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only child
only child [noun]
a child who has no sisters or brothers
US
/ˌoʊn.li ˈtʃaɪld/
UK
/ˌəʊn.li ˈtʃaɪld/
تک فرزند
مثال:
I'm an only child.
a child who has no sisters or brothers
تک فرزند
I'm an only child.
only child
noun (plural only children)
a child who has no brothers or sisters:
I'm an only child.
only child
ˌonly ˈchild [only child] noun
a child who has no brothers or sisters
• I'm an only child.
• Only children often relate well to adults.
ˌ only ˈ child noun [ C ] ( plural only children )
a child who has no sisters or brothers
only child
only child noun, pl ~ children [count] : a person who never had a brother or sister
• I was an only child.
• As an only child, it was her duty to take care of her aging parents.
either of two children born to the same mother on the same occasion
دوقلو، جفت
My sister has twin sons.
twin
noun
1 one of two people who have the same mother and were born at the same time:
David and John are twins.
I have a twin sister.
2 one of two things that are the same:
a room with twin beds
twin
I. twin1 /twɪn/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
one of two children born at the same time to the same mother:
The twins are now eight months old.
⇨ ↑identical twin, ↑Siamese twin
twin
twin [twin twins twinned twinning] noun, verb, adjective [twɪn] [twɪn]
noun
1. one of two children born at the same time to the same mother
• She's expecting twins.
see also conjoined twin, fraternal twin, identical twin, Siamese twin
2. one of two similar things that make a pair
• The plate was one of a pair but I broke its twin.
Word Origin:
late Old English twinn ‘double’, from twi- ‘two’; related to Old Norse tvinnr. Current verb senses date from late Middle English.
Collocations:
Children
Having a baby/child
want a baby/a child/kids
start a family
conceive/be expecting/be going to have a baby/child
miss your period
become/get/ be/find out that you are pregnant
have a baby/a child/kids/a son/a daughter/twins/a family
have a normal/a difficult/an unwanted pregnancy; an easy/a difficult/a home birth
be in/go into/induce labour (especially US) labor
have/suffer/cause a miscarriage
give birth to a child/baby/daughter/son/twins
Parenting
bring up/ (especially NAmE) raise a child/family
care for/ (especially BrE) look after a baby/child/kid
change (BrE) a nappy/(NAmE) a diaper/a baby
feed/breastfeed/bottle-feed a baby
be entitled to/go on maternity/paternity leave
go back/return to work after maternity leave
need/find/get a babysitter/good quality affordable childcare
balance/combine work and childcare/child-rearing/family life
educate/teach/home-school a child/kid
punish/discipline/spoil a child/kid
adopt a baby/child/kid
offer a baby for/put a baby up for adoption
(especially BrE) foster a child/kid
be placed with/be raised by foster parents
Example Bank:
• His long-lost twin was searching for him.
• I was the older twin.
• My sister had twins.
• She had twin girls.
• The twins were separated at birth.
• a pair of identical twins
• adult twins who were raised apart
• an operation to separate conjoined twins
• the plot device of giving a character an evil twin
twin / twɪn / noun [ C ]
B1 either of two children born to the same mother on the same occasion:
My sister has twin sons.
a twin sister
one of two very similar things:
The two countries are often regarded as economic twins.
twin
[twɪ̱n]
twins, twinning, twinned
1) N-COUNT: oft N n If two people are twins, they have the same mother and were born on the same day.
Sarah was looking after the twins...
I think there are many positive aspects to being a twin...
She had a twin brother and a younger brother.
2) ADJ: ADJ n Twin is used to describe a pair of things that look the same and are close together.
...the twin spires of the cathedral.
...the world's largest twin-engined aircraft.
3) ADJ: ADJ n Twin is used to describe two things or ideas that are similar or connected in some way.
...the twin concepts of liberty and equality...
Nothing was done to save these women from the twin evils of begging or the workhouse.
4) VERB: usu passive When a place or organization in one country is twinned with a place or organization in another country, a special relationship is formally established between them. [BRIT]
[be V-ed with n] Five Polish banks are to be twinned with counterparts in Western Europe...
[V-ed] The borough is twinned with Kasel in Germany.
Derived words:
twinning N-UNCOUNT The twinning of Leeds and St Mary was formalised at a function held last week.
5) ADJ: ADJ n Twin towns or cities are twinned with each other. [BRIT]
This led Zagreb's twin town, Mainz, to donate ₤70,000-worth of high-quality equipment.(in AM, use sister cities)
6) → See also identical twin, Siamese twin
twin
3twin verb twins; twinned; twin·ning [+ obj]
1 : to bring (two things) together in close association - usually used as (be) twinned
• Research is twinned [=coupled] with technology.
• They will be twinned [=paired] in the pages of history.
