British English

0

goal

goal [noun] (AIM)
US /ɡoʊl/ 
UK /ɡəʊl/ 
Example: 

Our goal is for the country to be fully independent within two years.

Related quotes: 
Setting goals is the first step in turning the invisible into the visible.
Set your goals high, and don't stop till you get there.
You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.
a goal properly set is halfway reached
A goal should scare you a little and excite you a lot
People with clear, written goals, accomplish far more in a shorter period of time than people without them could ever imagine
A goal without a plan is just a wish.
I don't focus on what I'm up against. I focus on my goals and I try to ignore the rest.
Don’t wait until you’ve
Don't decrease the goal increase the effort.
Goals may give focus, but dreams give power.

something that you hope to achieve in the future SYN aim

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

Our goal is for the country to be fully independent within two years.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
goals and purposes
Level: 
B1 (Intermediate)
Region: 
American English
British English
Relates quotes: 
Setting goals is the first step in turning the invisible into the visible.
Set your goals high, and don't stop till you get there.
You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.
a goal properly set is halfway reached
there is nothing better than achieving your goals, whatever they might be
Success is steady progress toward one's personal goals
What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.
A goal should scare you a little and excite you a lot
People with clear, written goals, accomplish far more in a shorter period of time than people without them could ever imagine
A goal without a plan is just a wish.
I don't focus on what I'm up against. I focus on my goals and I try to ignore the rest.
Don’t wait until you’ve
Don't decrease the goal increase the effort.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

goal

 noun

1 the place where the ball must go to win a point in a game like football:
He kicked the ball into the goal.

2 a point that a team wins in a game like football when the ball goes into the goal:
Liverpool won by three goals to two.

3 something that you want to do very much:
She has finally achieved her goal of taking part in the Olympics.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

goal S2 W1 AC / ɡəʊl $ ɡoʊl / noun [ countable ]

1 something that you hope to achieve in the future SYN aim :

Your goal as a parent is to help your child become an independent adult.

Register

In everyday British English, people often talk about what someone is aiming to do rather than talk about someone’s goal :

His goal is to set up his own business. ➔ He’s aiming to set up his own business. 2 the area between two posts where the ball must go in order to score in games such as football or hockey

be in goal/keep goal British English (= be the goalkeeper )

3 the action of making the ball go into a goal, or the score gained by doing this :

I scored the first goal .

COLLOCATIONS

adjectives

sb’s main/primary goal My main goal was to get the team to the finals. | The primary goal of the 1917 Revolution was to seize and redistribute the wealth of the Russian empire.

sb’s ultimate goal (= what they eventually and most importantly hope to achieve ) The ultimate goal is a freer, more democratic society.

an immediate goal (= that you need to achieve very soon ) Our immediate goal is to cut costs.

a long-term goal (= that you hope to achieve after a long time ) The organization’s long-term goal is to gain a strong position in the European market.

a short-term goal (= that you hope to achieve after a short time ) Companies should not focus only on the short-term goal of profitability.

sb’s personal goal They had to sacrifice personal goals for their family life.

a common goal (= an aim shared by more than one person or organization ) Iran and Turkey shared common goals in their handling of the refugee crisis.

a realistic/achievable goal Students are encouraged to set themselves realistic goals for academic improvement. | We pushed for what we thought were achievable goals

an ambitious goal (= an aim that will be difficult to achieve ) The agreement set ambitious goals to cut greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.

a modest goal (= an aim that is not too difficult to achieve ) Don’t try to lose a lot of weight quickly; set yourself a more modest goal.

verbs

have a goal She had one goal in life: to accumulate a huge fortune.

work towards a goal We are all working towards similar goals.

pursue a goal Have we gone too far in pursuing the goal of national security?

achieve/attain/reach your goal She has worked hard to achieve her goal of a job in the medical profession. | They’re hoping to reach their goal of raising £10,000 for charity.

set (yourself/somebody) a goal (= decide what you or someone else should try to achieve ) It helps if you set yourself clear goals.

COLLOCATIONS

verbs

score a goal Robbie Keane scored a goal just before halftime.

get a goal It was great that he got that goal so late in the game.

head a goal (= score a goal by hitting the ball with your head ) Peter Crouch headed England’s equalizing goal.

make a goal (= help another player to score a goal ) Rooney made the goal with a superb pass to Saha.

concede a goal (= let the other team score a goal ) Arsenal conceded a goal in the final minute of extra time.

let in a goal (= let the other team score a goal ) Chelsea let in a goal in the 63rd minute.

disallow a goal (= not allow a goal to be counted because a rule has been broken ) The goal was disallowed for offside.

adjectives

the winning goal Berbatov scored the winning goal from just outside the box.

an own goal (= when a player accidentally puts the ball into his/her own net ) Dixon scored an unfortunate own goal against West Ham.

a last-minute goal A last-minute goal condemned Fulham to a 0–1 home defeat.

an equalizing goal British English (= a goal that gives you the same number of points as your opponent ) A loud cheer went up as he scored the equalizing goal.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

goal

 

goal AW [goal goals]   [ɡəʊl]    [ɡoʊl]  noun

1. (in sports) a frame with a net into which players must kick or hit the ball in order to score a point
• He headed the ball into an open goal (= one that had nobody defending it).

• Who is in goal (= is the goalkeeper ) for Arsenal?

2. the act of kicking or hitting the ball into the goal; a point that is scored for this
• The winning goal was scored by Hill.
• Liverpool won by three goals to one.
• United conceded two goals in the first half.
• a penalty goal

see also  drop goal, golden goal, own goal

3. something that you hope to achieve
Syn:  aim
• to work towards a goal
• to achieve/attain a goal
• You need to set yourself some long-term goals.
• Our ultimate goal must be the preservation of the environment.
• Their goal was to eradicate malaria.  
Word Origin:
Middle English (in the sense ‘limit, boundary’): of unknown origin.  
Thesaurus:
goal noun C
• He pursued his goal of becoming a photographer.
objective • • target • • aim • • object • • purpose • • plan • |formal end •
goals/objectives/targets/aims/plans for sth
work towards a/an goal/objective/target/aim
the main/primary/prime/principal goal/objective/target/aim/object/purpose
Goal, objective or target? Goals usually relate to a person or organization's long-term plans. Targets are usually specific figures, such as a number of sales, that are set officially, for example by an employer or a government committee. People often set their own objectives that they wish to achieve, for example as part of a project, campaign or piece of writing.  
Synonyms:
target
objective • goal • object • end
These are all words for sth that you are trying to achieve.
target • a result that you try to achieve: ▪ Set yourself targets that you can reasonably hope to achieve. ◊ ▪ attainment targets in schools
objective • (rather formal) something that you are trying to achieve: ▪ What is the main objective of this project?
goal • something that you hope to achieve: ▪ He continued to pursue his goal of becoming an actor.
target, objective or goal?
A target is usually officially recorded in some way, for example by an employer or by a government committee. It is often specific, and in the form of figures, such as number of sales or exam passes, or a date. People often set their own objectives: these are things that they wish to achieve, often as part of a project or a talk they are giving. Goals are often long-term, and relate to people's life and career plans or the long-term plans of a company or organization.
object • the purpose of sth; sth that you plan to achieve: ▪ The object is to educate people about road safety.
end • something that you plan to achieve: ▪ He joined the society for political ends. ◊ ▪ That's only OK if you believe that ▪ the end justifies the means ▪ ▪ (= bad methods of doing sth are acceptable if the final result is good) ▪.
End is usually used in the plural or in particular fixed expressions.
to work towards a(n) target/objective/goal
an ambitious/major/long-term/short-term/future target/objective/goal
economic/financial/business targets/objectives/goals
to set/agree on/identify/reach/meet/exceed a(n) target/objective/goal
to achieve a(n) target/objective/goal/end 
Example Bank:
• Bahr made his fifth field goal of the day.
• He kicked the ball into an open goal.
• It is important to have explicit goals.
• Our immediate goal is to earn enough money to keep the business going.
• The equalizing goal came from Cole.
• The fans were annoyed that the team gave away such a soft goal.
• The goalkeeper was injured so a defender had to go in goal.
• The prison service pursues the twin goals of the punishment and rehabilitation of offenders.
• The referee disallowed the goal.
• The second goal came from a penalty.
• They have set themselves some ambitious goals.
• They scored three goals against the home team.
• Two field goals gave the Tigers an early lead.
• Vega scored an unfortunate own goal when he slipped as he tried to clear the ball.
• Visconti scored one goal himself and made two for Lupo.
• We are all working towards a common goal.
• Who's in goal for Arsenal?
• his first goal for Spain
• their goal of providing free university education for everyone
• He continued to pursue his goal of becoming a photographer.

• The company has set itself some long-term organizational goals.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

goal / ɡəʊl /   / ɡoʊl / noun [ C ] (SPORT)

A2 an area on a playing field, that usually has two posts with a net fixed behind them, where players try to send the ball in order to score in sports such as football and hockey:

Black kicked/headed the ball into/towards the goal.

A2 a point scored in some sports, such as football or hockey, when a player gets the ball into this area:

Brazil won by three goals to one.

Only one goal was scored in the entire match.

be/play in goal UK to be the player who tries to prevent the other team from scoring goals:

Who is playing in goal for Milan this evening?

 

goal / ɡəʊl /   / ɡoʊl / noun [ C ] (AIM)

B1 an aim or purpose:

Our goal is for the country to be fully independent within two years.

They have set themselves a series of goals to achieve by the end of the month.

Do you think I'll be able to achieve my goal of los ing five kilos before the summer?

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

goal

[go͟ʊl]
 ♦♦
 goals
 1) N-COUNT In games such as soccer, netball or hockey, the goal is the space into which the players try to get the ball in order to score a point for their team.
  The Spaniards put all their strokes past Mason in the England goal to emerge 5-4 winners.
 2) N-COUNT In games such as soccer or hockey, a goal is when a player gets the ball into the goal, or the point that is scored by doing this.
  They scored five goals in the first half of the match...
  The scorer of the winning goal.
 3) N-COUNT Something that is your goal is something that you hope to achieve, especially when much time and effort will be needed.
  It's a matter of setting your own goals and following them...
  The goal is to raise as much money as possible.
  Syn:
  target

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

goal

 

goal /ˈgoʊl/ noun, pl goals [count]
1 : something that you are trying to do or achieve
• He set a goal for himself of exercising at least three times a week.
• Her primary/long-term goal is to get a college degree.
• We all share/have a common goal.
• She pursued her goal of starting her own business.
• The company has instituted several new policies with the goal of reducing waste.
• achieve/accomplish/reach/realize a goal
2 a : an area or object into which a ball or puck must be hit, kicked, etc., to score points in various games (such as soccer and hockey)
✦If you are the player who guards the goal in a sport like hockey or soccer, your position is in goal.
• He has played brilliantly in goal so far this year.
✦In U.S. English, a shot or kick that is on goal is directed at the goal.
• They had a dozen shots on goal in the second period.
b : the act of hitting, kicking, etc., a ball or puck into a goal or the score that results from doing this
• Last month he had 10 goals and six assists.
• She scored the winning goal in the game's final minute.
• The team was ahead by a goal [=was ahead by one] when the third period started.
- see also field goal
- goal·less /ˈgoʊlləs/ adj
• After playing the first half, both teams were still goalless. [=neither team had scored a goal]

 

American English
British English
B1 (Intermediate)
goal
noun
0

wisdom

wisdom [noun]
US /ˈwɪz.dəm/ 
UK /ˈwɪz.dəm/ 
Example: 

One certainly hopes to gain a little wisdom as one grows older.

Related quotes: 
The virtue of justice consists in moderation, as regulated by wisdom.

the ability to make good decisions based on knowledge and experience
 

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

Ensuing events proved the wisdom of his action.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
wise and sensible
Level: 
B2 (Upper-intermediate)
Region: 
American English
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

wisdom

 noun (no plural)
knowing and understanding a lot about many things:
Some people think that old age brings wisdom.
The adjective is wise.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

wisdom

wis‧dom /ˈwɪzdəm/ noun [uncountable]
 [Language: Old English; Origin: wis; ⇨ wise1]
 1. good sense and judgment, based especially on your experience of life:
   • a man of great wisdom
  question/doubt the wisdom of (doing) something
   • Local people are questioning the wisdom of spending so much money on a new road.
   • You can always expect a few words of wisdom from Dave. ⇨ pearls of wisdom at pearl(3)
 2. knowledge gained over a long period of time through learning or experience:
   • the collected wisdom of many centuries
 3. (the) conventional/received/traditional etc wisdom a belief or opinion that most people have:
   • The conventional wisdom is that boys mature more slowly than girls.
 4. in sb’s (infinite) wisdom humorous used to say that you do not understand why someone has decided to do something:
   • The boss, in her infinite wisdom, has decided to reorganize the whole office yet again.
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ knowledge the facts and information that you have learned, and the understanding you have gained: • Our knowledge of other cultures and societies has improved. | • scientific knowledge
   ▪ expertise special knowledge about how to do something, that you get through experience, training, or study: • The technical expertise was provided by a Japanese company. | • They need people with medical expertise.
   ▪ know-how practical knowledge about how to do something: • Business leaders often lack the local know-how to tackle problems in specific countries. | • financial know-how
   ▪ wisdom good sense and judgment, based on knowledge and experience: • the wisdom of the older family members | • It’s a matter of common wisdom that newspapers cannot be trusted.
   ▪ grasp how much you know about a situation or subject, and how well you understand it: • He’s been praised for his grasp of the country’s economic problems. | • She has a good grasp of the language.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

wisdom

wis·dom[wisdomwisdoms] [ˈwɪzdəm] [ˈwɪzdəm]noununcountable

 

1. the ability to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you have

• a woman of great wisdom

• words of wisdom

2. ~ of sth/of doing sth how sensible sth is

• I question the wisdom of giving a child so much money.

