No one seriously believed that the war would happen.
• People used to believe that the earth was flat.
• Police believe…
• She believes that killing animals for food or fur is completely immoral.
• The paintings are believed to be worth over $20 000 each.

• We believe (that) education is the most important issue facing the government.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

believe / bɪˈliːv / verb [ T ]

A2 to think that something is true, correct, or real:

Strangely, no one believed us when we told them we'd been visited by a creature from Mars.

[ + that ] He believes that all children are born with equal intelligence.

She's arriving tomorrow, I believe.

"Is she coming alone?" "We believe not/so (= we think she is not/is) ."

[ + obj + to infinitive ] I believe her to be the finest violinist in the world.

[ + obj + adj ] All the crew are missing, believed dead.

not believe a word of it to not believe that something is true:

He told me she was just a friend, but I don't believe a word of it!

believe it or not B1 ( also would you believe it? ) said when telling someone about something that is true, although it seems unlikely:

He's upstairs doing his homework, believe it or not.

if you believe that, you'll believe anything! informal something that you say to emphasize that something is obviously not true:

He said the car in front backed into him, and if you believe that, you'll believe anything!

make believe to pretend or imagine:

Let's make believe (that) we're pirates.

→ See also make-believe

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

believe

[bɪli͟ːv]
♦
believes, believing, believed
1) VERB If you believe that something is true, you think that it is true, but you are not sure. [FORMAL]
  [V that] Experts believe that the coming drought will be extensive...
  [V that] I believe you have something of mine...
  [V that] The main problem, I believe, lies elsewhere...
  [V n to-inf] We believe them to be hidden here in this apartment...
  [V so/not] `You've never heard of him?' - `I don't believe so.' [Also V n adj]
  Syn:
  think
2) VERB If you believe someone or if you believe what they say or write, you accept that they are telling the truth.
  [V n] He did not sound as if he believed her...
  [V n] Never believe anything a married man says about his wife...
  [V n] Don't believe what you read in the papers.
  Ant:
  disbelieve
3) VERB If you believe in fairies, ghosts, or miracles, you are sure that they exist or happen. If you believe in a god, you are sure of the existence of that god.
  [V in n] I don't believe in ghosts...
  [V in n] Do you believe in magic? [Also V]
4) VERB If you believe in a way of life or an idea, you are in favour of it because you think it is good or right.
  [V in n] He believed in marital fidelity.
  [V in n] ...decent candidates who believed in democracy.
5) VERB If you believe in someone or what they are doing, you have confidence in them and think that they will be successful.
  [V in n] If you believe in yourself you can succeed.
6) VERB: with brd-neg (feelings) Believe is used in expressions such as I can't believe how or it's hard to believe that in order to express surprise, for example because something bad has happened or something very difficult has been achieved.
  [V wh] Many officers I spoke to found it hard to believe what was happening around them...
  [V wh] I was a physical and emotional wreck - I still can't believe how I ever got any work done. [Also V that]
7) PHRASE: V inflects, with brd-neg (emphasis) If you say that you cannot believe your eyes or cannot believe your ears, you are emphasizing that you are very surprised about something you have seen or heard.
  I could not believe my eyes. She was far more beautiful than I had imagined.
8) PHRASE: PHR with cl (emphasis) You can use believe it or not to emphasize that what you have just said is surprising.
  That's normal, believe it or not.
9) PHRASE: PHR with cl (emphasis) If you say would you believe it, you are emphasizing your surprise about something.
  And would you believe it, he's younger than me!
10) PHRASE: PHR with cl (emphasis) You can use believe you me to emphasize that what you are saying is true.
  It's absolutely amazing, believe you me.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