• two cultures with a twinned destiny
2 Brit : to form a relationship between (two towns in two countries) - usually used as (be) twinned
• Our town is twinned with a town of roughly the same size in France.
a drink of any type
نوشابه، آشامیدنی
Hot beverages include tea, coffee, and hot chocolate.
beverage
bev‧er‧age /ˈbevərɪdʒ/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: bevrage, from beivre 'to drink', from Latin bibere]
formal a hot or cold drink:
alcoholic beverages
the Food and Beverage Manager
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ drink something that you drink: ‘Would you like a drink?’ ‘Yes, I’ll have a lemonade.’ | They had a few drinks in a local bar.
▪ something to drink especially spoken a drink: Can I get you something to drink?
▪ soft drink a cold drink that does not contain alcohol, especially one that is sweet and has bubbles in it: Coca-Cola and other soft drinks
▪ toast a drink, usually of wine, that a group of people have on a special occasion, for example to celebrate something or wish someone luck in the future: At midnight they all drank a toast to the New Year.
▪ beverage /ˈbevərɪdʒ/ formal especially written a drink – often used on ↑menus and signs: Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage. | the list of beverages
beverage
bev·er·age [beverage beverages] [ˈbevərɪdʒ] [ˈbevərɪdʒ] noun (formal)
any type of drink except water
• laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages
Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French bevrage, based on Latin bibere ‘to drink’.
Example Bank:
• regulations concerning the sale of alcoholic beverages.
• Studies on the consumption of various alcoholic beverages have been conducted.
beverage / ˈbev. ə r.ɪdʒ / / -ɚ- / noun [ C ] formal
a drink of any type:
Hot beverages include tea, coffee, and hot chocolate.
We do not sell alcoholic beverages.
beverage
[be̱vərɪʤ]
beverages
N-COUNT: usu pl, oft adj N
Beverages are drinks. [FORMAL]
Alcoholic beverages are served in the hotel lounge.
...artificially sweetened beverages.
...foods and beverages.
Syn:
drink
beverage
bev·er·age /ˈbɛvrɪʤ/ noun, pl -ag·es [count] somewhat formal : something you can drink : a liquid for drinking
• May I offer you a beverage? [=drink]
• Beverages are listed on the back of the menu.
• alcoholic/nonalcoholic beverages
a small amount of food eaten before a meal
پیش غذا
At 6.30 everyone gathered for drinks and appetizers in the lounge.
appetizer
noun American English for starter
appetizer
ap‧pe‧tiz‧er BrE AmE (also appetiser British English) /ˈæpətaɪzə, ˈæpɪtaɪzə $ -ər/ noun [countable]
a small dish that you eat at the beginning of a meal
appetizer
ap·pet·izer (BrE also -iser) [appetizer appetizers] [ˈæpɪtaɪzə(r)] [ˈæpɪtaɪzər] noun
a small amount of food or a drink that you have before a meal
• Some green olives make a simple appetizer.
Example Bank:
• This wine should be served chilled as an appetizer.
appetizer ( UK usually appetiser ) / ˈæp.ɪ.taɪ.zə r / / -zɚ / noun [ C ]
a small amount of food eaten before a meal:
At 6.30 everyone gathered for drinks and appetizers in the lounge.
mainly US the first part of a meal:
The average cost of a full three-course meal - appetizer, main course, and dessert - is about $45.
appetizer
[æ̱pɪtaɪzə(r)]
appetizers
N-COUNT
An appetizer is the first course of a meal. It consists of a small amount of food.
Seafood soup is a good appetizer.(in BRIT, also use appetiser)
appetizer
ap·pe·tiz·er also Brit ap·pe·tis·er /ˈæpəˌtaɪzɚ/ noun, pl -ers [count] : a small dish of food served before the main part of a meal
Someone's ex-wife is the woman they were once married to.
زن سابق
ex- ˈ wife / ˌeksˈwaɪf / noun [ C ]
Someone's ex-wife is the woman they were once married to.
noun
a former wife
a woman to whom one was formerly married : a former wife
Someone's ex-husband is the man they were once married to.
شوهر سابق
ex- ˈ husband / ˌeksˈhʌz.bənd / noun [ C ]
Someone's ex-husband is the man they were once married to.
a former husband
a man to whom one was formerly married : a former husband
slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun
سایه
The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us shade.
noun
1 (no plural) a place where it is dark and cool because the sun doesn't shine there:
We sat in the shade of a big tree.
2 (plural shades) a thing that keeps strong light from your eyes:
I bought a new shade for the lamp.
3 (plural shades) how light or dark a colour is:
I'm looking for a shirt in a darker shade of green.
4 shades (plural) (informal) = sunglasses
shade
I. shade1 /ʃeɪd/ BrE AmE noun
[Language: Old English; Origin: sceadu]
1. OUT OF SUNLIGHT [uncountable] slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it:
a plant that needs a lot of shade
in the shade (of something)
She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree.
The temperature was over 90 degrees in the shade.