3. the knowledge that a society or culture has gained over a long period of time

• the collective wisdom of the Native American people

more at pearl of wisdom at  pearl

Idioms: in his wisdom ▪ received wisdom 

 

Word Origin:

Old English wīsdōm (see wise, -dom).

 

Example Bank:

• Consultants are too often seen as the source of all wisdom.

• Contrary to conventional wisdom, stress is not a bad thing.

• Conventional wisdom has it that higher oil prices are bad for economic growth.

• Do you have any wisdom to impart on this subject?

• He entertained the audience for two hours with his wit and wisdom.

• He is too lacking in worldly wisdom to be a politician.

• His journals are full of dubious pearls of homespun wisdom.

• In their infinite wisdom, the council closed the swimming pool for the school holidays.

• In their infinite wisdom, they closed the swimming pool at the busiest time of year.

• It's easy enough to see what we should have done, with the wisdom of hindsight.

• Many commentators doubted the political wisdom of introducing a new tax.

• Popular wisdom dictates that a father is essential in raising a son.

• She devoted her life to the pursuit of wisdom.

• The former world champion imparted a few words of wisdom to the young runners.

• The latest unemployment figures prove the wisdom of the government's policy.

• The received wisdom is that the book is always better than the film.

• Those who seek wisdom at the shrine will find it.

• students eager to catch pearls of wisdom from the professor's lips

• the accumulated wisdom of generations

• All the religions of the past contain vast amounts of wisdom that can be of service to mankind.

• Children need to feel that their parents are in control; they don't have the experience or wisdom to know best.

• Conventional wisdom has it that all sense of community has gone, but that is not the case where I live.

• Do you have any more words of wisdom for us?

• He was known to be a man of great wisdom.

• I was not quite so lacking in worldly wisdom as to accept this invitation from a complete stranger.

• I would hardly regard him as a fount/source of all wisdom.

• In their infinite wisdom they have decided to close the main road during the holiday season.

• Native American wisdom was passed on from generation to generation.

• Several people questioned the wisdom of building in that particular spot.

• The monks dedicate their lives to prayer and the pursuit of wisdom.

• They would go to the holy shrines to seek wisdom.

• They would treat these pearls of wisdom with some scepticism.

• We need to combine ancient wisdom and modern knowledge.

• You cannot just ignore the accumulated wisdom of a whole culture.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

wisdom / ˈwɪz.dəm / noun [ U ]

B2 the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgments:

One certainly hopes to gain a little wisdom as one grows older.

He's got a weekly radio programme in which he dispenses wisdom (= gives his opinions) on a variety of subjects.

I tend to doubt the wisdom of separating a child from its family whatever the circumstances.

Did we ever stop to question the wisdom of going to war?

Before I went off to university my father gave me a few words of wisdom.

Conventional/Received/Popular wisdom has it (= most people think) that women are more emotional than men, but in my experience it often isn't the case.

 

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

wisdom

[wɪ̱zdəm]
 wisdoms
 1) N-UNCOUNT Wisdom is the ability to use your experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions or judgements.
  ...the patience and wisdom that comes from old age.
  ...a great man, who spoke words of great wisdom.
 2) N-VAR Wisdom is the store of knowledge that a society or culture has collected over a long period of time.
  ...a folksy piece of wisdom.
  ...this church's original Semitic wisdom, religion and faith.
  ...a simpler and more humane approach, based on ancient wisdoms and `natural' mechanisms.
 3) N-SING: the N of n/-ing If you talk about the wisdom of a particular decision or action, you are talking about how sensible it is.
  Many Lithuanians have expressed doubts about the wisdom of the decision.
 4) N-VAR: supp N You can use wisdom to refer to ideas that are accepted by a large number of people.
  Health education wisdom in the UK differs from that of the United States...
  Unchallenged wisdoms flow swiftly among the middle classes.
  ●
  PHRASE: N inflects The conventional wisdom about something is the generally accepted view of it.
  ...the conventional wisdom that soccer is a minor sport in America.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

wisdom

 

wis·dom /ˈwɪzdəm/ noun [noncount]
1 a : knowledge that is gained by having many experiences in life
• She has gained a lot of wisdom over the years.
b : the natural ability to understand things that most other people cannot understand
• a young person of great wisdom
c : knowledge of what is proper or reasonable
• He had the wisdom to stop before he said too much. : good sense or judgment
• I fail to see the wisdom in doing that.
2 : advice or information given to a person
• folk/divine wisdom
• He shared a valuable bit of wisdom with his daughter.
• These stories offer plenty of wisdom to readers.
- see also conventional wisdom
in someone's (infinite) wisdom
- used in an ironic way to say that someone has made a foolish choice or decision
• He decided, in his infinite wisdom, that it would be better to sell the house than to keep it.
pearls of wisdom
- see pearl

American English
British English
B2 (Upper-intermediate)
wisdom
noun
0

live

US /lɪv/ 
UK /lɪv/ 
Example: 

He lived a long life.

to have your home in a particular place

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

He lived a long life.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
living or sleeping somewhere
Level: 
A1 (Basic)
Region: 
American English
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

verb (lives, living, lived )

1 to have your home somewhere:
Where do you live?
He still lives with his parents.

2 to be or stay alive:
You can't live without water.
He lived to the age of 93.

3 to spend your life in a certain way:
They live a quiet life in the country.

live on something

1 to eat something as your only food:
Cows live on grass.

2 to have enough money to buy what you need to live:
They live on £70 a week.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

live

 

I.   verb

I. live1 S1 W1 /lɪv/ verb
  [Word Family: verb: live, outlive, relive, liven, up; adjective: live, lively, living, liveable; noun: liveliness, living, livelihood; adverb: live]
 [Language: Old English; Origin: libban]
 1. IN A PLACE/HOME  [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if you live in a place, you have your home there
  live in/at/near etc
   • They lived in Holland for ten years.
   • He lives just across the street from me.
   • We live only a few miles from the coast.
   • A rather odd family came to live next door to us.
   • As soon as I saw the place, I knew I didn’t want to live there.
   • Does Paul still live here?
   • We’re still looking for somewhere to live.
   • They’ve finally found a place to live.
  live with
   • My grandmother came to live with us when I was ten.
   • Most seventeen-year-olds still live at home (=live with their parents).
   • I’m quite happy living alone.
   • The house has 3,600 square feet of living space (=the areas of a house you live in).
  live rough British English (=live outside because of having no home)
   • I ran away from home and lived rough for nine months.
 2. PLANT/ANIMAL  [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] a plant or animal that lives in a particular place grows there or has its home there
  live in/on etc
   • These particular birds live on only one island in the Pacific.
 3. AT A PARTICULAR TIME  [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if you live at a particular time, you are alive then
  live before/in/at
   • He lived in the eighteenth century.
   • She lived at a time when women were not expected to work.
   • Gladstone lived during a period of great social change.
  the best/greatest etc that/who ever lived (=the best, greatest etc who has been alive at any time)
   • He’s probably the best journalist who ever lived.
 4. BE/STAY ALIVE  [intransitive] to be alive or be able to stay alive:
   • Without light, plants couldn’t live.
   • He is extremely ill and not expected to live.
   • The baby only lived a few hours.
   • People on average are living much longer than before.
   • I’ll never forget this for as long as I live.
  live to (be) 80/90 etc/live to the age of 80/90 etc
   • My grandmother lived to 85.
   • She lived to the age of 79.
  have two weeks/six months etc to live
   • He knows he’s only got a few months to live.
   • He did not live to see (=live long enough to see) the realization of his dream.
 5. WAY OF LIFE  [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to have a particular type of life, or live in a particular way
  live in peace/poverty etc
   • The people in this country just want to live in peace.
   • People should not live in fear of crime.
   • We live in hope that a cure will be found.
  live peacefully/quietly/happily etc
   • The two communities live peacefully alongside each other.
   • She thought that she would get married and live happily ever after (=like in a children’s story).
   • Some people like to live dangerously.
   • Most elderly people prefer to live independently if they can.
   • They earn enough money to live well (=have plenty of food, clothes etc).
   • I just want to live my life in my own way.
   • He’s not well enough to live a normal life.
  live a quiet/active/healthy etc life
   • She lives a very busy life.
   • He had chosen to live the life of a monk.
   • She’s now in Hollywood living a life of luxury.
  live by
   • I have always tried to live by my faith (=according to my religion).
   • We struggle on, living from day to day (=trying to find enough money each day to buy food etc).
   • He was tired of living out of a suitcase (=spending a lot of time travelling).
 6. EARN A LIVING  [intransitive] the way that someone lives is the way that they earn money to buy food etc:
   • Fishing is the way their families have lived for generations.
  live by doing something
   • They live by hunting and killing deer.
 7. EXCITING LIFE  [intransitive] to have an exciting life:
   • She wanted to get out and live a little.
   • We’re beginning to live at last!
 8. IMAGINE SOMETHING  [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] to imagine that things are happening to you
  live in
   • He lives in a fantasy world.
  live through
   • She lived through her children’s lives.
   • You must stop living in the past (=imagining that things from the past are still happening).
 9. BE KEPT SOMEWHERE  [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] British English informal the place where something lives is the place where it is kept:
   • Where do these cups live?
   • Those big dishes live in the cupboard next to the fridge.
 10. STILL EXIST/HAVE INFLUENCE  [intransitive] if an idea lives, it continues to exist and influence people:
   • Democracy still lives!
   • His name will live forever.
   • That day will always live in my memory.
 11. living quarters the part of a building where people live, especially a building that is used by many people or is used for several different purposes:
   • the White House living quarters
 12. living expenses the money you need to spend in order to live, for example on food or a house:
   • His tuition is paid, but he’ll work to cover his living expenses.
 13. living arrangements the way someone organizes how and where they will live:
   • Her mother disapproved of the living arrangements, saying that two girls living with four boys was bound to cause problems.
 14. live it up informal to do things that you enjoy and spend a lot of money:
   • Sam was living it up in London.
 15. live by your wits to get money by being clever or dishonest, and not by doing an ordinary job
 16. live a lie to pretend all the time that you feel or believe something when actually you do not feel that way:
   • I knew that I could not continue to live a lie.
 17. be living on borrowed time to be still alive after the time that you were expected to die:
   • She’s been living on borrowed time for the last year.
 18. live in sin old-fashioned if people live in sin, they live together and have a sexual relationship without being married ⇨ live together
 19. live and breathe something to enjoy doing something so much that you spend most of your time on it:
   • Politics is the stuff I live and breathe.
 20. you live and learn spoken used to say that you have just learned something that you did not know before
 21. live and let live used to say that you should accept other people’s behaviour, even if it seems strange
 22. you haven’t lived (if/until ...) spoken used to say that someone’s life will be boring if they do not do a particular exciting thing:
   • You haven’t lived until you’ve tasted champagne.
 23. somebody will live to regret it used to say that someone will wish that they had not done something:
   • If you marry him, you’ll live to regret it.
 24. live to see/fight another day to continue to live or work after a failure or after you have dealt with a difficult situation:
   • Hopefully, the company will live to fight another day.
 25. live life to the full to enjoy doing a lot of different things:
   • She believes in living life to the full.
 26. live high on the hog used to say that someone has a nice life because they have a lot of money and buy expensive things – often used to show disapproval
 27. live from hand to mouth to have only just enough money to buy food:
   • We lived from hand to mouth, never knowing where the next meal was coming from.
 28. long live the King/Queen! etc spoken used as an expression of loyal support for a person
 29. long live democracy/freedom etc used to say that you hope something continues to exist for a long time:
   • Long live free education!
   