believe

be·lieve /bəˈliːv/ verb not used in progressive tenses -lieves; -lieved; -liev·ing
1 [+ obj]
a : to accept or regard (something) as true
• The scientists believed the reports.
• Many people seem to believe that theory, but I find it hard/difficult to believe.
• You shouldn't believe everything you read.
• I knew that he was a liar and so I didn't believe a word he said. [=I didn't believe anything he said]
• I did not want to believe (that) it could happen.
• He says he'll help us, but I don't believe what he says.
• They were tricked into believing that he was a doctor.
- opposite disbelieve
b : to accept the truth of what is said by (someone)
• He says he'll help us, but I don't believe him.
- opposite disbelieve
2 [+ obj] : to have (a specified opinion) : think
• I'm beginning to believe (that) this war will never end.
• I used to believe (that) I was the only one who felt that way but now I know (that) there are others like me.
• He clearly/firmly/honestly believes (that) it is possible. = He clearly/firmly/honestly believes it (to be) possible.
• He had reason to believe that they would accept his offer. = He had reason for believing that they would accept his offer.
• She was widely believed to be guilty. [=many people believed that she was guilty]
• We were led to believe it was true. [=we heard, saw, or read something that made us think it was true]
• “Has he accepted the job?” “I believe so.” = “So I believe.”
• “Has he accepted the job?” “I believe not.” = “I don't believe so.”
3 [no obj] : to regard the existence of God as a fact : to have religious beliefs
• She went to church because her family expected it, but she didn't really believe.
4 [no obj] : to have trust in the ability, worth, etc., of someone or something
• The team hasn't won a championship in many years, but their fans still believe. [=their fans still believe in them; their fans still believe that they will win]
5 informal
- used for emphasis in phrases that express certainty, surprise, annoyance, etc.
• “Do you think they can win?” “You/You'd better believe it!” [=yes, I definitely think so]
• Believe me, he can really play the game. = Believe you me, he can really play the game.
• I can't believe how ugly that dress is. [=what an ugly dress]
• You broke the window? I can't believe you guys! [=I'm annoyed and shocked by what you did] How could you do such a thing?
• I can't believe [=I am amazed/surprised] that that terrible restaurant is still in business.
• That terrible restaurant is still in business, if you can believe it/that.
• Can/Would you believe it?! That terrible restaurant is still in business.
• You won't believe what I just heard! [=you will be very surprised by what I just heard]
• You wouldn't believe how long it took us to get here. [=it took us a surprisingly long/short time to get here]
• I don't believe it! I swept the floor 10 minutes ago, and it's already dirty again!
• I could not believe my good fortune/luck.
• It's hard to believe that he's gone.
• His latest movie, believe it or not, is a romantic comedy about a group of lawyers. [=it is surprising but true that his latest movie is a romantic comedy about a group of lawyers]
• “I hear that their marriage is in trouble.” “Don't you believe it! [=that is completely untrue] They're the happiest couple I know!”
• “He says he's going to become a doctor.” “If you believe that, you'll believe anything!” [=it would be very foolish to believe that he is going to become a doctor]
• “He says he's going to become a doctor.” “I'll believe that when I see it!”
believe in [phrasal verb]
1 believe in (something)
a : to have faith or confidence in the existence of (something)
• Do you believe in ghosts?
b : to have trust in the goodness or value of (something)
• She believes in (the value of) regular exercise.
• They believed in liberty for all.
• I believe in working hard to achieve success.
• She doesn't believe in using pesticides. [=she doesn't believe that it's right to use pesticides; she believes that pesticides do more harm than good]
2 believe in (someone) : to have trust in the goodness or ability of (someone)
• Despite his problems, his parents still believe in him.
• She believes in herself and in her abilities.
can't believe your eyes/ears
✦If you can't believe your eyes/ears or can hardly/scarcely believe your eyes/ears, you are very surprised at or upset by what you are seeing or hearing.
• I could hardly believe my eyes when I saw what he was wearing.
make believe : to act as though something that is not true or real is true or real : pretend
• When we were children we used to make believe (that) we were soldiers fighting in a war.
• He isn't really angry, he's just making believe (that he is).
• They want to make believe that everything is all right.
- see also make-believe
seeing is believing
✦The expression seeing is believing means that when you actually see something, you have to believe that it exists or is true.
• I didn't think it could happen, but seeing is believing. [=I saw it happen, so now I believe it's possible]
- be·liev·able /bəˈliːvəbəl/ adj [more ~; most ~]
• The novel's ending is not very believable.
• His excuse was barely/scarcely believable.
- be·liev·ably /bəˈliːvəbli/ adv
• The characters are all believably portrayed.
- be·liev·er noun, pl -ers [count]
• a believer in religion
• devout believers
• She's a firm/great/strong believer in adult education. [=she firmly/strongly believes in the value of adult education; she thinks adult education is very useful and important]
• I was doubtful that he could run his own company, but he's made a believer out of me. = He's made me a believer. [=he's convinced me that he can run his own company]

desire

desire [verb] (WANT)

to want something, especially strongly

/dɪˈzaɪr/

/dɪˈzaɪər/

آرزوی چیزی را داشتن، تمایل داشتن

مثال:

I desire only to be left in peace.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

II. desire² BrE AmE verb [transitive not in progressive]
[Word Family: noun: ↑desirability, ↑desire; adjective: ↑desirable ≠ ↑undesirable, ↑desired ≠ UNDESIRED; verb: ↑desire; adverb: ↑desirably]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: desirer, from Latin desiderare, from sidus 'star' (perhaps from the idea of 'wishing on a star')]
1. formal to want something very much:
The hotel has everything you could possibly desire.
desire to do something
He desired to return to Mexico.
Add lemon juice if desired.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say want rather than desire, although the meaning of desire is stronger than want:
▪ You can have anything you want.
▪ I wanted to meet her.
2. literary to want to have sex with someone
—desired adjective:
His remarks had the desired effect.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

verb (not used in the progressive tenses)
1. (formal) to want sth; to wish for sth
• ~ sth We all desire health and happiness.
• The house had everything you could desire.
• The dessert can be topped with cream, if desired (= if you like).
• The medicine did not achieve the desired effect.

• ~ (sb/sth) to do sth Fewer people desire to live in the north of the country.

2. ~ sb to be sexually attracted to sb
• He still desired her.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French desir (noun), desirer (verb), from Latin desiderare, perhaps from de- ‘down’ + sidus, sider- ‘star’.
Thesaurus:
desire verb T (not used in the progressive tenses) (formal)
• The house had everything you could desire.
want • • wish • • like • |formal, especially spoken would like sth • |informal, especially spoken feel like sth • |BrE, informal, especially spoken fancy •
sb desires/wants/wishes/likes/would like to do sth
sb really desires/wants/wishes/would like/feels like/fancies sth
Example Bank:
• A home of her own was something she had always very much desired.
• Most countries sincerely desired peace.
• He still desired her, and she him.
• The dessert can be topped with cream, if desired.

• The medicine did not achieve the desired effect.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

desire / dɪˈzaɪə r / / -ˈzaɪr / verb [ T not continuous ] formal (WANT)

C1 to want something, especially strongly:

I desire only to be left in peace.

The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.

What does her Ladyship desire me to do/desire of me?

[ + to infinitive ] The president desires to meet the new prime minister.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

desire

[dɪza͟ɪ͟ə(r)]
♦♦
desires, desiring, desired
1) N-COUNT: oft N to-inf, N for n A desire is a strong wish to do or have something.
  I had a strong desire to help and care for people...
  They seem to have lost their desire for life.
2) VERB: no cont If you desire something, you want it. [FORMAL]
  [V n] She had remarried and desired a child with her new husband...
  [V to-inf] But Fred was bored and desired to go home...
  [V n to-inf] He desired me to inform her that he had made his peace with God.
  Derived words:
  desired ADJ-GRADED ADJ n You may find that just threatening this course of action will produce the desired effect... His warnings have provoked the desired response.
3) N-UNCOUNT Desire for someone is a strong feeling of wanting to have sex with them.
  Teenage sex, for instance, may come not out of genuine desire but from a need to get love.
4) VERB: no cont If you desire someone, you want to have sex with them.
  [V n] It never occurred to him that she might not desire him.
5) PHRASE If desired is used in instructions in written English to indicate that someone can choose to take the course of action mentioned.
  Additional courses may be taken if desired...
  Transfer this sauce to a separate saucepan, if desired.
6) PHRASE: Ns inflect, usu poss PHR If you say that someone or something is your heart's desire, you mean that you want that person or thing very much. [LITERARY]
  He was extremely devious in his efforts to achieve his heart's desire.
7) PHRASE: V inflects (disapproval) If you say that something leaves a lot to be desired, you mean that it is not as good as it should be.
  The selection of TV programmes, especially at the weekend, leaves a lot to be desired...
  Food seems to have been available, even if the quality left much to be desired...
  It is just possible that the accuracy of the information provided might leave something to be desired.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹de·sire /dɪˈzajɚ/ verb not used in progressive tenses -sires; -sired; -sir·ing [+ obj]
1 somewhat formal : to want or wish for (something) : to feel desire for (something)
• Many people desire wealth.
• He desired her approval more than anything.
• The apartment has modern amenities, a great location—everything you could desire.
• Those desiring [=looking for] a more relaxed atmosphere will prefer the pub in the restaurant's lower level.
- sometimes followed by to + verb
• I have always desired [=wanted] to go to France.
2 : to want to have sex with (someone)
• She knew that men still desired her.
3 formal : to express a wish for (something)
• The committee desires [=requests] an immediate answer.
leave much to be desired or leave a lot to be desired or leave a great deal to be desired
- used to say that something is not very good at all or is not close to being good enough
• Your work leaves much to be desired.
• Although her education left much to be desired, she was an extremely intelligent person.
• The working conditions here leave a lot to be desired.