2. FOR BLOCKING LIGHT [countable]
a) something you use to reduce or block light:
The shade on the lamp was slightly crooked. ⇨ ↑lampshade
b) American English a covering that can be pulled down over a window SYN blind
3. shades [plural] informal ↑sunglasses
4. IN A PICTURE [uncountable] the dark places in a picture:
strong contrasts of light and shade
5. COLOUR [countable] a particular type of red, green, blue etc
shade of
a bright shade of pink
6. shade of meaning/opinion/feeling etc a meaning etc that is slightly different from other ones SYN nuance:
There is room in the Democratic Party for many shades of opinion.
7. a shade formal very slightly
a shade too big/hot/fast etc
Matt’s clothes were just a shade too big for me.
a shade better/quicker/faster etc
The results were a shade better than we expected.
a shade over/under/above etc
She was a shade under five feet tall.
8. shades of somebody/something used to say that someone or something reminds you of another person or thing:
The food was horrible – shades of school dinners.
9. put somebody/something in the shade to be so good or impressive that other similar things or people seem much less important or interesting:
They’re planning a festival that will put all the others in the shade.
10. have it made in the shade American English informal to be extremely rich – used humorously
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ colour red, blue, yellow etc: Blue is my favourite colour. | Matisse was famous for his use of colour.
▪ shade a particular type of a colour: The dress is a light shade of pink. | He uses different shades of green.
▪ hue /hjuː/ literary or technical a particular colour or shade of a colour: Her face had lost its golden hue.
▪ tint a small amount of a colour in something that is mostly another colour: He wears sunglasses that have a pinky-orange tint.
▪ tone one of the many different shades of a colour, each slightly darker, lighter, brighter etc than the next: Carpets in neutral tones give a feeling of space.
shade
shade [shade shades shaded shading] noun, verb [ʃeɪd] [ʃeɪd]
noun
OUT OF SUN
1. uncountable ~ (of sth) an area that is dark and cool under or behind sth, for example a tree or building, because the sun's light does not get to it
• We sat down in the shade of the wall.
• The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade.
• The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer.
• These plants grow well in sun or shade.
see also shady
ON LAMP, ETC.
2. countable a thing that you use to prevent light from coming through or to make it less bright
• I bought a new shade for the lamp.
• an eyeshade
see also lampshade, sunshade
ON WINDOW
3. countable (also ˈwindow shade) (both NAmE) = blind
OF COLOUR
4. countable ~ (of sth) a particular form of a colour, that is, how dark or light it is
• a delicate/pale/rich/soft shade of blue
• Cool pastel shades are just right for summer.
IN PICTURE
5. uncountable the dark areas in a picture, especially the use of these to produce variety
• The painting needs more light and shade.
OF OPINION/FEELING
6. countable, usually plural ~ of sth a different kind or level of opinion, feeling, etc
• politicians of all shades of opinion
• The word has many shades of meaning.
SLIGHTLY
7. a shade singular a little; slightly
Syn: touch
• He was feeling a shade disappointed.
• Her skirt was a shade too short.
FOR EYES
8. shades plural (informal) = sunglasses
GHOST
9. countable (literary) the spirit of a dead person; a ghost
Word Origin:
Old English sc(e)adu, of Germanic origin. Compare with shadow.
Thesaurus:
shade noun C
• a delicate shade of blue
tint • • tinge • |BrE colour • |AmE color • |literary technical hue •
a shade/tinge of blue/green, etc.
a warm/rich shade/tint/colour/hue
a bright/dark/pastel/subtle shade/colour/hue
have a shade/tint/tinge/colour/hue
Synonyms:
colour
shade • hue • tint • tinge
These words all describe the appearance of things, resulting from the way in which they reflect light.
colour/color • the appearance that things have, resulting from the way in which they reflect light. Red, green and blue are colours: ▪ What's your favourite colour? ◊ ▪ bright/dark/light colours
shade • a particular form of a colour, especially when describing how light or dark it is. Sky blue is a shade of blue.
hue • (literary or technical) a colour or a particular shade of a colour: ▪ His face took on an unhealthy, whitish hue.
tint • a shade or small amount of a particular colour; a faint colour covering a surface: ▪ leaves with red and gold autumn tints
tinge • a small amount of a colour: ▪ There was a pink tinge to the sky.
tint or tinge?
You can say: ▪ a reddish tint/tinge or: ▪ a tinge of red but not: a tint of red. Tint is often used in the plural, but tinge is almost always singular.
a warm/rich colour/shade/hue/tint
a bright/vivid/vibrant/dark/deep colour/shade/hue
a pale/pastel/soft/subtle/delicate colour/shade/hue
a light/strong/neutral/natural colour/shade
Which Word?:
shade / shadow
Shade [U] is an area or a part of a place that is protected from the heat of the sun and so is darker and cooler: ▪ Let’s sit in the shade for a while.
A shadow [C] is the dark shape made when a light shines on a person or an object: ▪ As the sun went down we cast long shadows on the lawn.
Shadow [U] is an area of darkness in which it is difficult to distinguish things easily: ▪ Her face was in deep shadow.
Example Bank:
• He threw out his old suits, all in various shades of brown.
• His face turned an even deeper shade of red.
• His room was dark, the shades pulled to block out the sun.
• I searched for a patch of shade to rest in.