THESAURUS

   ▪ live to have your home somewhere: • He lives with his parents. | • Where do you live? | • Do you like living in Tokyo? | • Jo lives next to a busy road. | • Judy lives in that nice house on the corner. | • How do you like living in the city again after so many years away from it? | • In 1905 Russell was living at 4 Ralston Street.
   ▪ be from/come from use this when talking about the country, city, or area where you usually live: • My name’s Sharon and I’m from Harlow. | • The man is believed to be from somewhere in the north of England. | • ‘Where are you from?’ ‘I’m from Japan.’ | • The winner came from Australia.
   ▪ inhabit if a group of people or animals inhabit an area, they live there. Used especially in written descriptions: • The island is mainly inhabited by sheep. | • Some tribes still inhabit the more remote mountains and jungles of the country.
   ▪ reside formal to live in a particular country, city etc: • She now resides in the US. | • Miss Badu grew up in Dallas but now resides in Brooklyn. | • At that time there were many American writers residing in Paris. | • Miss Tonelli, how exactly did you come to reside at your current address? | • The government bureau has prepared a booklet for US citizens residing abroad.
   ▪ grow up to live somewhere when you are a child or teenager: • This is the neighborhood where my father grew up. | • I grew up on a farm in South Africa.
 live something ↔ down phrasal verb
   if someone does not live something down, people never forget about it and never stop laughing at them for it:
   • She’ll never live that down!
 live for something phrasal verb
   if you live for something, it is the thing that you enjoy or hope for most in your life:
   • He lived for his art.
   • She had nothing left to live for.
   • She lives for the day when she can have a house of her own.
 live in phrasal verb British English
   if someone lives in, they live in the place where they work ⇨ live-in:
   • Sometimes it can be easier if you have a nanny who lives in.
 live off somebody/something phrasal verb
   to get your income or food from a supply of money or from another person:
   • Mom used to live off the interest from her savings.
   • Dad lost his job and we had to live off welfare.
   • Most people in the countryside live off the land (=live by growing or finding their own food).
 live on phrasal verb
  1. if something lives on, it continues to exist:
   • Alice’s memory will live on.
  2. live on something to have a particular amount of money to buy food and other necessary things:
   • I don’t know how they manage to live on £55 a week.
   • the number of families who live on benefits
  3. live on something to eat a lot of a particular type of food:
   • They live on bread and potatoes.
   • He practically lives on fish and chips!
 live out phrasal verb
  1. British English if someone lives out, they do not live in the place where they work:
   • Most home helps prefer to live out.
  2. live out something to experience or do something that you have planned or hoped for SYN fulfil, realize:
   • The money enabled them to live out their dreams.
  3. live out your life to continue to live in a particular way or place until you die:
   • He lived out his life in solitude.
 live through something phrasal verb
   to experience difficult or dangerous conditions SYN endure:
   • the generation that lived through the Second World War
   • It was hard to describe the nightmare she had lived through.
 live together phrasal verb
   if people live together, they live in the same house and have a sexual relationship but are not married ⇨ live with:
   • They lived together for two years before they got married.
 live up to something phrasal verb
   if something or someone lives up to a particular standard or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc:
   • The bank is insolvent and will be unable to live up to its obligations.
   • The film has certainly lived up to my expectations.
 live with somebody/something phrasal verb
  1. to accept a difficult situation that is likely to continue for a long time SYN put up with, tolerate:
   • You have to learn to live with stress.
   • He has lived with his illness for most of his life.
  2. to live in the same house as someone and have a sexual relationship with them without being married ⇨ live together:
   • She’s living with her boyfriend now.
  3. if something lives with you, it stays in your mind:
   • That episode has lived with me all my life.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

live

▪ I. live 1 [live lives lived living]   [lɪv]    [lɪv]  verb

see also  live2  

IN A PLACE

1. intransitive + adv./prep. to have your home in a particular place

• to live in a house

• Where do you live?

• She needs to find somewhere to live.

• We used to live in London.

• Both her children still live at home.

• (BrE, informal) Where do these plates live (= where are they usually kept)?  

BE ALIVE

2. intransitive to remain alive

• The doctors said he only had six months to live.

• Spiders can live for several days without food.

• ~ to do sth She lived to see her first grandchild.

3. intransitive to be alive, especially at a particular time

• When did Handel live?

• He's the greatest player who ever lived.  

TYPE OF LIFE

4. intransitive, transitive to spend your life in a particular way

• He lived in poverty most of his life.

• ~ sth She lived a very peaceful life.

• They lived their lives to the full.

• + noun She lived and died a single woman. 

BE REMEMBERED

5. intransitive to continue to exist or be remembered

Syn:  remain

• This moment will live in our memory for many years to come.

• Her words have lived with me all my life. 

HAVE EXCITEMENT

6. intransitive to have a full and exciting life

• I don't want to be stuck in an office all my life— I want to live!

Rem: or

more at be (living) on borrowed time at  borrow, be/live in clover at  clover, how the other half lives at  half  n., lead/live the life of Riley at  life, long live sb/sth at  long  adv., people (who live) in glass houses shouldn't throw stones at  people  n., be/live in each other's pockets at  pocket  n., live/sleep rough at  rough  adv.

Idioms: live a lie ▪ live and breathe something ▪ live and let live ▪ live by your wits ▪ live hand to mouth ▪ live in sin ▪ live in the past ▪ live it up ▪ live off the fat of the land ▪ live off the land ▪ live to fight another day ▪ you haven't lived ▪ you live and learn

Derived: live by doing something ▪ live by something ▪ live for somebody ▪ live in ▪ live off somebody ▪ live off something ▪ live on ▪ live on something ▪ live out ▪ live out something ▪ live something down ▪ live through something ▪ live together ▪ live up to something ▪ live with somebody ▪ live with something

See also: live with somebody

 

Word Origin:

Old English libban lifian Germanic Dutch leven German leben life leave

 

Thesaurus:

live verb

1. I (always used with an adverb or preposition)

• I live in a small house near the station.

formal inhabit • • occupy • • reside • |written people •

live/reside in/among/near sth

live in/inhabit/occupy/reside in a house

live in/inhabit/people the world

2. I

• Spiders can live for days without food.

survive • • come through (sth) • • make it • • pull through •

Opp: die

live/survive on (a diet of) sth

live/survive for a few days/many years, etc.

live/survive without food/money, etc.

live/survive/come/make it/pull through sth

3. I (not usually used in the progressive tenses)

• He's the greatest painter who ever lived.

exist • • be found •

 

Example Bank:

• All she wanted was to get married and live happily ever after.

• He lives in Cape Town.

• He was living quietly with his family.

• He's now living a life of luxury in Australia.

• He's still living at home.

• I absolutely could not live without my cell phone!

• I did want to live more fully.

• I shall remember this day for as long as I live.

• I still live with my mum.

• I'm not going to live here permanently.

• Many of the people live in poverty and misery.

• Most of the people live very well, with nice houses and plenty to eat.

• She disapproves of unmarried couples living together.

• She lived through two world wars.

• She lived to the age of 95.

• She lives quite near here.

• She tried to live vicariously through her children.

• She's lived at this same address for four years.

• The couple have lived apart for two years.

• They lived among the people of this remote island.

• They lived frugally off a diet of beans and lentils.

• They'll have enough money to live comfortably.

• Tonight she felt like living dangerously.

• We went to live in Canada when I was three.

• Who wants to live forever? I don't.

• Women live longer than men in general.

• You can live there quite cheaply.

• children living separately from their parents

• learning to live with disability

• living with Aids

• older people still living independently

• teaching children about the world we live in

• the need to live as harmoniously as possible with everyone else

• young couples looking for a place to live

• He's the greatest player who ever lived.

• I don't want to be stuck in an office all my life— I want to live!

• I live in an old farmhouse.

• She needs to find somewhere to live.

• Where do these plates live?

• to live (on) for decades/many years/all my life/the rest of my life

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

live / lɪv / verb [ I ] (BE ALIVE)

B1 :

He only lived a few days after the accident.(to continue) to be alive or have life

[ + to infinitive ] I hope I live to see my grandchildren.

Her granny lived to the ripe old age of 94.

Can the right to live ever be denied to any human?

She lived on well into her 90s.
 

live / lɪv / verb (HAVE A HOME)

live in, at, etc. A1 to have your home somewhere:

Where do you live?

We live in London.

Some students live on the University campus.

He lives with four other people in a shared house.

[ I ] informal to be kept usually in a particular place:

Where do the knives live in your kitchen?

I'm not sure where this bowl lives.
 

live / lɪv / verb [ I usually + adv/prep , T ] (SPEND LIFE)

B1 to spend your life in a particular way:

After a while you get used to living alone.

When you retire, you want to live a comfortable life.

So the couple got married and lived happily ever after .

He simply wants to live (out) (= experience) the rest of his days in peace.

The TV's broken - we'll just have to live without (= not have) it for a while.

She certainly lived her life to the full (= was always doing something interesting) .

figurative The US is living beyond its means (= spending more than it earns) .

 

live / lɪv / verb [ I ] (STAY ALIVE)

C2 to stay alive, especially by getting enough money to pay for food, a place to stay, clothing, etc.:

For several years she lived by begging.

She has an inheritance to live off ( US also live off of ) so she doesn't need to work.

He only agreed to marry her so he could live off her (money).
 

live / lɪv / verb [ I ] (CONTINUE)

(of things that are not alive) to exist or continue to exist:

The memory of those terrible days lives on .
 

live / lɪv / verb [ I ] (INTERESTING LIFE)

to have an interesting life:

I want to live a bit before I settle down.

If you haven't seen Venice, you haven't lived.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

live

 

I VERB USES
 
 lives, living, lived
 (Pronounced [lɪ̱v] in live 1, and [la͟ɪv] in live 2.)
 1) VERB If someone lives in a particular place or with a particular person, their home is in that place or with that person.
  [V adv/prep] She has lived here for 10 years...
  [V adv/prep] She always said I ought to live alone...
  [V adv/prep] Where do you live?...
  [V adv/prep] He still lives with his parents.
 2) VERB If you say that someone lives in particular circumstances or that they live a particular kind of life, you mean that they are in those circumstances or that they have that kind of life.
  [V adv/prep] We lived quite grandly...
  [V adv/prep] Compared to people living only a few generations ago, we have greater opportunities to have a good time...
  [V n] We can start living a normal life again now.
  [V-ing] ...the local support group for people living with HIV and AIDS.
 3) VERB If you say that someone lives for a particular thing, you mean that it is the most important thing in their life.
  [V for n] He lived for his work.
 4) VERB To live means to be alive. If someone lives to a particular age, they stay alive until they are that age.
  [V adv] He's got a terrible disease and will not live long...
  [V adv] A perennial is a plant that lives indefinitely...
  [V to-inf] He lived to be 103...
  [V to-inf] My father died nigh on ten years ago, but he lived to see his first grandson...
  [V to n] Matilda was born in northern Italy in 1046 and apparently lived to a ripe old age...
  [V-ing] The blue whale is the largest living thing on the planet...
  [V-ing] Ian was her only living relative.
 5) VERB: no cont If people live by doing a particular activity, they get the money, food, or clothing they need by doing that activity.
  [V by -ing/n] ...the last indigenous people to live by hunting...
  [V by -ing/n] These crimes were committed largely by professional criminals who lived by crime.
 6) VERB If you live by a particular rule, belief, or ideal, you behave in the way in which it says you should behave.
  [V by n] They live by the principle that we are here to add what we can to life, not to get what we want from it.
 7) VERB: no cont If a person or occasion lives in someone's mind or in history, they are remembered for a long time.
  [V with n] The memory of that will live with me for many years to come...
  [V in n] His name will live in history as one of the greatest bowlers of all time...
 PHRASAL VERB
 Live on means the same as live. Also V P V P in n Lenin lives on in the minds and hearts of millions of people.
 8) → See also living
 9) PHRASE: Vs inflect, PHR n (emphasis) If you say that someone lives and breathes a particular subject or activity, you are emphasizing that they are extremely enthusiastic about it.
  He has lived and breathed polo since he was seven.
 10) PHRASE: have inflects, usu PHR with cl If you tell someone that they haven't lived unless they experience a particular thing, you are telling them that thing is extremely good and should be experienced.
  If you have never been to an opera, you haven't lived...
  You haven't lived until you've used their new micro system.
 11) PHRASE: V inflects, usu PHR of -ing/n You can use expressions such as to live in fear and to live in terror to indicate that someone is always thinking about an unpleasant or frightening event, because they think that it might happen.
  One in 10 Californians is unemployed and thousands more live in fear of losing their jobs.
 12) CONVENTION You say live and let live as a way of saying that you should let other people behave in the way that they want to and not criticize them for behaving differently from you.
 13) PHRASE: V inflects If you live it up, you have a very enjoyable and exciting time, for example by going to lots of parties or going out drinking with friends. [INFORMAL]
  There is no reason why you couldn't live it up once in a while.
 14) to live hand to mouth → see hand
 to live a lie → see lie
 to live beyond your means → see means
 to live in sin → see sin
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - live down
  - live off
  - live on
  - live off
  - live on
  - live out
  - live through
  - live together
  - live up toII ADJECTIVE USES
 