treat

treat [verb] (DEAL WITH)

to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way

/triːt/

رفتار كردن‌

مثال:

He treated his wife very badly.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

verb (treats, treating, treated)

1 to behave in a certain way towards somebody or something:
How does your boss treat you?
Treat these glasses with care.

2 to think about something in a certain way:
They treated my idea as a joke.

3 to try to make a sick person well again:
Several people are being treated for burns.

4 to give yourself or another person something special or enjoyable:
I treated the children to an ice cream.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

treat

I. treat¹ S2 W1 /triːt/ BrE AmE verb [transitive]
[Word Family: noun: ↑treat, ↑treatment, ↑mistreatment; verb: ↑treat, ↑mistreat; adjective: ↑untreated, ↑treatable]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: traitier, from Latin tractare; ⇨ ↑tractable]
1. BEHAVE TOWARDS SOMEBODY/SOMETHING [always + adverb/preposition] to behave towards someone or something in a particular way ⇨ treatment
treat somebody like/as something
She treats me like one of the family.
Penny doesn’t think her co-workers treat her as an equal.
He treated his automobiles almost as tenderly as he did his wife.
badly treated/well treated
The prisoners were well treated by their guards.
treat somebody with respect/contempt/courtesy etc
Despite her seniority, Margot was never treated with much respect.
treat somebody like dirt/a dog (=treat someone unkindly and without respect)
I don’t know why he stays with her – she treats him like dirt.
2. DEAL WITH SOMETHING [always + adverb/preposition] to deal with, regard, or consider something in a particular way ⇨ treatment
treat something as something
Please treat this information as completely confidential.
She treats everything I say as a joke.
treat something favourably/seriously/carefully etc
Any complaint about safety standards must be treated very seriously.
3. ILLNESS/INJURY to try to cure an illness or injury by using drugs, hospital care, operations etc ⇨ treatment:
It was difficult to treat patients because of a shortage of medicine.
treat somebody/something with something
Nowadays, malaria can be treated with drugs.
4. BUY SOMETHING FOR SOMEBODY to buy or do something special for someone that you know they will enjoy
treat somebody to something
We treated Mom to lunch at the Savoy.
I treated myself to a new dress.
5. PROTECT/CLEAN to put a special substance on something or use a chemical process in order to protect, clean, or preserve it ⇨ treatment:
sewage treated so that it can be used as fertilizer
⇨ ↑trick or treat
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ adverbs
▪ well The majority of workers are well treated.
▪ badly Why did he treat me so badly?
▪ fairly/unfairly I just want to be treated fairly.
▪ equally All people should be treated equally, whatever their age.
▪ differently Should girls be treated differently from boys in school?
▪ harshly The guards treated the prisoners harshly.
▪ kindly The world had not treated him kindly.
■ phrases
▪ treat somebody with respect/contempt/suspicion etc When you treat the kids with respect, they act responsibly.
▪ treat somebody like dirt informal (=very badly and with no respect) He treated this wife like dirt.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ behave to do and say things that are good, bad, normal, strange etc: His teacher said he’d been behaving badly at school. | I’m not going to talk to her until she starts behaving reasonably. | Oh, be quiet! You’re behaving like a two-year-old.
▪ act to behave in a particular way, especially in a way that seems unusual, surprising, or annoying to other people: Tina’s been acting very strangely lately. | What makes grown people act like that?
▪ treat to behave towards someone or deal with someone in a particular way: She said that he’d treated her really badly throughout their two-year marriage. | I’m sick of my parents treating me like a child.
▪ conform to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society behave: Young people sometimes want to rebel and therefore they refuse to conform. | Society typically brings pressure on individuals and groups to conform to civilised norms.
▪ conduct yourself formal to behave in a particular way, especially in a situation where people will notice and judge the way you behave: Public figures have a duty to conduct themselves responsibly, even in their private lives. | By the end of the course, you should be able to conduct yourself with confidence in any meeting.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