• I was sitting in the shade.
• Let's move into the shade.
• The huge trees offered shade from the sun.
• The ocean glistened in shades of blue and emerald.
• The rooms were decorated in delicate pastel shades.
• They were sitting under the shade of an umbrella.
• This wool is available in 18 stunning shades.
• Towels in warm shades can soften the room.
• a plant that grows well in shade
• a room painted in startling shades of pink and orange
• a word with various shades of meaning
• giving shade for cattle
• in the leafy shade of a fig tree
• our new range of shades for lips and eyes
• reformers of all political shades
• the need to ensure adequate shade for coffee plants
• various shades of green
• Her eyes were a delicate shade of green.
• The painting needs more light and shade.
• The sun peered through the shades in the hotel room.
• The temperature can reach 40°C in the shade.
• Use different shades of the same colour, rather than lots of different colours.
• We sat down in the shade of the tree.
Idioms: put somebody in the shade ▪ shades of somebody
Derived: shade into something
shade / ʃeɪd / noun (SLIGHT DARKNESS)
B1 [ U ] slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun:
The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us shade.
The children played in/under the shade of a large beach umbrella.
→ See also sunshade
C2 [ C ] a covering that is put over an electric light in order to make it less bright:
The lamps all had matching purple shades.
[ U ] ( also shading ) specialized the parts of a picture or painting that the artist has made slightly darker than the other parts:
A good artist can produce a very realistic effect using only light and shade.
shades [ plural ] informal dark glasses:
She was wearing a black leather jacket and shades.
[ C ] US for roller blind
shade
[ʃe͟ɪd]
shades, shading, shaded
1) N-COUNT: oft N of n, in N A shade of a particular colour is one of its different forms. For example, emerald green and olive green are shades of green.
In the mornings the sky appeared a heavy shade of mottled gray...
The walls were painted in two shades of green.
...new eyeshadows in a choice of 80 shades.
2) N-UNCOUNT: oft in the N Shade is an area of darkness under or next to an object such as a tree, where sunlight does not reach.
Temperatures in the shade can reach forty-eight degrees celsius at this time of year...
Alexis walked up the coast, and resumed his reading in the shade of an overhanging cliff.
...exotic trees provide welcome shade.
3) VERB If you say that a place or person is shaded by objects such as trees, you mean that the place or person cannot be reached, harmed, or bothered by strong sunlight because those objects are in the way.
[be V-ed] ...a health resort whose beaches are shaded by palm trees...
[be V-ed from n] Most plants prefer to be lightly shaded from direct, hot sunlight...
[V n] Umbrellas shade outdoor cafes along winding cobblestone streets.
Derived words:
shaded ADJ-GRADED oft adv ADJ These plants will grow happily in a sunny or partially shaded spot.
4) VERB If you shade your eyes, you put your hand or an object partly in front of your face in order to prevent a bright light from shining into your eyes.
[V n] You can't look directly into it; you've got to shade your eyes or close them altogether...
[V n from n] I had to stop at the traffic lights and put down the sun visor to shade my eyes from the light.
Syn:
shield
5) N-UNCOUNT Shade is darkness or shadows as they are shown in a picture.
...Rembrandt's skilful use of light and shade to create the atmosphere of movement.
Ant:
light
6) N-COUNT: usu pl, N of n The shades of something abstract are its many, slightly different forms.
...the capacity to convey subtle shades of meaning.
...literally dozens of newspapers of every shade of opinion.
7) VERB If something shades into something else, there is no clear division between the two things, so that you cannot tell where or when the first thing ends and the second thing begins.
[V into n] As the dusk shaded into night, we drove slowly through narrow alleys...
[V to n] The tail feathers are dark blue at their bases, shading to pale blue at their tips.
8) N-PLURAL Shades are sunglasses. [INFORMAL]
9) N-COUNT A shade is the same as a lampshade.
10) N-COUNT A shade is a piece of stiff cloth or heavy paper that you can pull down over a window as a covering. [AM]
Nancy left the shades down and the lights off.
Syn:
blind(in BRIT, use blind)
11) N-COUNT: usu N of n The shade of a dead person is their spirit, which is thought to be still alive in some way and in contact with the real world. [LITERARY]
His writing benefits from the shade of Lincoln hovering over his shoulder.
12) → See also shaded, shading
13) PHRASE: PHR adj/adv/prep If you say that something is, for example, a shade unusual or a shade disappointing, you mean that it is slightly unusual or disappointing.
The first two goals were a shade fortunate...
He found her charming, but perhaps just a shade too ingenuous for him...
The South is now only a shade behind the rest of the affluent United States.
Syn:
a little
14) PHRASE (approval) If you say that there is light and shade in something such as a performance, you mean you like it because different parts of it are different in tone or mood. [WRITTEN]
...a faltering, artless voice that is pleasant enough, if rather lacking in light and shade.
15) PHRASE: V inflects To put someone or something in the shade means to be so impressive that the person or thing seems unimportant by comparison.
...a run that put every other hurdler's performance in the shade.