 (Pronounced [lɪ̱v] in live 1, and [la͟ɪv] in live 2.)
 1) ADJ: ADJ n Live animals or plants are alive, rather than being dead or artificial.
  ...a protest against the company's tests on live animals.
  ...baskets of live chickens.
  Ant:
  dead
 2) ADJ A live television or radio programme is one in which an event or performance is broadcast at exactly the same time as it happens, rather than being recorded first.
  Murray was a guest on a live radio show.
  ...we were laughing and gossiping, oblivious to the fact that we were on live TV...
  They watch all the live matches...
  A broadcast of the speech was heard in San Francisco, but it is not known if this was live.
  Ant:
  pre-recorded
 ADV: ADV after v
 Live is also an adverb. It was broadcast live in 50 countries... We'll be going live to Nottingham later in this bulletin.
 3) ADJ: usu ADJ n A live performance is given in front of an audience, rather than being recorded and then broadcast or shown in a film.
  The Rainbow has not hosted live music since the end of 1981...
  A live audience will pose the questions...
  The band was forced to cancel a string of live dates.
  Ant:
  recorded
 ADV: ADV after v
 Live is also an adverb. Kat Bjelland has been playing live with her new band.
 4) ADJ: usu ADJ n A live recording is a recording of a band playing at a concert, rather than in a studio.
  This is my favourite live album of all time...
  The LP features live recordings from the `Great Xpectations' all-day show.
 5) ADJ: usu ADJ n A live wire or piece of electrical equipment is directly connected to a source of electricity.
  The plug broke, exposing live wires...
  He warned others about the live electric cables as they climbed to safety.
 6) ADJ: usu ADJ n Live bullets are made of metal, rather than rubber or plastic, and are intended to kill people rather than injure them.
  They trained in the jungle using live ammunition.
 7) ADJ: usu ADJ n A live bomb or missile is one which has not yet exploded.
  A live bomb had earlier been defused.
 8) PHRASE: V inflects If a system, campaign, or other course of action goes live, it starts to be used. [mainly BRIT]
  The new system went live earlier this year...
  The service should go live this summer.
 9) PHRASE: PHR n You use real live to say that someone or something is present or exists, when you want to indicate that you think this is exciting and unusual or unexpected. [INFORMAL]
  He had never met a real live admiral...
  She has the best pet of all - a real live tiger.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1live /ˈlɪv/ verb lives; lived; liv·ing
1 [no obj]
a : to be alive
• We learned about the people who lived during colonial times.
• I wonder what it was like to live then.
• She's one of the greatest writers who ever lived.
• It was one of the largest animals that has ever lived.
b : to continue to be alive
• He lived to the age of 92.
• He's very sick and he may not live much longer.
• I hope to live (long enough) to see my grandchildren grow up.
• I hope I live to see the day when you admit you've been wrong about me!
• I'll remember that day for as long as I live.
• She's living on borrowed time. [=she is continuing to live after she was expected to die, but she will probably die soon]
• Long live the Queen/King! [=may the Queen/King live for many years]
2 [no obj]
a : to have a home in a specified place
• He lives next door to his parents.
• We lived in the city/suburbs/country.
• I live on Main St. [=my house is on Main St.]
• It's a nice place to visit, but I wouldn't want to live there.
• He's still living at home (with his parents).
• animals living in zoos
b of a plant or animal : to grow naturally in a specified place or area
• Tigers don't live in Africa. [=there are no tigers in the wild in Africa]
• We've been studying the plants and animals that live in this area.
3 : to spend your life in a certain way or condition

[no obj]

• They live well/simply.
• He likes to live dangerously.
• They lived peacefully for many years.
• animals living in captivity
• We know very little about how people in these ancient cultures lived.
• They all lived happily ever after. [=they all lived happily for the rest of their lives]
• He is living within/beyond his means. [=he can/cannot afford the things that he buys or the way he lives]

[+ obj]

• If she believes that, she's living a fantasy. [=she is not seeing or accepting reality]
• They are living the American Dream. [=they are experiencing success in America]
4 [no obj] : to have an enjoyable and exciting life
• Now that he's retired he just wants to live a little. [=to spend time doing enjoyable things]
• You haven't lived until you've had a piece of my mom's apple pie! [=you would greatly enjoy my mom's apple pie]
5 [+ obj]
a : to spend (your life or part of your life) in a specified way
• They lived (the rest of) their lives in quiet retirement.
• He had lived a childhood free from worry.
• She lived her final years in seclusion.
• He lived life to the full/fullest. [=he fully enjoyed his life]
b : to have (a particular kind of life)
• She wants to live [=lead] a more productive life.
• They live a normal life.
• They are living a life of luxury.
• He made a lot of money in the stock market and he's been living the good life [=living the life of a wealthy person] ever since.
6 [no obj] : to continue to exist
• The good that people do lives long after they are gone.
• That day will always live in my memory. [=I will always remember that day]
7 [no obj] chiefly Brit informal : to belong in a specified place : to be located or stored
• “Where does this book live?” “It goes/belongs on the top shelf.”
live a lie
- see 4lie
live and breathe
- see breathe
live and learn or you live and (you) learn informal
- used to say that you have learned something from an experience that is surprising and usually unpleasant
• I thought I could trust him, but I couldn't. Oh well, you live and learn.
live and let live : to let others live the way they want to
• His philosophy was to live and let live.
live by [phrasal verb]
1 live by (something) : to agree with and follow (something, such as a set of beliefs)
• He tried to live by his faith.
• a principle I try to live by
2 a live by (doing something) : to survive by (doing something)
• They were an ancient people who lived by hunting and gathering.
b live by your wits : to survive by doing clever and sometimes dishonest things
• Out in the jungle, with no food or shelter, he had to live by his wits.
• a young thief who lives by her wits
live down [phrasal verb] live down (something) or live (something) down : to stop being blamed or laughed at for (something, such as a foolish or embarrassing error)
• He has a very bad reputation to live down.
- often used in negative statements
• I can't believe I forgot my wife's birthday! I'll never live this down.
live for [phrasal verb] live for (something)
1 : to wait or hope for (something) very eagerly
• I live for the day when we'll be together!
2 : to think of (something) as the most important or enjoyable part of your life
• She lives for her work. : to think of (something) as a reason for being alive
• He's depressed and feels as if he has nothing left to live for.
live in [phrasal verb] chiefly Brit : to live in the place where you work : to live in another person's home
• a maid who lives in
live in hope
- see 2hope
live in sin old-fashioned : to live together and have sex without being married
• His mother did not want him living in sin with his girlfriend.
live in the past : to think too much about something that happened in the past
• You have to accept that he's gone and stop living in the past.
live it up informal : to do exciting and enjoyable things
• He's been living it up out in California with his friends.
live large US slang : to live like a very wealthy and successful person
• a star who is living large
live off [phrasal verb] live off (something or someone) : to use (someone or something) as a source of the money or other things you need to live
• He has been living off his inheritance.
• He has been living off his girlfriend. [=his girlfriend has been supporting him financially]
• farmers who live off the land
live on [phrasal verb]
1 : to continue to exist
• His legend lives on.
2 live on (something)
a : to have or use (an amount of money) to pay for the things that you need to live
• You can't live on this salary. [=this salary does not provide enough money for food, shelter, etc.]
b : to have (a particular food) as the only or main food that you eat
• They lived mainly/mostly on fruits and berries.
live out [phrasal verb]
1 Brit : to live away from the place where you work
• a servant who lives out
2 live out (something) or live (something) out
a : to spend the rest of (your life) in a specified way
• He lived out (the final years of) his life in quiet retirement.
b : to do (the things you have dreamed of doing)
• He has finally had the chance to live out his dreams/fantasies.
live through [phrasal verb]
1 live through (something) : to survive (an experience, a troubling time, etc.) : endure
• If I can live through this, I can live through anything.
2 live through (someone) US sometimes disapproving : to enjoy the experiences and achievements of (another person) instead of your own experiences and achievements
• She can't live through her daughter.
live together [phrasal verb] : to live with another person and have sex without being married
• They lived together for several months before getting married.
live up to [phrasal verb] live up to (something)
1 : to do what is required by (something)
• She lived up to her promises. [=she kept her promises]
2 : to be good enough for (something)
• He has found it difficult to live up to his name/reputation. [=to be as good/successful as people think he is or should be]
• Their vacation didn't live up to their expectations. [=their vacation wasn't as good as they expected it to be]
live with [phrasal verb]
1 live with (something) : to accept and deal with (something unpleasant)
• You have to learn to live with [=put up with] other people's mistakes.
• I don't agree with his decision, but I'll have to live with it.
• Until we get a better answer, we will have to live with not knowing for sure.
• Because there was no cure, he had to learn to live with the disease.
2 live with (someone) : to live together and usually have sex with (someone)
• She's been living with him since college.

American English
British English
B1 (Intermediate)
live
verb
0

violin

US /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ 
UK /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ 
Example: 

Brahms' violin concert

a musical instrument that you hold under your chin and play by pulling a long object called a bow across its strings. Someone who plays a violin is called a violinist
 

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

Brahms' violin concerto

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
string instruments
Level: 
A2 (Elementary)
Region: 
American English
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

violin

 noun
a musical instrument that you hold under your chin and play by moving a stick (called a bow) across the strings

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

violin

vi‧o‧lin /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ noun [countable]
 [Date: 1500-1600; Language: Italian; Origin: violino, from viola; ⇨ viola]

  a small wooden musical instrument that you hold under your chin and play by pulling a bow (=special stick) across the strings

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

violin

vio·lin[violinviolins] [ˌvaɪəˈlɪn] [ˌvaɪəˈlɪn]noun
 

a musical instrument with strings, that you hold under your chin and play with a bow

• Brahms' violin concerto

compare  viola 

see also  fiddle 

 

Word Origin:

late 16th cent.: from Italian violino, diminutive of viola (see viola).

 

Example Bank:

• Bach's sonatas and partitas for solo violin

• The cello is a member of the violin family.

 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

violin / ˌvaɪəˈlɪn / noun [ C ]

violin

A2 a wooden musical instrument with four strings that is held against the neck and played by moving a bow across the strings

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

violin

[va͟ɪ͟əlɪ̱n]
 violins
 N-VAR: oft the N
 A violin is a musical instrument. Violins are made of wood and have four strings. You play the violin by holding it under your chin and moving a bow across the strings.
  Lizzie used to play the violin.
  ...the Brahms violin concerto in D.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

violin

vi·o·lin /ˌvajəˈlɪn/ noun, pl -lins [count] : a musical instrument that has four strings and that you usually hold against your shoulder under your chin and play with a bow - called also (informal) fiddle;

American English
British English
A2 (Elementary)
violin
noun
0

garden

garden [noun]
US /ˈɡɑːr.dən/ 
UK /ˈɡɑː.dən/ 
Example: 

the Garden of Eden

( US usually yard)  a piece of land next to and belonging to a house, where flowers and other plants are grown, and often containing an area of grass

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

the Garden of Eden

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
gardens and yards
Level: 
A1 (Basic)
Region: 
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

garden

 noun

1 (British) (American yard) a piece of land by your house where you can grow flowers, fruit, and vegetables:
Let's have lunch in the garden.

2 gardens (plural) a public park:
Kensington Gardens

>> garden verb (gardens, gardening, gardened ) to work in a garden:
My mother was gardening all weekend.