treat

▪ I. treat [treat treats treated treating] verb, noun [triːt] [triːt]

verb

BEHAVE TOWARDS SB/STH
1. to behave in a particular way towards sb/sth
• ~ sb/sth (with sth) to treat people with respect/consideration/suspicion, etc.
• Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.
• ~ sb/sth like sth My parents still treat me like a child.

• ~ sb/sth as sth) He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.

CONSIDER

2. ~ sth as sth to consider sth in a particular way
• I decided to treat his remark as a joke.

• All cases involving children are treated as urgent.

3. ~ sth + adv./prep. to deal with or discuss sth in a particular way

• The question is treated in more detail in the next chapter.

ILLNESS/INJURY

4. ~ sb (for sth) (with sth) to give medical care or attention to a person, an illness, an injury, etc
• She was treated for sunstroke.
• The condition is usually treated with drugs and a strict diet.

• The hospital treated forty cases of malaria last year.

USE CHEMICAL

5. ~ sth (with sth) to use a chemical substance or process to clean, protect, preserve, etc. sth
• to treat crops with insecticide

• wood treated with preservative

PAY FOR STH ENJOYABLE

6. ~ sb/yourself (to sth) to pay for sth that sb/you will enjoy and that you do not usually have or do
• She treated him to lunch.
• Don't worry about the cost— I'll treat you.
• I'm going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English (in the senses ‘negotiate’ and ‘discuss a subject’): from Old French traitier, from Latin tractare ‘handle’, frequentative of trahere ‘draw, pull’. The current noun sense dates from the mid 17th cent.
Collocations:
Injuries
Being injured
have a fall/an injury
receive/suffer/sustain a serious injury/a hairline fracture/(especially BrE) whiplash/a gunshot wound
hurt/injure your ankle/back/leg
damage the brain/an ankle ligament/your liver/the optic nerve/the skin
pull/strain/tear a hamstring/ligament/muscle/tendon
sprain/twist your ankle/wrist
break a bone/your collarbone/your leg/three ribs
fracture/crack your skull
break/chip/knock out/lose a tooth
burst/perforate your eardrum
dislocate your finger/hip/jaw/shoulder
bruise/cut/graze your arm/knee/shoulder
burn/scald yourself/your tongue
bang/bump/hit/ (informal) bash your elbow/head/knee (on/against sth)
Treating injuries
treat sb for burns/a head injury/a stab wound
examine/clean/dress/bandage/treat a bullet wound
repair a damaged/torn ligament/tendon/cartilage
amputate/cut off an arm/a finger/a foot/a leg/a limb
put on/ (formal) apply/take off (especially NAmE) a Band-Aid™/(BrE) a plaster/a bandage
need/require/put in/ (especially BrE) have (out)/ (NAmE) get (out) stitches
put on/rub on/ (formal) apply cream/ointment/lotion
have/receive/undergo (BrE) physiotherapy/(NAmE) physical therapy
Example Bank:
• Chemically treated hair can become dry and brittle.
• Don't treat me like a child!
• He is guilty and should be treated accordingly.
• He treated the idea with suspicion.
• Parents still tend to treat boys differently from girls.
• She was treated for cuts and bruises.
• The drug is effective at treating depression.
• The timber has been treated with chemicals to preserve it.
• These allegations are being treated very seriously indeed.
• They deserve to be treated with patience and respect.
• They treat their animals quite badly.
• We can treat this condition quite successfully with antibiotics.
• You need to treat this wood for woodworm.
• the tendency to treat older people as helpless and dependent
• Remember that chemically treated hair is delicate.
• The crops are treated with insecticide.
• The wood panels will become brittle if not treated with preservative.
• Water is discharged from the sewage works after being treated.
• You should treat people with more respect.
Idiom: treat somebody like dirt
Derived Word: treatable

Derived: treat somebody to something

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

treat / triːt / verb [ T usually + adv/prep ] (DEAL WITH)

B2 to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way:

My parents treated us all the same when we were kids.

