British English

Example:

I grew up in London.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

grow up

grow up phrasal verb (see also ↑grow)
1. to develop from being a child to being an adult:
What do you want to be when you grow up?
I grew up in Chicago.
2. grow up! spoken used to tell someone to behave in a more responsible way, like an adult
3. to start to exist or develop gradually:
Trading settlements grew up by the river.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

grow up

ˌgrow ˈup derived

1. (of a person) to develop into an adult

• She grew up in Boston (= lived there as a child).

• Their children have all grown up and left home now.

• ~ to do sth He grew up to become a famous pianist.

related noun grown-up2

2. used to tell sb to stop behaving in a silly way

• Why don't you grow up?

• It's time you grew up.

3. to develop gradually

• A closeness grew up between the two girls.

Main entry: growderived

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

grow up (PERSON) — phrasal verb with grow / ɡrəʊ / / ɡroʊ / verb ( grew , grown )

A2 to gradually become an adult:

I grew up in Scotland (= I lived there when I was young) .

Taking responsibility for yourself is part of the process of growing up.

grow up (CITY) — phrasal verb with grow / ɡrəʊ / / ɡroʊ / verb ( grew , grown )

If a town or city grows up in a particular place or way, it develops there or in that way:

The city grew up originally as a crossing point on the river.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

grow up

1) PHRASAL VERB When someone grows up, they gradually change from being a child into being an adult.
→ See also grown-up
  [V P] She grew up in Tokyo.
2) PHRASAL VERB: usu imper (disapproval) If you tell someone to grow up, you are telling them to stop behaving in a silly or childish way. [INFORMAL]
  [V P] It's time you grew up.
3) PHRASAL VERB If something grows up, it starts to exist and then becomes larger or more important.
  [V P] A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

grow

grow /ˈgroʊ/ verb grows; grew /ˈgruː/; grown /ˈgroʊn/; grow·ing
1 [no obj] : to become larger : to increase in size, amount, etc.
• The city is growing rapidly/dramatically.
• The list of chores to do this weekend keeps growing.
- often + in
• The sport is growing in popularity. [=is becoming more popular]
• The school has grown (considerably/greatly) in size.
• His followers continue to grow in number. [=to become more numerous]
2 [no obj] : to become better or improved in some way : to become more developed, mature, etc.
• She grew intellectually and emotionally in her first year at college.
• It's wonderful to see how she has grown as a person since going to college.
3 [no obj] : to become larger and change from being a child to being an adult as time passes : to pass from childhood to adulthood
• It can be hard to watch our children change as they grow.
• He's still just a growing boy.
• She's grown (by) at least an inch since the last time I saw her.
4 a [no obj] of a plant : to exist and develop
• These trees grow only in the jungle.
• As the tree grew taller, the branches began to touch the house.
• This plant does well in difficult growing conditions. [=conditions in which it is difficult for most plants to grow]
• The flowers grow wild [=grow naturally without being planted or cared for by humans] along the highway.
b [+ obj] : to cause (a plant) to grow : to cultivate or raise (a plant)
• She grows tomatoes in her garden.
• The plant is grown for its colorful flowers.
5 of hair, fingernails, etc. : to become longer

[no obj]

• She's letting her hair grow a little.
• His fingernails grow quickly.

[+ obj]