>> gardening noun (no plural) the work that you do in a garden to keep it looking attractive

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

garden

I.   noun

I. gar‧den1 S1 W1 /ˈɡɑːdn $ ˈɡɑːr-/ noun
  [Word Family: noun: garden, gardener, gardening; verb: garden]
 [Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old North French; Origin: probably from Vulgar Latin (hortus) gardinus 'enclosed (garden)']
 1. [countable] British English the area of land next to a house, where there are flowers, grass, and other plants, and often a place for people to sit SYN yard American English:
   • He’s outside in the garden.
   • Grace brought us some flowers from her garden.
  back/front garden (=at the back or front of the house)
 2. [countable] a part of the area next to a house, which has plants and flowers in it:
   • The house has a beautiful herb garden.
 3. gardens [plural] a large area of land where plants and flowers are grown so that the public can go and see them:
   • the Botanical Gardens at Kew
 4. Gardens British English used in the name of streets:
   • 211 Roland Gardens
  ⇨ kitchen garden, market garden, ⇨ lead somebody up the garden path at lead1(12)
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS(for Meanings 1 & 2)■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + garden

   ▪ overgrown (=covered with plants that have grown in an uncontrolled way) • The garden is getting rather overgrown.
   ▪ well-kept/tidy British English (also neat American English) • The hotel is set in a well-kept garden.
   ▪ untidy • There was a small untidy garden behind the house.
   ▪ the front garden British English (=at the front of a house) • Their house had a small front garden.
   ▪ the back garden British English (=behind a house) • The children are playing in the back garden.
   ▪ a flower/rose garden (=a garden planted with flowers/roses) • The cottage was surrounded by a flower garden.
   ▪ a kitchen garden British English (=where you grow fruit and vegetables) • The kitchen garden supplies vegetables to the manor house.
   ▪ a vegetable/herb garden (=where vegetables/herbs are grown) • Rows of lettuces had been sown in the vegetable garden.
   ▪ a rock garden (=a garden with rocks that have plants growing between them) • She helped me choose plants for the rock garden.

■ verbs

   ▪ water the garden • It hasn’t rained for a week – I should water the garden.
   ▪ weed the garden (=remove unwanted wild plants) • She was outside weeding the garden.
   ▪ plant a garden • They planted a beautiful rose garden in her memory.

■ garden + NOUN

   ▪ a garden shed (=a small building in the garden for storing tools and equipment) • We keep the lawnmower in the garden shed.
   ▪ garden tools (=tools that you use for digging, planting etc in the garden) • Choose the right garden tool and you’ll do the job properly.
   ▪ a garden centre British English, a garden center American English (=a shop selling plants and things for the garden) • I bought the plants at the garden centre.
   ▪ garden furniture (=chairs and tables used in a garden) • Garden furniture sells well when the weather is warm.
   ▪ a garden hose (=a long rubber tube used for watering a garden) • He accidentally left the garden hose running.
   ▪ a garden pond (=a small area of water in a garden) • The garden pond was full of fish.
   ▪ a garden gnome (=a stone or plastic figure in a garden, which looks like a little old man with a pointed hat) • Somebody had stolen one of their garden gnomes.
   ▪ the garden gate (= the gate between a garden and the street) • Martin was waiting by the garden gate.
   ▪ a garden path • Elaine walked up the garden path and into the house.
   ▪ garden waste (=grass, leaves etc that you have cut and do not want) • The brown bin is for garden waste.

■ phrases

   ▪ the bottom of the garden British English (=the end of the garden, away from the house) • There was a trampoline at the bottom of the garden.
 

THESAURUS■ areas and structures in a garden

   ▪ lawn [countable] an area of short grass in a garden: • They were sitting on the front lawn of the house.
   ▪ flowerbed [countable] an area of ground where you grow flowers: • The flowerbeds were well maintained.
   ▪ rockery [countable] British English an area of a garden where there are rocks with small flowers growing between them
   ▪ hedge [countable] a row of small bushes or trees growing close together, used for dividing one garden from another: • a beech hedge
   ▪ vegetable patch/plot [countable] (also kitchen garden British English) a part of a garden where you grow vegetables
   ▪ patio [countable] a flat stone area next to a house, where people sit outside
   ▪ decking [uncountable] a flat wooden area in a garden, where people can sit
   ▪ pond [countable] a small area of water in a garden
   ▪ water feature [countable] a small pool or structure with water running through it, used to make a garden look more attractive
   ▪ greenhouse [countable] a glass building where you can grow plants that need protection from the weather
   ▪ shed [countable] a small wooden building in a garden, where you can store things

■ work you do in a garden

   ▪ cut the grass/mow the lawn to cut grass using a machine: • I need to mow the lawn.
   ▪ trim a hedge to make a hedge look neater by cutting small pieces off it: • Hedges need to be trimmed regularly in summer.
   ▪ cut back/prune shrubs to cut pieces off a bush in order to make it grow better: • March is the ideal time for pruning roses.
   ▪ weed the flowerbeds/do some weeding to remove unwanted plants: • Dad was doing some weeding.
   ▪ sow seeds to put seeds in the ground: • The children had been sowing sunflower seeds.
   ▪ plant a plant/tree to put a plant or tree in the ground so that it will grow: • They’d planted a row of cherry trees.
   ▪ deadhead plants to remove the dead or dying flowers from a plant: • When deadheading roses, make sure you use sharp pruning scissors.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

garden

gar·den[gardengardensgardenedgardening]noun,verb [ˈɡɑːdn] [ˈɡɑːrdn]

noun

1. countable (BrE) (NAmE yard) a piece of land next to or around your house where you can grow flowers, fruit, vegetables, etc, usually with a lawn (= an area of grass)

• a front/back garden

• children playing in the garden

• garden flowers/plants

• out in the garden

• a rose garden (= where only roses are grown)

see also  kitchen garden, market garden, rock garden, roof garden

2. countable (NAmE) an area in a yard where you grow flowers or plants

3. countable (usually gardens) a public park

• the botanical gardens in Edinburgh

see also  zoological garden

4. gardens singular (abbr. Gdns) (BrE) used in the name of streets

• 39 Belvoir Gardens

more at common or garden at  common  adj., lead sb up/down the garden path at  lead1 v.

Word Origin:

Middle English: from Old Northern French gardin, variant of Old French jardin, of Germanic origin; related to yard  ‘area outside a building’.

Thesaurus:

garden noun

1. C (BrE)

• They sat in the garden, enjoying the sunshine.

grounds • |AmE yard • • backyard • |BrE park • • parkland •

the front/back garden/yard

(a) beautiful/landscaped garden/grounds/yard/backyard/park/parkland

2. C (especially AmE)

• They planted a garden of woodland plants.

bed • • border • • patch • • kitchen garden • |especially BrE allotment •

a flower/rose garden/bed

a vegetable garden/patch

3. gardens pl.

• The botanical gardens close at 6 p.m.

park • • playground • |especially AmE garden •

visit the gardens/park/garden

Example Bank:

• Maggie unwound the hose and watered the garden.

• Mary's out in the garden.

• Most of the hotel's salads are grown in its own kitchen garden.

• Old Mr Kenyon still keeps a garden.

• She has created a garden out of a wilderness.

• The garden is laid out in 18th-century style.

• The house overlooks the garden.

• These flowers brighten up backyard gardens all over the country.

• They hang out washing in their back gardens.

• We got someone to design the garden for us.

• We got the gravel at our local garden centre.

• We planted the garden with herbs and wild flowers.

• Weekends were spent doing the garden.

• a large country house with beautiful landscaped gardens

• a lovely Victorian walled garden

• a rock garden with an astonishing variety of alpine plants

• aphids, one of the commonest garden pests

• plants suitable for a small town garden

• Ease of cultivation makes it one of the best garden plants.

• They planted a garden of woodland plants that were native to the area.

• They sat in the garden and enjoyed the sunshine.

• a flower/rose/vegetable garden

Idiom: everything in the garden is rosy

Derived Words: gardener ▪ gardening 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

garden     / ɡɑ.d ə n /      / ɡɑr- /   noun   
  
    A1   [ C ]   ( US  usually   yard )   a piece of land next to and belonging to a house, where flowers and other plants are grown, and often containing an area of grass:  
  garden tools/furniture 
  a garden shed 
mainly  UK   The house has a large  back  garden, and a small  front  garden. 
    C1   [ C   usually plural ]   a public park with flowers, plants, and places to sit:  
  the Botanical Gardens 

 
© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

garden

[gɑ͟ː(r)d(ə)n]

 gardens, gardening, gardened
 1) N-COUNT In British English, a garden is a piece of land next to a house, with flowers, vegetables, other plants, and often grass. In American English, the usual word is yard, and a garden refers only to land which is used for growing flowers and vegetables.
  ...the most beautiful garden on Earth.
 2) VERB If you garden, you do work in your garden such as weeding or planting.
  Jim gardened at the homes of friends on weekends.
  Derived words:
  gardening N-UNCOUNT I have taken up gardening again.
 3) N-PLURAL Gardens are places like a park that have areas of plants, trees, and grass, and that people can visit and walk around.
  The Gardens are open from 10.30am until 5pm.
  ...Kensington Gardens.
 4) N-IN-NAMES Gardens is sometimes used as part of the name of a street.
  He lives at 9, Acacia Gardens.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1gar·den /ˈgɑɚdn̩/ noun, pl -dens
1 [count] US : an area of ground where plants (such as flowers or vegetables) are grown
• We planted a small garden in our backyard.
• a vegetable/rose garden
• a garden hose/cart/rake/path
• a garden party [=a party that takes place in a garden or in a large yard with gardens]
- see color picture 
2 [count] Brit : 1yard 1
• sitting out in the back garden
3 [count] : a public area with many plants and trees
• a botanical/public garden
- often plural
• Kew Gardens
4 [count] US : a large stadium or building for sports or entertainment - used in names
• They went to the hockey game at Madison Square Garden.
5 Gardens [plural] chiefly Brit
- used in street names
• Belsize Gardens
common-or-garden
- see 1common
lead someone down/up the garden path
- see 1lead

British English
A1 (Basic)
garden
noun
0

water

water [verb] (GIVE WATER)
US /ˈwɑː.t̬ɚ/ 
UK /ˈwɔː.tər/ 
Example: 

Pari watered the flowers.

to pour water on plants to keep them healthy
 

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

Pari watered the flowers.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
gardening - general words
Level: 
B2 (Upper-intermediate)
Region: 
American English
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

water

 verb (waters, watering, watered )

1 to give water to plants:
Have you watered the plants?

2 When your eyes water, they fill with tears:
The smoke made my eyes water.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

II.   verb

II. water2 verb
  [Word Family: adjective: underwater, water, waterless; noun: water, waters; verb: water; adverb: underwater]
 1. PLANT/LAND  [transitive] if you water plants or the ground they are growing in, you pour water on them:
   • Will you water my houseplants while I’m away?
   • The garden needs watering daily.
 2. your eyes water if your eyes water, tears come out of them:
   • Chopping onions makes my eyes water. ⇨ mouth-watering, ⇨ make your mouth water at mouth1(11)
 3. ANIMAL  [transitive] to give an animal water to drink:
   • Have the horses been fed and watered?
 4. RIVER  [transitive usually passive] technical if an area is watered by a river, the river flows through it and provides it with water:
   • Colombia is watered by several rivers.
 5. WEAKEN  [transitive] (also water down) to add water to a drink to make it less strong
 water something ↔ down phrasal verb
  1. to make a statement, report etc less forceful by changing it or removing parts that may offend people – used to show disapproval:
   • The report of the investigation had been watered down. ⇨ watered-down
  2. to add water to a drink to make it less strong SYN dilute

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

verb

1. transitive ~ sth to pour water on plants, etc

• to water the plants/garden

2. intransitive (of the eyes) to become full of tears

• The smoke made my eyes water.

3. intransitive (of the mouth) to produce saliva

• The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water.

4. transitive ~ sth to give water to an animal to drink

• to water the horses

• (humorous) After a tour of the grounds, the guests were fed and watered.

5. transitive, usually passive ~ sth (technical) (of a river, etc.) to provide an area of land with water

• The valley is watered by a stream.

6. transitive ~ sth to add water to an alcoholic drink

• watered wine

 

Word Origin:

 

Old English wæter (noun), wæterian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch water, German Wasser, from an Indo-European root shared by Russian voda (compare with vodka), also by Latin unda ‘wave’ and Greek hudōr ‘water’.

 

Example Bank:

• Keep the area well watered.

• Once we were fed and watered, she showed us up to our rooms.

• The proposals got somewhat watered down at committee stage.

• The roses need watering.

• The smell of the meat made her mouth water.

• Water your houseplants well before you go on holiday.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

water / ˈwɔː.tə r /   / ˈwɑː.t̬ɚ / verb (GIVE WATER)

B2 [ T ] to pour water on to plants or the soil that they are growing in:

I've asked my neighbour to water the plants while I'm away.

[ T ] to give an animal water to drink:

The horses had been fed and watered.
 

water / ˈwɔː.tə r /   / ˈwɑː.t̬ɚ / verb (PRODUCE LIQUID)

C2 [ I ] If your mouth waters, it produces a lot of saliva, usually because you can see or smell some food that you would like to eat:

The smell of that bread is making my mouth water!

[ I ] When your eyes water, they produce tears but not because you are unhappy:

How do you stop your eyes from watering when you're cutting up onions?