He treated his wife very badly.

It's wrong to treat animals as if they had no feelings.

I treat remarks like that with the contempt that they deserve.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

treat

[tri͟ːt]
♦♦
treats, treating, treated
1) VERB If you treat someone or something in a particular way, you behave towards them or deal with them in that way.
  [V n with n] Artie treated most women with indifference...
  [V n as/like n] Police say they're treating it as a case of attempted murder...
  [V n adv] She adored Paddy but he didn't treat her well...
  [V n adv] The issues should be treated separately.
2) VERB When a doctor or nurse treats a patient or an illness, he or she tries to make the patient well again.
  [V n with n] Doctors treated her with aspirin...
  [V n for n] The boy was treated for a minor head wound...
  [V n] An experienced nurse treats all minor injuries.
3) VERB If something is treated with a particular substance, the substance is put onto or into it in order to clean it, to protect it, or to give it special properties.
  [be V-ed with n] About 70% of the cocoa acreage is treated with insecticide...
  [V n] It was many years before the city began to treat its sewage.
4) VERB If you treat someone to something special which they will enjoy, you buy it or arrange it for them.
  [V n to n] She was always treating him to ice cream...
  [V pron-refl to n] Tomorrow I'll treat myself to a day's gardening...
  [V pron-refl] If you want to treat yourself, the Malta Hilton offers high international standards. [Also V n]
5) N-COUNT If you give someone a treat, you buy or arrange something special for them which they will enjoy.
  Lettie had never yet failed to return from town without some special treat for him.
6) N-SING: poss N If you say that something is your treat, you mean that you are paying for it as a treat for someone else. [SPOKEN]
7) PHRASE: PHR after v If you say, for example, that something looks or works a treat, you mean that it looks very good or works very well. [BRIT, INFORMAL]
to treat someone like dirt → see dirt
  The first part of the plan works a treat...
  The apricots would go down a treat.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹treat /ˈtriːt/ verb treats; treat·ed; treat·ing
1 always followed by an adverb or preposition [+ obj] : to deal with or think about (something) especially in a particular way
• The author treats this issue in the next chapter.
• You should treat [=consider, regard] this information as top secret.
• He treats [=regards] everything I say as a joke.
• This situation must be treated with great care.
2 always followed by an adverb or preposition [+ obj] : to think of and act toward (someone or something) in a specified way
• I try to treat everyone equally.
• She treats the horse cruelly.
• They treated me like a member of their family.
• I was treated like a queen/criminal.
• My parents still treat me like a child.
• Try to treat everyone as an equal.
• Young people should always treat their elders with respect.
• He treated me like dirt. [=he was very rude, disrespectful, or unkind to me]
3 a : to pay for someone's food, drink, or entertainment

[no obj]

• Let's go out to dinner. I'll treat.

[+ obj]

- usually + to
• They treated us to lunch.
b [+ obj] : to provide (someone) with something pleasant or amusing - + to
• At the end of the concert, the band treated their fans to a new song.
- often used as (be) treated
• The people on the tour were treated to a rare glimpse of the bird. [=the people on the tour had the rare and enjoyable experience of seeing the bird]
c [+ obj] : to buy or get something special and enjoyable for (yourself) - + to
• He treated himself to some ice cream.
• She treated herself to a massage.
4 [+ obj]
a : to give medical care to (a person or animal)
• Doctors immediately treated the patient.
• She was treated for dehydration.
b : to deal with (a disease, infection, etc.) in order to make someone feel better or become healthy again
• She is taking medication to treat the condition.
• The infection can be treated with antibiotics.
5 [+ obj] : to put a chemical or other substance on or in (something) in order to protect it, preserve it, clean it, etc. - often + with
• He treated the wood with a waterproof sealant.
- often used as (be) treated
• The crops were treated with a pesticide.
• Has the water been treated?