1shade /ˈʃeɪd/ noun, pl shades
1 [noncount] : an area of slight darkness that is produced when something blocks the light of the sun
• The buildings cast shade on the plaza.
• The tree provided plenty of shade.
• These plants grow well in shade.
• It was a hot sunny day, but luckily their seats for the game were in the shade.
• We sat in the shade of a willow tree.
2 [count]
a : something that is used to block strong light
• He used his hand as a shade as he looked out into the bright sunlight.
• an eye shade
b : lampshade
• a lamp with a broken shade
c US : window shade
• She pulled down the shades.
3 shades [plural] informal : sunglasses
• She was wearing a cool pair of shades.
4 [noncount] : a darkened area in a drawing, painting, etc.
• a painting with contrasting areas of light and shade
5 [count] : a particular type of a color that is lighter, darker, etc., than other types - usually + of
• different shades of brown
• lipstick in several shades of red
• a bright shade of blue
6 [count] : a particular form of something that is usually slightly different from other forms
• The word has many shades of meaning.
7 [count] : a very small amount
• He saw shades [=traces] of himself in his son.
• He is just a shade [=a bit, a little] taller than his brother.
• The shirt is a shade too large for me.
draw the shades on
- see 1draw
have it made in the shade US informal : to have a very easy life or to be in a very good situation
• She had to work hard for many years to achieve success, but now she has it made in the shade.
put (someone or something) in the shade chiefly Brit informal : to be much better than (someone or something)
• Their performance really put ours in the shade.
shades of
- used to say what or who you are reminded of when you look at or think about someone or something
• a former actor who's now a politician—shades of Ronald Reagan
- shade·less adj
• Their yard is bare and shadeless.
to put a plant into the ground or into a container of earth so that it will grow
کاشتن، درختکاری کردن
We planted trees and bushes in our new garden.
plant
verb (plants, planting, planted)
to put plants or seeds in the ground:
We planted some roses in the garden.
II. plant2 BrE AmE verb [transitive]
[Word Family: noun: ↑plant, ↑transplant, ↑transplantation, ↑plantation, ↑planter; verb: ↑plant, ↑transplant]
[Language: Old English; Origin: plantian, from Latin plantare, from planta; ⇨ ↑plant1]
1. PLANTS/SEEDS to put plants or seeds in the ground to grow:
Residents have helped us plant trees.
We’ve planted tomatoes and carrots in the garden.
plant a field/garden/area etc (with something)
a hillside planted with fir trees
2. PUT SOMETHING SOMEWHERE [always + adverb/preposition] informal to put something firmly in or on something else
plant something in/on etc something
He came up to her and planted a kiss on her cheek.
She planted her feet firmly to the spot and refused to move.
3. HIDE ILLEGAL GOODS informal to hide stolen or illegal goods in someone’s clothes, bags, room etc in order to make them seem guilty of a crime
plant something on somebody
She claims that the police planted the drugs on her.
4. BOMB plant a bomb to put a bomb somewhere:
Two men are accused of planting a bomb on the plane.
5. PERSON to put or send someone somewhere, especially secretly, so that they can find out information:
The police had planted undercover detectives at every entrance.
6. plant an idea/doubt/suspicion (in sb’s mind) to make someone begin to have an idea, especially so that they do not realize that you gave them the idea:
Someone must have planted the idea of suicide in his mind.
plant something ↔ out phrasal verb
to put a young plant into the soil outdoors, so that it has enough room to grow:
The seedlings should be planted out in May.
SEEDS/PLANTS
1. ~ sth to put plants, seeds, etc. in the ground to grow
• to plant and harvest rice
• Plant these shrubs in full sun.
2. to cover or supply a garden/yard, area of land, etc. with plants
• ~ sth a densely planted orange grove
• ~ sth with sth The field had been ploughed and planted with corn.
PUT IN POSITION
3. ~ sth/yourself + adv./prep. to place sth or yourself firmly in a particular place or position
• They planted a flag on the summit.
• He planted himself squarely in front of us.
• Demonstrators planted themselves right in front of the convoy of trucks.
BOMB
4. ~ sth (+ adv./prep.) to hide sth such as a bomb in a place where it will not be found
STH ILLEGAL
5. ~ sth (on sb) to hide sth, especially sth illegal, in sb's clothing, possessions, etc. so that when it is found it will look as though they committed a crime
• He claims that the drugs were planted on him.
PERSON
6. ~ sb (in sth) to send sb to join a group, etc, especially in order to make secret reports on its members
• The police had planted an informer in the gang.
THOUGHT/IDEA
7. ~ sth (in sth) to make sb think or believe sth, especially without them realizing that you gave them the idea
• He planted the first seeds of doubt in my mind.
Verb forms:
Word Origin:
Old English plante ‘seedling’, plantian (verb), from Latin planta ‘sprout, cutting’ (later influenced by French plante) and plantare ‘plant, fix in a place’.
Thesaurus:
plant verb T
• Many farmers have planted cash crops.
cultivate • • grow •
plant/cultivate the land
plant/cultivate/grow crops
Example Bank:
• Carefully plant your cutting in the soil.