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

water

[wɔ͟ːtə(r)]
 
 waters, watering, watered
 1) N-UNCOUNT Water is a clear thin liquid that has no colour or taste when it is pure. It falls from clouds as rain and enters rivers and seas. All animals and people need water in order to live.
  Get me a glass of water.
  ...the sound of water hammering on the metal roof.
  ...a trio of children playing along the water's edge.
 2) N-PLURAL: with supp You use waters to refer to a large area of sea, especially the area of sea which is near to a country and which is regarded as belonging to it.
  The ship will remain outside Chinese territorial waters.
  ...the open waters of the Arctic Ocean.
 3) N-PLURAL: adj N You sometimes use waters to refer to a situation which is very complex or difficult.
  ...the man brought in to guide him through troubled waters...
  The British Government may be in stormy economic waters.
 4) VERB If you water plants, you pour water over them in order to help them to grow.
  [V n] He went out to water the plants.
 5) VERB If your eyes water, tears build up in them because they are hurting or because you are upset.
  His eyes watered from cigarette smoke.
 6) VERB If you say that your mouth is watering, you mean that you can smell or see some nice food and you might mean that your mouth is producing a liquid.
 → See also mouth-watering
  ...cookies to make your mouth water.
  Syn:
  salivate
 7) PHR-ERG: V inflects When a pregnant woman's waters break, the fluid in her womb that surrounds the baby passes out of her body, showing that the baby is ready to be born. A doctor or midwife can break a woman's waters so that the birth can begin.
  My waters broke at six in the morning and within four hours Jamie was born.
 8) PHRASE: v-link PHR If you say that an event or incident is water under the bridge, you mean that it has happened and cannot now be changed, so there is no point in worrying about it any more.
  He was relieved his time in jail was over and regarded it as water under the bridge.
 9) PHRASE If you are in deep water, you are in a difficult or awkward situation.
  You certainly seem to be in deep water...
  I could tell that we were getting off the subject and into deep water.
 10) PHRASE: V inflects, usu with brd-neg If an argument or theory does not hold water, it does not seem to be reasonable or be in accordance with the facts.
  This argument simply cannot hold water in Europe.
 11) PHRASE: v-link PHR, PHR after v If you are in hot water, you are in trouble. [INFORMAL]
  The company has already been in hot water over high prices this year.
 12) PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n If you pour cold water on an idea or suggestion, you show that you have a low opinion of it.
  City economists pour cold water on the idea that the economic recovery has begun.
 13) PHRASE: V and N inflect If you test the water or test the waters, you try to find out what reaction an action or idea will get before you do it or tell it to people.
  You should be cautious when getting involved and test the water before committing yourself.
 14) like water off a duck's back → see duck
 to take to something like a duck to water → see duck
 like a fish out of water → see fish
 to keep your head above water → see head
 to pour oil on troubled waters → see oil
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - water down

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

water

2water verb -ters; -tered; -ter·ing
1 [+ obj] : to pour water on (something, such as a plant)
• We need to water the lawn/garden/plants.
2 [+ obj] : to give (an animal) water to drink
• They fed and watered the horses in the barn.
3 [no obj] of the eyes : to produce tears
• My eyes were watering as I chopped the onions.
4 [no obj] of the mouth : to become wet with saliva especially because you want to eat or taste something
• Just smelling chocolate makes my mouth water. [=makes me want to taste or eat chocolate]
- see also mouth-watering
5 [+ obj] technical : to supply water to (a region or city) - usually used as (be) watered
• The vineyards are in a region watered by two rivers.
water down [phrasal verb] water (something) down or water down (something)
1 : to make (an alcoholic drink) weaker by adding water to it
• Someone watered down [=diluted] the punch.
2 disapproving : to make (something) less effective, powerful, etc.
• He had to water down [=simplify] the lecture for the younger students.
• The movie watered down the lessons of the book.

American English
British English
B2 (Upper-intermediate)
water
verb
0

camping

camping [noun]
US /ˈkæm.pɪŋ/ 
UK /ˈkæm.pɪŋ/ 
Example: 

The camp was in the middle of a beautiful forest.

The activity of living in a tent on holiday

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

The camp was in the middle of a beautiful forest.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
camping
Level: 
A2 (Elementary)
Region: 
American English
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

camping

 noun (no plural)
sleeping or spending a holiday in a tent:
Camping is no fun when it rains.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

camping

camp·ing /ˈkæmpɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]
  the holiday activity of living in a tent:camping gear/equipment:
   • The shop sells camping equipment such as sleeping bags and backpacks.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

camping

camp·ing [camping]   [ˈkæmpɪŋ]    [ˈkæmpɪŋ]  noun uncountable

living in a tent, etc. on holiday/vacation

• Do you go camping?

• a camping trip

• camping equipment

 

Example Bank:

• We go camping every weekend.

camp

camp [camp camps camped camping camper campest] noun, verb, adjective   [kæmp]    [kæmp] 

 

noun 

IN TENTS

1. countable, uncountable a place where people live temporarily in tents or temporary buildings

• Let's return to camp.

• to pitch/make camp (= put up tents)

• to break camp (= to take down tents)

see also  holiday camp  

HOLIDAY/VACATION

2. countable, uncountable a place where young people go on holiday/vacation and take part in various activities or a particular activity

• a tennis camp

• He spent two weeks at camp this summer.

• summer camp

see also  fat camp  

PRISON, ETC.

3. countable (used in compounds) a place where people are kept in temporary buildings or tents, especially by a government and often for long periods

• a refugee camp

• a camp guard

see also  concentration camp, prison camp, transit camp  

ARMY

4. countable, uncountable a place where soldiers live while they are training or fighting

• an army camp  

GROUP OF PEOPLE

5. countable a group of people who have the same ideas about sth and oppose people with other ideas

• the socialist camp

• We were in opposing camps.

• People are split into two camps on this issue.

6. countable one of the sides in a competition and the people connected with it

• There was an air of confidence in the England camp.

see have/keep a foot in both camps at  foot  n.

 

Word Origin:

n. and v. early 16th cent. French camp champ Italian campo Latin campus ‘level ground’
adj. early 20th cent.

 

Example Bank:

• Militants raided an army camp.

• She spent five years in a labour camp.

• The children are spending a week at a summer camp.

• The kids were at basketball camp most of the summer.

• The mountaineers set up their base camp at the foot of the mountain.

• The region split into two armed camps.

• There are opportunities for children to attend summer camps.

• They established a base camp by the river.

• We broke camp early the next morning.

• We pitched camp just outside the woods.

• a politician who switches camp when it suits him

• concentration camp survivors

• people in both main political camps

• the appalling conditions in the refugee camps

• Concentration camps were first used during the Boer War.

• He spent the rest of the war in a prison camp.

• Nearly a year after the disaster, many people are still living in refugee camps.

• The scientists split into two camps over the validity of animal studies.

• They were repeatedly beaten by camp guards.

Derived: camp it up ▪ camp out 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

camping / ˈkæm.pɪŋ / noun [ U ]

A2 the activity of staying in a tent on holiday :

We used to go camping in Spain when I was a child.

camping equipment

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

camp

/kæmp/
(camps, camping, camped)

Frequency: The word is one of the 1500 most common words in English.

1.
A camp is a collection of huts and other buildings that is provided for a particular group of people, such as refugees, prisoners, or soldiers, as a place to live or stay.
...a refugee camp...
2,500 foreign prisoners-of-war, including Americans, had been held in camps near Tambov.
N-COUNT: oft n N

2.
A camp is an outdoor area with buildings, tents, or caravans where people stay on holiday.
N-VAR

3.
A camp is a collection of tents or caravans where people are living or staying, usually temporarily while they are travelling.
...gypsy camps...
We’ll make camp on that hill ahead.
N-VAR

4.
If you camp somewhere, you stay or live there for a short time in a tent or caravan, or in the open air.
We camped near the beach.
VERB: V
•
Camp out means the same as camp.
For six months they camped out in a caravan in a meadow at the back of the house.
PHRASAL VERB: V P
• camp‧ing
They went camping in the wilds.
...a camping trip.
N-UNCOUNT

5.
You can refer to a group of people who all support a particular person, policy, or idea as a particular camp.
The press release provoked furious protests from the Gore camp and other top Democrats.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

6.
If you describe someone’s behaviour, performance, or style of dress as camp, you mean that it is exaggerated and amusing, often in a way that is thought to be typical of some male homosexuals. (INFORMAL)
James Barron turns in a delightfully camp performance.
ADJ
•
Camp is also a noun.
The video was seven minutes of high camp and melodrama.
N-UNCOUNT

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

camping
 

camping noun [noncount] : the activity of sleeping outdoors in a tent usually for enjoyment
• Camping is one of our favorite things to do.
• She likes to go camping on weekends.
- camping adj
• camping equipment/gear
• a camping trip

American English
British English
A2 (Elementary)
camping
noun
0

born

born [verb]
US /bɔːrn/ 
UK /bɔːn/ 
Example: 

born in Ardebil

Related quotes: 
The person born with a talent they are meant to use will find their greatest happiness in using it.

To come out of a mother's body, and start to exist

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

born in Ardebil

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
birth
Level: 
A2 (Elementary)
Region: 
American English
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

born

 adjective

be born to start your life:
He was born in 1990.
Where were you born?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

born

I.   verb

I. born1 S1 W2 verb
 1. be born when a person or animal is born, they come out of their mother’s body or out of an egg:
   • Forty lambs were born this spring.
  be born in
   • Swift was born in 1667.
  be born at
   • Then, most babies were born at home.
  be born on
   • I was born on December 15th, 1973.
  be born into/to/of something (=be born in a particular situation, type of family etc)
   • One third of all children are born into single-parent families.
  be born with something (=have a particular disease, type of character etc since birth)
   • Jenny was born with a small hole in her heart.
   • I was born and raised (=was born and grew up) in Alabama.
  be born blind/deaf etc (=be blind, deaf etc when born)
   • a newly-born baby
   • the queen’s firstborn son
  be born lucky/unlucky etc (=always be lucky, unlucky etc)
  Australian/French etc born (=born in or as a citizen of Australia etc)
   ► Do not say ‘I born’, ‘I have been born’, or ‘I am born’. Say I was born: I was born in Pakistan.
 2. START EXISTING  be born something that is born starts to exist:
   • the country where the sport of cricket was born
  be born (out) of (=as a result of a particular situation)
   • The alliance was born of necessity in 1941.
   • Bill spoke with a cynicism born of bitter experience.
 3. born and bred born and having grown up in a particular place and having the typical qualities of someone from that place:
   • I was born and bred in Liverpool.
 4. be born to do/be something to be very suitable for a particular job, activity etc:
   • He was born to be a politician.
 5. I wasn’t born yesterday spoken used to tell someone you think is lying to you that you are not stupid enough to believe them
 6. there’s one born every minute spoken used to say that someone has been very stupid or easily deceived
 7. be born under a lucky/unlucky star to always have good or bad luck in your life
 8. be born with a silver spoon in your mouth to be born into a rich family ⇨ natural-born

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

born

born verb, adjective   [bɔːn]    [bɔːrn] 

verb be born (used only in the passive, without by)
1. (abbr. b.) to come out of your mother's body at the beginning of your life
• I was born in 1976.
• He was born in a small village in northern Spain.
• She was born with a weak heart.
• ~ into sth She was born into a very musical family.
• ~ of/to sb He was born of/to German parents.
• + adj. Her brother was born blind (= was blind when he was born).

• + noun John Wayne was born Marion Michael Morrison (= that was his name at birth).

2. (of an idea, an organization, a feeling, etc.) to start to exist
• the city where the protest movement was born

• ~ (out) of sth She acted with a courage born (out) of desperation.

3. -born (in compounds) born in the order, way, place, etc. mentioned
• firstborn
• nobly-born
• French-born
see also  newborn 
more at not know you are born at  know  v., to the manner born at  manner, be/be born/be made that/this way at  way  n.  
Word Origin:
Old English boren, past participle of beran ‘to bear’, of Germanic origin; from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit bharati, Greek pherein, and Latin ferre.  
Collocations:
The ages of life
Childhood/youth
be born and raised/bred in Oxford; into a wealthy/middle-class family
have a happy/an unhappy/a tough childhood
grow up in a musical family/an orphanage; on a farm
be/grow up an only child (= with no brothers or sisters)
reach/hit/enter/go through adolescence/puberty
be in your teens/early twenties/mid-twenties/late twenties
undergo/experience physical/psychological changes
give in to/succumb to/resist peer pressure
assert your independence/individuality
Adulthood
leave school/university/home
go out to work (at sixteen)
get/find a job/partner
be/get engaged/married
have/get a wife/husband/mortgage/steady job
settle down and have kids/children/a family
begin/start/launch/build a career (in politics/science/the music industry)
prove (to be)/represent/mark/reach a (major) turning point for sb/in your life/career
reach/be well into/settle into middle age
have/suffer/go through a midlife crisis
take/consider early retirement
approach/announce/enjoy your retirement
Old age
have/see/spend time with your grandchildren
take up/pursue/develop a hobby
get/receive/draw/collect/live on a pension
approach/save for/die from old age
live to a ripe old age
reach the grand old age of 102/23 (often ironic)
be/become/be getting/be going senile (often ironic)
die (peacefully)/pass away in your sleep/after a brief illness 
Example Bank:
• I was born and bred in Texas.
• She was born into a wealthy family.
• The part is played by an American-born actress.
• Their child was born with a serious medical problem.
• babies who are born to very young mothers
• to be born of noble parents

Idioms: born and bred ▪ born to be something ▪ born with a silver spoon in your mouth ▪ in all my born days ▪ not be born yesterday ▪ there's one born every minute 

 

adjective only before noun
having a natural ability or skill for a particular activity or job
• a born athlete/writer/leader
• a born loser (= a person who always loses or is unsuccessful)  
Word Origin:

[born] Old English boren, past participle of beran ‘to bear’, of Germanic origin; from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit bharati, Greek pherein, and Latin ferre.