American English

British English

behaving - interacting and behaviour

B2 (بالای متوسط)

verb

reveal

reveal [noun]

to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret

/rɪˈviːl/

آشكار كردن‌، نشان‌ دادن‌

مثال:

He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

reveal

verb (reveals, revealing, revealed )
to tell something that was a secret or show something that was hidden:
She refused to reveal any names to the police.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

reveal

re‧veal W1 AC /rɪˈviːl/ BrE AmE verb [transitive]
[Word Family: adjective: ↑revealing, ↑revelatory; verb: ↑reveal; noun: ↑revelation; adverb: ↑revealingly]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: reveler, from Latin revelare 'to uncover', from velum; ⇨ ↑veil¹]
1. to make known something that was previously secret or unknown OPP conceal:
He may be prosecuted for revealing secrets about the security agency.
a test that can reveal a teacher’s hidden skills
reveal (that)
He revealed that he had been in prison twice before.
reveal yourself (as/to be something)
The violinist revealed himself as a talented interpreter of classical music.
2. to show something that was previously hidden OPP conceal:
The curtain opened to reveal the grand prize.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ reveal to let someone know about something that is secret or has not been known until now: Doctors are not allowed to reveal confidential information. | It was revealed that he had smoked marijuana at college.
▪ tell to talk about something to someone, so that they know about it: Don’t tell anyone about this just yet. | Shall I tell you a secret?
▪ disclose formal to publicly reveal something such as a fact or a name that has been kept secret: The terms of the agreement have not yet been disclosed. | The agent did not disclose that there had been a violent crime in the house.
▪ divulge \daɪˈvʌldʒ, də-\ formal to reveal important or personal information which was previously secret or unknown: The bank has refused to divulge its plans. | I’m afraid I cannot divulge what was said to me.
▪ make something public to tell people about important information, especially after it has been kept secret: Apparently they were engaged for some time before making it public. | The government has agreed that sources of financing should in future be made public.
▪ leak to deliberately give secret information to a newspaper, television company etc, when a government or other organization wants to keep it secret: The contents of the email were leaked to the press. | A man was charged today with leaking official secrets.
▪ give something away (also spill the beans informal) to tell someone something that you want to keep secret: He was careful not to give away any trade secrets. | I’m not going to give away how much I paid for it!
▪ let slip informal to accidentally tell someone about something: He let slip that he was envious of his older brother.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

reveal / rɪˈviːl / verb [ T ]

B2 to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret:

He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians.

[ + that ] Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.

[ + question word ] He would not reveal wh ere he had hidden her chocolate eggs.

C2 to allow something to be seen that, until then, had been hidden:

A gap in the clouds revealed the Atlantic far below.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

reveal

[rɪvi͟ːl]
♦♦
reveals, revealing, revealed
1) VERB To reveal something means to make people aware of it.
  [V n] She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter...
  [V that] A survey of the British diet has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight...
  [it be V-ed that] After the fire, it was revealed that North Carolina officials had never inspected the factory...
  [V wh] No test will reveal how much of the drug was taken. [Also be V-ed as n]
2) VERB If you reveal something that has been out of sight, you uncover it so that people can see it.
  [V n] In the principal room, a grey carpet was removed to reveal the original pine floor.
  Syn:
  show

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

reveal

re·veal /rɪˈviːl/ verb -veals; -vealed; -veal·ing [+ obj]
1 a : to make (something) known
• She would not reveal the secret.
• The test revealed the true cause of death.
• It was revealed that they stole over $1 million.
• They revealed the plans for the new building.
- opposite conceal
b : to show or prove that (someone) is a particular type of person - often + to be
• The book reveals him to be an expert at chess.
• She revealed herself to be a talented pianist.
- often + as
• She revealed the reporter as a liar.
2 : to show (something) plainly or clearly : to make (something that was hidden) able to be seen
• The expression on his face revealed how he felt.
• The curtain was lifted to reveal the grand prize.
• Pulling up the carpeting revealed the home's beautiful hardwood floors.
- opposite conceal

American English

British English

revealing secrets and becoming known

B2 (بالای متوسط)

verb

فرم جستجو

verb

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