• He was determined to keep both feet firmly planted on dry land.
• She planted a kiss squarely on his cheek.
• The Bordeaux area is densely planted with vine.
• The garden was planted with roses and other shrubs.
• Zinfandel is California's most widely planted red grape.
• a thickly planted orange grove
• recently planted maples
• weeds that had not been deliberately planted
• Demonstrators planted themselves right in front of the convoy of trucks.
plant / plɑːnt / / plænt / verb (LIVING THING)
B1 [ T ] to put a plant into the ground or into a container of earth so that it will grow:
We planted trees and bushes in our new garden.
Hyacinth bulbs planted in pots now will flower early in the spring.
[ T ] If you plant a particular area, you put plants into the ground there:
The plot was surrounded by a stone wall and planted with flowering trees.
a densely planted garden (= one in which the plants are close together)
planting / ˈplɑːn.tɪŋ / / ˈplæn.t̬ɪŋ / noun [ C or U ]
Heavy rain delayed planting in parts of Indiana.
plant
[plɑ͟ːnt, plæ̱nt]
plants, planting, planted
1) N-COUNT A plant is a living thing that grows in the earth and has a stem, leaves, and roots.
→ See also bedding plant, pot plant, rubber plant
Water each plant as often as required.
...exotic plants.
2) VERB When you plant a seed, plant, or young tree, you put it into the ground so that it will grow there.
[V n] He says he plans to plant fruit trees and vegetables.
Derived words:
planting N-UNCOUNT Extensive flooding in the country has delayed planting and many crops are still under water.
3) VERB When someone plants land with a particular type of plant or crop, they put plants, seeds, or young trees into the land to grow them there.
[V n with n] They plan to plant the area with grass and trees...
[V n] Recently much of their energy has gone into planting a large vegetable garden.
[V-ed] ...newly planted fields.
4) N-COUNT A plant is a factory or a place where power is produced.
...Ford's British car assembly plants...
The plant provides forty per cent of the country's electricity.
5) N-UNCOUNT Plant is large machinery that is used in industrial processes.
Firms may start to invest in plant and equipment abroad where costs may be lower.
Syn:
machinery
6) VERB If you plant something somewhere, you put it there firmly.
[V n adv/prep] She planted her feet wide and bent her knees slightly.
[V n adv/prep] ...with his enormous feet planted heavily apart.
7) VERB To plant something such as a bomb means to hide it somewhere so that it explodes or works there.
[V n] So far no one has admitted planting the bomb.
8) VERB: oft passive If something such as a weapon or drugs is planted on someone, it is put among their possessions or in their house so that they will be wrongly accused of a crime.
[be V-ed] He always protested his innocence and claimed that the drugs had been planted to incriminate him.
9) VERB If an organization plants someone somewhere, they send that person there so that they can get information or watch someone secretly.
[V n] Journalists informed police who planted an undercover detective to trap Smith.
10) VERB If you plant a kiss on someone, you give them a kiss.
[V n on n] She planted a kiss on each of his leathery cheeks.
11) VERB If you plant an idea in someone's mind, they begin to accept the idea without realizing that it has originally come from you and not from them.
[V n] He hoped that he could plant the idea in such a way that Abramov would believe it was his own.
Phrasal Verbs:
- plant out
plant
2plant verb plants; plant·ed; plant·ing [+ obj]
1 a : to put (a seed, flower, or plant) in the ground to grow
• He planted the seeds.
• I planted corn this year.
b : to fill (an area) with seeds, flowers, or plants
• I planted the border with roses.
• a field planted with corn
2 a : to put or place (something) in the ground
• She planted stakes in the garden to hold the vines.
b : to put or place (something or yourself) firmly or forcefully on a surface or in a particular position
• He planted a punch on the other boxer's nose. [=he punched the other boxer's nose]
• She planted a big kiss on his cheek. [=she gave him a big kiss on his cheek]
• I firmly planted my feet and refused to move.
• He planted himself in front of the TV and stayed there.
3 a : to put (someone or something) in a place secretly
• Terrorists planted a bomb in the bus station.
• She claims that the police planted the drugs in her car.
• The police officers were accused of planting evidence at the scene. [=placing objects at the scene to make someone seem guilty of a crime]
• He was a spy planted in the office by a rival company.
b : to cause (a story, rumor, etc.) to be reported or talked about usually for some secret purpose
• Someone planted a rumor saying that he had died.
• They planted a story in the press about her mental problems.
4 : to cause (an idea, feeling, etc.) to be in someone's mind
• She planted the first seeds of doubt in my mind.
• The story planted the idea of starting my own business in my mind. [=the story made me think of starting my own business]
a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done. All the people in a country, or in several similar countries, can be referred to as a society
جامعه، اجتماع
There's a danger that we will end up blaming innocent children for society's problems.
society
noun
1 (no plural) a large group of people who live in the same country or area and have the same ideas about how to live:
They carried out research into the roles of men and women in today's society.