 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

born / bɔːn /   / bɔːrn / verb

be born A2 to come out of a mother's body, and start to exist:

She was born in 1950.

We saw a lamb being born.

Diana was born into an aristocratic family.

Ann was born and brought up in Ealing.

having started life in a particular way:

The toll of babies born with AIDS is rising.

Stevie Wonder was born blind.

C2 formal or literary If an idea is born, it starts to exist. born of sth formal existing as the result of something:

With a courage born of necessity, she seized the gun and ran at him.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

born

 

[bɔ͟ː(r)n]
 
 1) V-PASSIVE When a baby is born, it comes out of its mother's body at the beginning of its life. In formal English, if you say that someone is born of someone or to someone, you mean that person is their parent.
  [be V-ed] My mother was 40 when I was born...
  [be V-ed] She was born in London on April 29, 1923...
  [be V-ed of/to n] He was born of German parents and lived most of his life abroad...
  [V-ed] Willie Smith was the second son born to Jean and Stephen.
 2) V-PASSIVE: no cont If someone is born with a particular disease, problem, or characteristic, they have it from the time they are born.
  [be V-ed with n] He was born with only one lung...
  [be V-ed adj] Some people are born brainy...
  [be V-ed to-inf] I think he was born to be editor of a tabloid newspaper...
  [be V-ed n] We are all born leaders; we just need the right circumstances in which to flourish.
 3) V-PASSIVE: no cont You can use be born in front of a particular name to show that a person was given this name at birth, although they may be better known by another name. [FORMAL]
  [be V-ed n] She was born Jenny Harvey on June 11, 1946.
 4) ADJ: ADJ n You use born to describe someone who has a natural ability to do a particular activity or job. For example, if you are a born cook, you have a natural ability to cook well.
  Jack was a born teacher.
  Syn:
  instinctive
 5) V-PASSIVE When an idea or organization is born, it comes into existence. If something is born of a particular emotion or activity, it exists as a result of that emotion or activity. [FORMAL]
  [be V-ed] The idea for the show was born in his hospital room...
  [be V-ed] Congress passed the National Security Act, and the CIA was born...
  [be V-ed out of/of n] Energy conservation as a philosophy was born out of the 1973 oil crisis.
  Syn:
  conceive
 6) → See also -born, first born, newborn
 7) be born and bred → see breed
 be born with a silver spoon in your mouth → see spoon

 

[-bɔː(r)n]
 COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n
 -born combines with adjectives that relate to countries or with the names of towns and areas to form adjectives that indicate where someone was born. [JOURNALISM]
  The German-born photographer was admired by writers such as Oscar Wilde...
  Lancashire-born Miss Richardson lives alone in London.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

born

born /ˈboɚn/ adj
1 not used before a noun : brought into life by the process of birth
• She was born in a hospital.
• He was born on a farm.
• She was born in Nigeria in 1911.
• The baby was born on July 31st.
• Their second son was born prematurely.
- see also firstborn, newborn
2 : having certain qualities or characteristics from the time of birth
• born blind/deaf
• Both twins were born healthy.
• The author Mark Twain was born Samuel Clemens. [=was named Samuel Clemens at birth]
• She's a born teacher/leader. [=she was born with the qualities that make someone a teacher/leader]
✦If you were born to do something or born to be something, you have natural qualities or talents that make you perfectly suited to do or be something.
• She was born to teach. = She was born to be a teacher.
3 not used before a noun
- used to describe the place where someone was born
• He's American born. [=he was born in America]
• He's Mexican born and bred. = He was born and bred in Mexico. [=his birth and childhood took place in Mexico]
- often used in combination
• Maine-born
4 not used before a noun
- used to describe the social conditions or situations that exist when people are born
• Some are born in slavery, others born merely poor.
• She was born to riches/wealth. = She was born into a rich/wealthy family.
- see also highborn
5 not used before a noun : brought into existence
• Her dream of owning farm was born when she visited the countryside as a child.
• The wine is born [=created] from the union of two very different grapes.
• a mentality born in the age of computers
• Their relationship was born of necessity [=established because it was necessary in some way], but it has developed into a true and lasting friendship.
• Church leaders assert that the recent unrest in the city is born out of [=has occurred because of] years of neglect of the city's poor neighborhoods.
born too late
✦Someone who is said to be born too late seems to be better suited for life in an earlier time period.
• John prefers early jazz music over the modern stuff. I guess he was born too late.
born with a silver spoon in your mouth
✦If you were born with a silver spoon in your mouth, you were born into a very wealthy family.
in all your born days informal + somewhat old-fashioned : in your entire life - used to express how unexpected or unusual something is
• I never saw anything like it in all my born days.
there's one born every minute or there's a sucker born every minute informal
- used to say that there are many people in the world who are foolish and can be easily deceived;
to the manner born
- see manner
to the manor born
- see manor
wasn't born yesterday
✦Someone who wasn't born yesterday is unlikely to believe something that is not true or to trust someone who is not trustworthy.
• He said he'd pay me back, but I'll believe it when I see it. I wasn't born yesterday.

American English
British English
A2 (Elementary)
born
verb
0

charity

US /ˈtʃer.ə.t̬i/ 
UK /ˈtʃær.ə.ti/ 
Example: 

He left his belongings to local charities.

an organization to which you give money so that it can give money and help to people who are poor or ill, or who need advice and support

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

He left his belongings to local charities

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
charity organizations
Level: 
B1 (Intermediate)
Region: 
American English
British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

charity

 noun

1 (plural charities) an organization that collects money to help people who need it:
The Red Cross is a charity.
They give a lot of money to charity.

2 (no plural) being kind and helping other people

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

charity

char‧i‧ty S3 W3 /ˈtʃærəti, ˈtʃærɪti/ noun (plural charities)
 [Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: charité, from Late Latin caritas 'Christian love', from Latin carus 'dear']
 1. [countable] an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick etc ⇨ charitable:
   • Several charities sent aid to the flood victims.
  charity event/walk/concert etc (=an event organized to collect money for a charity)
 2. [uncountable] charity organizations in general:
   • All the money raised by the concert will go to charity.
  for charity
   • The children raised over £200 for charity.
 3. [uncountable] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick etc:
   • refugees living on charity
   • Her pride wouldn’t allow her to accept charity.
 4. [uncountable] formal kindness or sympathy that you show towards other people:
   • Mother Teresa’s works of charity
   • Newspaper reports showed him little charity.
 5. charity begins at home a phrase meaning that you should take care of your own family, country etc before you help other people
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS(for Meanings 1 & 2)■ verbs

   ▪ give something to charity • I like to give a small amount of what I earn to charity.
   ▪ donate something to charity (=give something to charity) • She sold all her jewellery and donated the money to charity.
   ▪ go to charity • Any profit that she makes from her writing goes to charity.
   ▪ raise money/funds for charity • A huge amount is raised for charity by the festival.
   ▪ support a charity (=give money to one) • Do you support any charities?

■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + charity

   ▪ a local charity (=one that operates near the place where you live) • All the money raised goes to local charities.
   ▪ an international charity (=one that operates all over the world) • The Red Cross is a well-known international charity.
   ▪ a national charity (=one that operates throughout a country) • Help the Aged is a national charity representing older people.
   ▪ a cancer charity (=one that raises money to treat or cure cancer) • The event raised thousands of pounds for a cancer charity.

■ charity + NOUN

   ▪ a charity shop (=one that gives the money it makes to a charity) • Give your old clothes to a charity shop.
   ▪ a charity event (=one organized to collect money for a charity) • She spoke at a charity event in aid of famine relief.
   ▪ a charity match/concert/show etc • The band appeared at a charity concert for free.
   ▪ a charity worker (=someone who works for a charity, often without pay) • Charity workers say these reforms will not help the poor.
   ▪ a charity appeal (=an act of asking people to give money to a charity) • The organization is launching a charity appeal for a new air ambulance.
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ organization a group of people, companies, or countries, which is set up for a particular purpose: • Greenpeace is an international organization that protects the environment. | • the World Health Organization
   ▪ institution a large important organization such as a bank, church, or university: • The University is an important academic institution. | • financial institutions such as banks
   ▪ association an organization for people in a particular profession, sport, or activity, which officially represents its members – often used in names: • I met a representative of the National Association of Teachers. | • the Football Association
   ▪ party an organization of people with the same political aims which you can vote for in elections: • Which political party do you support? | • He voted for the Republican Party’s candidate.
   ▪ body an important group of people who make the rules and advise people about what should be allowed: • the sport’s governing body | • The government has set up an advisory body.
   ▪ club/society an organization for people who share an interest, for example a sport: • We belong to a tennis club. | • I joined the university film society.
   ▪ union an organization formed by workers in order to protect their rights: • The union ordered its members out on strike.
   ▪ charity an organization which collects money to help people who are poor, sick etc and does not make any profit for itself: • She has raised a lot of money for local charities.
   ▪ quango British English disapproving an organization set up by the government, which has official power but whose members have not been elected: • the amount of money that is wasted on government quangos

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

charity

char·ity [charity charities]   [ˈtʃærəti]    [ˈtʃærəti]  noun (pl. char·ities)

1. countable an organization for helping people in need

• Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine.

• The concert will raise money for local charities.

2. uncountable the aim of giving money, food, help, etc. to people who are in need

• Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity.

• Do you give much to charity?

• a charity concert (= organized to get money for charity)

• to live on/off charity (= to live on money which other people give you because you are poor)

3. uncountable (formal) kindness and sympathy towards other people, especially when you are judging them

• Her article showed no charity towards her former friends.

Idiom: charity begins at home 

 

Word Origin:

late Old English (in the sense ‘Christian love of one's fellows’): from Old French charite, from Latin caritas, from carus ‘dear’.

 

Culture:

charities

Charities are independent organizations that help the poor, the homeless, children, old people and animals. They are involved with human rights, education, medical research and conservation of the environment. Many of them began in the time before governments provided any social services, when poor people had to turn to charitable organizations for help. Charities rely on money given by the public, and on help from volunteers in fund-raising and carrying out their activities.

In 2003 there were about 187 000 charities in Britain, with a total income of £30 billion. The charity with the highest income was Cancer Research UK. Many charities that are now well known throughout the world, such as Oxfam and Amnesty International, began in Britain. Americans are also enthusiastic supporters of charities. In 2002 they gave over $240 billion. The Salvation Army received the most money.

In Britain organizations qualify for charitable status if they are established for the ‘public good’. Many charities ask well-known people, including members of the royal family, to become their patrons. Charities do not pay tax on the money they receive, but they are not allowed to make a profit.

Charities in Britain are not allowed to take part in political activity, so some set up a separate pressure group which campaigns on related issues. The Charity Commission keeps a list of charities and advises them. Well-known charities working in Britain include Oxfam, the British Heart Foundation, which pays for research into heart disease, Barnardo's, Age Concern, Help the Aged and Shelter

In the US religious organizations receive most money from the public, followed by those concerned with social services, education and health. Well-known charities include the Salvation Army, the Red Cross, the United Negro College Fund, which helps African Americans get an education, and the American Cancer Society. Local charities operate shelters for the homeless and soup kitchens where poor people can eat free.

A lot of the work done by charities in the US, such as caring for the poor or providing education, is done in other countries by the government. Americans have a strong belief that, if possible, private groups, not the government, should do this work.

The traditional method of raising money is to organize a flag day. Volunteers stand in busy streets asking members of the public to put money in a collecting tin. In exchange, they are given a paper sticker, formerly a small paper flag with a pin through it, with the charity’s name on it. This is sometimes called ‘tin-rattling’. The British Legion's flag day, called Poppy Day, has become a feature of British life.

Nearly every town in Britain has several charity shops. These are run by volunteer staff and sell second-hand clothes, books and household goods at low prices in aid of charity. Some shops, e.g. Oxfam shops, also sell goods made by people who are benefiting from the charity’s work. At Christmas, people often buy charity cards, cards sold in aid of charity. Charity shops

(AmE thrift shops). are less common in the US, but include shops run by the Salvation Army and Goodwill.

In recent years, the telethon has proved an effective method of fund-raising. During an evening of popular television programmes, television stars ask the public to telephone and pledge (= promise) money to the charities involved. The Comic Relief evening in Britain and the muscular dystrophy telethon in the US are the most famous. Other fund-raising activities include fêtes (= outdoor sales of craftwork, plants, etc.) and jumble sales (= sales of second-hand goods). Sponsored walks, cycle rides, even parachute jumps, where people agree to give money to a person completing a task, are also popular. At Christmas or Thanksgiving, schools and churches organize collections of food, called food drives in the US, for old people and the poor.

An important source of funds for charities in Britain is the National Lottery, which gives a proportion of its income to ‘good causes’.

In both Britain and the US many workers have money taken from their pay and sent to charity. This is called payroll giving. Some companies in the US hold fund-raising drives, in which different parts of the company compete to see which of them pledges the most money. The United Way, a national organization that collects money to give to small local charities, benefits from this. As in Britain, many people leave money to charity in their will. It is also common, when somebody dies, for the family to ask people to send a contribution to a charity instead of sending flowers to the funeral.

 

Thesaurus:

charity noun

1. C

• helping local charities

cause • • foundation • |law trust •

a charity/foundation/trust for sth

a national/private/independent/family/educational/medical/conservation/housing charity/foundation/trust

help/support a charity/cause/foundation/trust

2. U

• raising money for charity

aid • • relief • • welfare • |sometimes disapproving handout •

ask for/get/receive charity/aid/relief/welfare

give (sb) charity/aid/relief/handouts

rely/depend on charity/welfare/handouts

 

Example Bank:

• She runs a charity for homeless young people.

• The school raised a lot of money for charity.

• The school raised over a hundred pounds for charity.

• They are proud people who don't accept charity.

• They have no money and are forced to live on charity.

• a charity for sick children

• He refused to live off charity.

• He replied patiently, with more charity than I deserved.

• Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

charity / ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti /   / ˈtʃer.ɪ.t̬i / noun [ C or U ] (GIVING)

B1 a system of giving money, food, or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor, or have no home, or any organization that has the purpose of providing money or helping in this way:

She does a lot of work for charity.

People tend to give to (= give money to) charity at Christmas time.

Proceeds from the sale of these cards will go to (= be given to) local charities.

UNICEF is an international charity.

They did a charity performance on the first night, to raise money for AIDS research.
 

charity / ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti /   / ˈtʃer.ɪ.t̬i / noun [ U ] formal (KIND)

C2 the quality of being kind to people and not judging them in a severe way

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

charity

 

[tʃæ̱rɪti]

 charities
 1) N-COUNT: oft supp N A charity is an organization which raises money in order to help people who are ill, disabled, or very poor.
  The National Trust is a registered charity.
  ...an Aids charity.
 2) N-UNCOUNT If you give money to charity, you give it to one or more charitable organizations. If you do something for charity, you do it in order to raise money for one or more charitable organizations.
  He made substantial donations to charity...
  Gooch will be raising money for charity.
  ...a charity event.
 3) N-UNCOUNT People who live on charity live on money or goods which other people give them because they are poor.
  She was very proud was my mum. She wouldn't accept charity...
  Her husband is unemployed and the family depends on charity.
 4) N-UNCOUNT Charity is kindness and understanding towards other people. [FORMAL]
 5) PHRASE: V inflects If you say charity begins at home, you mean that people should deal with the needs of people close to them before they think about helping others.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

charity

char·i·ty /ˈʧerəti/ noun, pl -ties
1 [noncount] : the act of giving money, food, or other kinds of help to people who are poor, sick, etc.
• The holidays are a time for charity and good will. also; : something (such as money or food) that is given to people who are poor, sick, etc.
• She refused to accept charity.
✦The phrase charity begins at home means you should take care of yourself and your family before helping others.
2 a [count] : an organization that helps people who are poor, sick, etc.
• The dinner was held to raise funds for several charities.
• She runs a local charity that gives books to children.
b [noncount] : the organizations that help people in need
• All the money will go to charity.
- often used before another noun
• a charity concert/dinner/event [=a concert/dinner/event held to raise money for a charity]

American English
British English
B1 (Intermediate)
charity
noun
0

fishing

fishing [noun]
US /ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/ 
UK /ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/ 
Example: 

He was fishing.

the sport or business of catching fish

Persian equivalent: 

Click here.

Example: 

He was fishing.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme: 
fishing
Level: 
A2 (Elementary)
Region: 
American English
British English

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

fishing

fish‧ing S3 /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]
  [Word Family: noun: fish, fishing, fishery; verb: fish; adverb: fishily; adjective: fishy]
 1. the sport or business of catching fish:
   • Fishing is one of his hobbies.
   • Terry’s going fishing at Lake Arrowhead next weekend.
  deep sea/freshwater/saltwater fishing
  salmon/trout/bass etc fishing ⇨ flyfishing
 2. be on a fishing expedition American English informal to try to find out secret information by asking a lot of questions about different things

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

fishing

fish·ing   [ˈfɪʃɪŋ]    [ˈfɪʃɪŋ]  noun uncountable

the sport or business of catching fish

• They often go fishing.

• deep-sea fishing

• a fishing boat

• fishing grounds

• We enjoyed a day's fishing by the river.

 

Culture:

field sports [field sports fishing]

The main field sports are hunting, shooting and fishing. They are often also called blood sports because they involve killing animals. In Britain all three sports were traditionally associated with the upper classes, although today they all, especially fishing, attract a much wider group of people.

Fox-hunting, usually called just ‘hunting’ in Britain, was until recently the most common form of hunting. A pack of specially trained dogs (called foxhounds) chase after and kill a fox while a group of people follow on horseback, traditionally wearing pink (= red jackets) and blowing horns. Fox-hunting was once a popular subject for painting and some English country pubs display sets of prints. Fox-hunting, together with stag-hunting (= the hunting of male deer), hare coursing, in which greyhounds chase after a hare (= a type of rabbit) are now illegal, as are other blood sports such as badger-baiting and cockfighting.

The ban on hunting was an important political issue in Britain. Many people believe hunting is cruel and should be stopped, but some people living in the country see the ban as an attack on their way of life. The ban finally came into effect in 2005. Organizations opposed to hunting with dogs include the League Against Cruel Sports and the RSPCA ( Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). The main organization in favour is the Countryside Alliance.

Shooting game birds, such as pheasant and grouse, is a sport mainly of the upper and middle classes. Grouse shooting begins each year on 12 August, the Glorious Twelfth, and takes place mainly in Scotland. The hunters often employ beaters to drive the birds towards their guns. Those who object to shooting at live birds for sport do clay pigeon shooting (= shooting at clay discs fired into the air).

Fishing, often called angling, is a very popular sport and there are many angling clubs. Three main types of angling take place: fly-fishing, coarse fishing and sea fishing. Fly-fishing, which is expensive, is fishing for salmon, trout and other fish in fast-flowing rivers, using specially disguised hooks. Coarse fishing in rivers and lakes for fish other than salmon and trout, most of which are thrown back after being caught, is more widely popular. On the coast people may fish with a rod and line from a boat or from the shore.

The US probably has more hunting organizations than any other country. This is mainly because of two strong traditions: the Constitution gives all Americans the right to own guns, and Americans have always hunted animals for food. The first Europeans who settled America hunted deer, bear, foxes, turkeys and ducks to survive, and many Americans still eat what they shoot. For these reasons, hunting is a sport for all classes and many people own hunting rifles. Americans do not use the name field sports. Instead they say outdoor sports or, because that can include camping, walking and boating, simply hunting and fishing. Bird hunting is often used instead of shooting, because that can also mean shooting at targets made of wood.

Many other Americans are against hunting, but animal rights groups have little power against organizations like the National Rifle Association, which has more than 4 million members, and other politically active groups that support hunting and fishing. Conservation organizations like the Colorado Wildlife Coalition also use their influence to protect the rights of people to hunt and fish.

The first US hunting club, the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club, was established in 1766 in Philadelphia. Fox-hunting now only takes place in a few eastern states where it is associated with the upper class and has little opposition. Americans generally hunt deer, elk, bear, antelope, mountain lion, raccoon and wild birds. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is in charge of fishing and hunting laws. States have their own wildlife departments and sometimes both national and state permission is needed to hunt.

Fishing is the most popular outdoor sport in America. Freshwater (= river) fish caught in the US include trout, bass and salmon. Saltwater (= sea) fish include flounder, mackerel, shark, snapper and tuna.

 

Example Bank:

• Ecuador announced a ban on fishing for shrimp.

• Fishing rights are held by the local angling club.

• He goes fishing every weekend.

• Just below that bridge is a good fishing spot.

• One of his hobbies was fly-fishing.

• She has been big game fishing off the coast of Kenya.

• The two countries have signed a new fishing agreement.

• This stretch of the river is renowned for its good fishing.

• You need a fishing licence to fish in the lake.

• controls on fishing activity

• the rich fishing grounds off the coast of Namibia

 

x

fish

fish [fish fishes fished fishing] noun, verb   [fɪʃ]    [fɪʃ]

noun (pl. fish or fishes) Fish is the usual plural form. The older form, fishes, can be used to refer to different kinds of fish.

1. countable a creature that lives in water, breathes through gills, and uses fins and a tail for swimming

• They caught several fish.

• tropical/marine/freshwater fish

• shoals (= groups) of fish

• a fish tank/pond

• There are about 30 000 species of fish in the world.

• The list of endangered species includes nearly 600 fishes.

• Fish stocks in the Baltic are in decline.

• In the pool she could see little silvery fish darting around.

see also  coarse fish, flatfish, sea fish, shellfish, wet fish

2. uncountable the flesh of fish eaten as food

• frozen/smoked/fresh fish

• fish pie

• The chef's fish dishes are his speciality.

• Fish forms the main part of their diet.

more at a big fish (in a small pond) at  big  adj., a cold fish at  cold  adj., a different kettle of fish at  different, drink like a fish at  drink  v., be like shooting fish in a barrel at  shoot  v.

 

Word Origin:

Old English fisc (as a noun denoting any animal living exclusively in water), fiscian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch vis, vissen and German Fisch, fischen.

 

Collocations:

The living world

Animals

animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on sth)

fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs)

birds fly/migrate/nest/sing

insects crawl/fly/bite/sting

insects/bees/locusts swarm

bees collect/gather nectar/pollen

spiders spin/weave a web

snakes/lizards shed their skins

bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate

insect larvae grow/develop/pupate

an egg/a chick/a larva hatches

attract/find/choose a mate

produce/release eggs/sperm

lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs

inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast

mark/enter/defend (a) territory

stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey

Plants and fungi

trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower

a seed germinates/sprouts

leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form

flower buds swell/open

a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes sth

pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant

produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores

produce/bear fruit

develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves

provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients

perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis

Bacteria and viruses

bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply

bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on sth

bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize sth/cause disease

bacteria break sth down/convert sth (into sth)

a virus enters/invades sth/the body

a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself)

be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria

contain/carry/harbour (especially US) harbor bacteria/a virus

kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria

 

Example Bank:

• He landed a big fish.

• He landed one very big fish.

• I cleaned and filleted the fish.

• Remove the skin and flake the cooked fish.

• The fish aren't biting today.

• The fish aren't biting= taking the bait today.

• This fish tastes funny.

• fish farmed in Canada

• the depletion of fish stocks

Idioms: a queer fish ▪ fish out of water ▪ have other fish to fry ▪ neither fish nor fowl ▪ there are plenty more fish in the sea

Derived: fish for something ▪ fish somebody out 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

fishing / ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ / noun [ U ]

A2 the sport or job of catching fish:

My dad loves to go fishing.

a fishing rod ( US pole)

salmon/trout fishing

fishing tackle (= equipment used for catching fish)

Fishing is still their main source of income.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

fishing

[fɪ̱ʃɪŋ]

 N-UNCOUNT
 Fishing is the sport, hobby, or business of catching fish.
  Despite the poor weather the fishing has been pretty good.
  ...a fishing boat.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

fishing

fishing noun [noncount] : the sport or business of catching fish
• The fishing was pretty good today.
• I'm going fishing this weekend.
- often used before another noun
• I bought a fishing pole/rod and some fishing line.
• a store that sells fishing gear
- see also fly-fishing fishing expedition at expedition

American English
British English
A2 (Elementary)
fishing
noun

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