2 (plural societies) a group of people who are interested in the same thing:
a music society
society
so‧ci‧e‧ty S1 W1 /səˈsaɪəti, səˈsaɪɪti/ BrE AmE noun (plural societies)
[Word Family: noun: ↑society, ↑sociologist, ↑sociology, ↑sociability, ↑social, ↑socialism, ↑socialist, ↑socialite, ↑socialization, ↑sociopath; adjective: ↑sociable ≠ ↑unsociable, ↑social ≠ ANTI-SOCIAL, ↑unsocial, ↑socialist, ↑socialistic, ↑societal, ↑sociological, ↑sociopathic; adverb: ↑socially, ↑sociably, ↑sociologically; verb: ↑socialize]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: French; Origin: société, from Latin societas, from socius; ⇨ ↑social1]
1. PEOPLE IN GENERAL [uncountable] people in general, considered in relation to the laws, organizations etc that make it possible for them to live together:
technology and its effects on modern society
Children are the most vulnerable members of society.
2. A PARTICULAR GROUP [uncountable and countable] a particular large group of people who share laws, organizations, customs etc:
Britain is now a multiracial society.
the capitalist societies of the West
the conservative segment of American society
3. CLUB [countable] an organization or club with members who share similar interests, aims etc:
the university film society
the American Cancer Society
society of
the Society of Black Lawyers
4. UPPER CLASS [uncountable] the fashionable group of people who are rich and powerful:
a society wedding
high society (=the richest, most fashionable etc people)
5. BEING WITH PEOPLE [uncountable] formal when you are together with other people
society of
Holidays are a time to enjoy the society of your family.
6. polite society middle- or upper-class people who behave correctly in social situations
in polite society (=among middle- or upper-class people)
The subject was rarely mentioned in polite society.
⇨ ↑building society, ↑friendly society
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ adjectives
▪ a free society Censorship has no place in a free society.
▪ a civilized society A civilized society should treat its elderly members well.
▪ a civil society (=a society based on laws that everyone accepts) The protection of human rights is essential for a civil society.
▪ a multicultural/multiracial society We live in a multicultural society.
▪ a democratic society Education is important in a democratic society.
▪ an advanced/modern society The Greeks formed the first advanced societies in the West. | This kind of hatred and violence have no place in a modern society like ours.
▪ an industrial society In complex industrial societies, different groups specialize in particular activities.
▪ a primitive society In almost all primitive societies, volcanoes have been regarded with fear.
▪ a just society We are making progress towards a just society.
▪ a classless society (=one in which people are not divided into different social classes) the Prime Minister’s vision of a classless society
▪ a capitalist society As consumers in a capitalist society, we can press companies to behave responsibly.
▪ the larger/wider society (=used when comparing a small group of people to society as a whole) The poor are part of the larger society, and programs must be there to help them.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ organization a group of people, companies, or countries, which is set up for a particular purpose: Greenpeace is an international organization that protects the environment. | the World Health Organization
▪ institution a large important organization such as a bank, church, or university: The University is an important academic institution. | financial institutions such as banks
▪ association an organization for people in a particular profession, sport, or activity, which officially represents its members – often used in names: I met a representative of the National Association of Teachers. | the Football Association
▪ party an organization of people with the same political aims which you can vote for in elections: Which political party do you support? | He voted for the Republican Party’s candidate.
▪ body an important group of people who make the rules and advise people about what should be allowed: the sport’s governing body | The government has set up an advisory body.
▪ club/society an organization for people who share an interest, for example a sport: We belong to a tennis club. | I joined the university film society.
▪ union an organization formed by workers in order to protect their rights: The union ordered its members out on strike.
▪ charity an organization which collects money to help people who are poor, sick etc and does not make any profit for itself: She has raised a lot of money for local charities.
▪ quango British English disapproving an organization set up by the government, which has official power but whose members have not been elected: the amount of money that is wasted on government quangos
society / səˈsaɪ.ə.ti / / -t̬i / noun (PEOPLE)
B1 [ C or U ] a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done. All the people in a country, or in several similar countries, can be referred to as a society:
a classless/multicultural/capitalist/civilized society
These changes strike at the heart of British/American/modern society.
There's a danger that we will end up blaming innocent children for society's problems.
We must also consider the needs of the younger/older members of society.
[ U ] ( also high society ) the part of society that consists of people who are rich, powerful, and fashionable:
a society hostess/ball/function
[ U ] formal the state of being together with other people:
She prefers her own society (= likes to be alone) .
Word partners for society
build / create a society • live in a society • a member of society • a section / segment of society • a civilized / classless / democratic / multicultural society • modern society • in society
society
[səsa͟ɪɪti]
societies
1) N-UNCOUNT Society is people in general, thought of as a large organized group.
This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society...
He maintains Islam must adapt to modern society.
2) N-VAR: with supp A society is the people who live in a country or region, their organizations, and their way of life.
We live in a capitalist society.
...those responsible for destroying our African heritage and the fabric of our society.
...the complexities of South African society.
3) N-COUNT A society is an organization for people who have the same interest or aim.
...the North of England Horticultural Society.
...the historical society.
Syn:
association
4) N-UNCOUNT: oft N n Society is the rich, fashionable people in a particular place who meet on social occasions.
The couple quickly became a fixture of society pages.
...the high season for society weddings.
5) → See also building society
society
so·ci·ety /səˈsajəti/ noun, pl -et·ies
1 [noncount] : people in general thought of as living together in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values
• Poverty hurts society as a whole.
2 : the people of a particular country, area, time, etc., thought of especially as an organized community
[count]
• ancient/modern societies
• Christian/consumer societies
• We need to do more to help the poorer members of our society.
[noncount]
• the values of Western/American society
• wealthy/poor members of society
• These problems affect only a small segment of society. [=only a small number of people]
• That kind of behavior isn't allowed in polite society. [=among people of the middle and upper classes who speak and behave in a polite way]
3 [noncount] : people who are fashionable and wealthy
• She was introduced to society at a formal reception.
• The club's members are drawn from the ranks of high society.
- often used before another noun
• society ladies/fashions/parties
• the newspaper's society page
4 [count] : a group of people who work together or regularly meet because of common interests, beliefs, or activities
• a literary/musical society
• historical societies
• The American Cancer Society
• The Society of Newspaper Editors
5 [noncount] formal : the state of being with other people
• He avoided the society [=company] of other writers.
to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort
به هدف رسیدن، موفق شدن
The government's training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives .
achieve
verb (achieves, achieving, achieved )
to do or finish something well after trying hard:
He worked hard and achieved his aim of becoming a doctor.
achieve
a‧chieve S2 W1 AC /əˈtʃiːv/ BrE AmE verb
[Word Family: noun: ↑achievement, ↑achiever, ↑underachiever ≠ OVERACHIEVER, ↑underachievement ≠ OVERACHIEVEMENT; verb: ↑achieve, ↑underachieve ≠ OVERACHIEVE; adjective: ↑achievable]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: achever, from chief 'end, head']
1. [transitive] to successfully complete something or get a good result, especially by working hard:
Frances achieved very good exam results.
Wilson has achieved considerable success as an artist.
She eventually achieved her goal of becoming a professor.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually say someone gets a result rather than achieves it:
▪ He got good grades in his final exams.
2. [intransitive] to be successful in a particular kind of job or activity:
We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.
achieve
achieve AW [achieve achieves achieved achieving] [əˈtʃiːv] [əˈtʃiːv] verb
1. transitive ~ sth to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially by making an effort for a long time
Syn: attain
• He had finally achieved success.
• They could not achieve their target of less than 3% inflation.
2. transitive ~ sth to succeed in doing sth or causing sth to happen
Syn: accomplish
• I haven't achieved very much today.
• All you've achieved is to upset my parents.
3. intransitive to be successful
• Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.
Derived Word: achievable
Verb forms:
Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French achever ‘come or bring to a head’, from a chief ‘to a head’.
Thesaurus:
achieve verb T
• She finally achieved success.
manage • • succeed • • reach • • accomplish • |BrE fulfil • |AmE fulfill • |informal pull sth off • |formal attain • • effect •
achieve/succeed in/reach/accomplish/fulfil/attain a/an goal/objective
achieve/succeed in/accomplish/fulfil/attain a/an aim
achieve/reach/fulfil/attain a target
achieve/accomplish/fulfil an ambition
Example Bank:
• By the end of the afternoon we had achieved very little.
• I achieved a longstanding ambition to fly solo.
• I knew that the demonstration would achieve nothing.
• Sooner or later our shared efforts will achieve results.
• The present law has failed to achieve its objectives.
• They haven't achieved much yet.
• how to achieve a balance between work and family life
• All you've achieved is to upset my parents.
• I haven't achieved very much today.
• These students need to achieve academically in order to enter the labour market.
achieve / əˈtʃiːv / verb [ T ]
B1 to succeed in finishing something or reaching an aim, especially after a lot of work or effort:
The government's training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives .
She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America.
I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've achieved nothing.
→ See also underachieve
achieve
[ətʃi͟ːv]
achieves, achieving, achieved
VERB
If you achieve a particular aim or effect, you succeed in doing it or causing it to happen, usually after a lot of effort.
[V n] There are many who will work hard to achieve these goals...
[V n] We have achieved what we set out to do.
Syn:
accomplish
achieve
achieve /əˈʧiːv/ verb achieves; achieved; achiev·ing
1 [+ obj] : to get or reach (something) by working hard
• This year, our company was able to achieve [=accomplish, attain] all of its production goals.
• He worked hard and achieved success. [=became successful]
• a diet that achieves dramatic results
• With much practice, she has achieved a high level of skill.
• They achieved high scores on their math tests.
2 [no obj] : to become successful : to reach a goal
• We give students the skills they need in order to achieve in college.
- achiev·able /əˈʧiːvəbəɫ/ adj [more ~; most ~]
• achievable goals