• She's growing her hair long.
• He tried to grow a beard/mustache. [=to have a beard/mustache by letting the hair on his face grow]
- see also grow out 1 (below)
6 a always followed by an adjective [linking verb] : become
• He suddenly grew pale.
• He had grown tired of hearing about their problems.
• She grew fat due to her lack of exercise.
• He's worried about growing old.
• These diseases are growing more common.
• We have grown accustomed to his angry outbursts.
b [no obj] : to have or form an opinion, attitude, etc., after time passes - followed by to + verb
• She's grown to like her new job.
• I grew to admire her very much.
• I grew to feel that these problems were not important.
• She grew to hate him for his selfishness.
7 [+ obj] : to cause (something, such as a business) to develop or get bigger
• These changes should allow us to grow the company while reducing waste.
• He claims that his proposals will help grow the economy.
grow apart [phrasal verb] : to become less friendly or emotionally close as time passes : to become distant from someone
• My wife and I have grown apart over the years.
grow from [phrasal verb] grow from (something) : to come from or originate from (something)
• The company grew from an idea he had in college.
grow into [phrasal verb] grow into (something)
1 : to become (something) as time passes
• She has grown into an accomplished and charming young woman.
• His small company has grown into a huge international corporation.
2 : to become large enough for (a certain size of clothing)
• Ben will grow into Billy's shoes in a year or two.
grow on [phrasal verb] grow on (someone) : to become more appealing to (someone) as time passes
• Try the dish again—it grows on you.
• I didn't like him at first, but he's starting to grow on me.
grow on trees informal : to exist in large amounts : to be easy to get
• Good jobs don't grow on trees. [=good jobs are hard to get]
• He acts as if money grows on trees.
grow out [phrasal verb]
1 grow (something) out or grow out (something) : to allow (something) to get longer
• She's growing out her hair.
- see also grow 5 (above)
2 grow out of (something)
a : to develop or come from (a source)
• The project grew out of a simple suggestion.
• This new theory grew out of their earlier research.
b : to become too large for (a certain size of clothing)
• He quickly grew out of his clothes.
- see also outgrow
c : to stop doing or having (something) because you are older and more mature
• She hoped to grow out of her bad habits.
• He's wild now, but he'll grow out of it.
grow up [phrasal verb]
1 a : to become an adult
• She wants to be a firefighter when she grows up.
- used to describe where you lived, what you did, etc., when you were a child
• I grew up in the city.
• We grew up poor, but we always had food on the table.
• He grew up playing music. [=he played music when he was a child]
b : to stop thinking and behaving in a childish way
• It's time for him to grow up and start accepting his responsibilities.
• Oh, grow up!
- see also grown-up
2 : to begin to exist and develop as time passes
• A number of villages and cities grew up along the river.
• A rivalry grew up between the villages.
- grow·er /ˈgrowɚ/ noun, pl -ers [count]
• corn/fruit growers
• This plant is known as a fast grower.
- growing adj always used before a noun
• There is growing acceptance of the new plan.
• the growing popularity of this film
• There's a growing sense that he may be right.

architecture

architecture [noun]

/ˈɑːr.kə.tek.tʃɚ/

/ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/

Example:

classical architecture

The art and practice of designing and making buildings

Persian equivalent:

Example:

classical architecture

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

architecture

noun (no plural)

1 the study of designing and making buildings:
He has a degree in architecture.

2 the design or style of a building or buildings:
Do you like modern architecture?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

architecture

ar‧chi‧tec‧ture S3 W3 /ˈɑːkətektʃə, ˈɑːkɪtektʃə $ ˈɑːrkətektʃər/ noun
1. [uncountable] the style and design of a building or buildings
  architecture of
   • the architecture of Venice
  modern/classical/medieval etc architecture
2. [uncountable] the art and practice of planning and designing buildings:
   • He studied architecture at university.
3. [uncountable] the structure of something:
   • the architecture of DNA
4. [uncountable and countable] technical the structure of a computer system and the way it works
—architectural /ˌɑːkəˈtektʃərəl◂, ˌɑːkɪˈtektʃərəl◂ $ ˌɑːr-/ adjective:
   • architectural features
—architecturally adverb:
   • Architecturally, Chengdu is quite different from most of China.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

architecture

archi·tec·ture [architecture architectures] [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)] [ˈɑːrkɪtektʃər] noun

1. uncountable the art and study of designing buildings

• to study architecture

2. uncountable the design or style of a building or buildings

• the architecture of the eighteenth century

• modern architecture

3. countable, uncountable (computing) the design and structure of a computer system

Word Origin:

mid 16th cent.: from Latin architectura, from architectus from Greek arkhitektōn, from arkhi- ‘chief’ + tektōn ‘builder’.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

architecture / ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃə r / / ˈɑːr.kɪ.tek.tʃɚ / noun [ U ]

B1 the art and practice of designing and making buildings:

to study architecture

B1 the style in which buildings are made:

Roman architecture

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

architecture

[ɑ͟ː(r)kɪtektʃə(r)]
architectures
1) N-UNCOUNT Architecture is the art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.
  He studied classical architecture and design in Rome.
2) N-UNCOUNT: with supp The architecture of a building is the style in which it is designed and constructed.
  ...modern architecture.
  ...a fine example of Moroccan architecture.
  ...the architecture of the city's buildings.
3) N-UNCOUNT: also N in pl, N of n The architecture of something is its structure. [FORMAL]
  ...the crumbling intellectual architecture of modern society.
  ...the architecture of muscle fibres.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

architecture

ar·chi·tec·ture /ˈɑɚkəˌtɛkʧɚ/ noun, pl -tures
1 [noncount] : the art or science of designing and creating buildings
• In college, he studied architecture.
2 [noncount] : a method or style of building
• The architecture of the building is modern.
3 [count] technical : the way in which the parts of a computer are organized
• different program architectures
- ar·chi·tec·tur·al /ˌɑɚkəˈtɛkʧərəl/ adj
• architectural blueprints/designs/drawings/plans
• an architectural detail/element/feature/style
- ar·chi·tec·tur·al·ly adv
• architecturally wonderful buildings

nursing

nursing [noun]

/ˈnɝː.sɪŋ/

/ˈnɜː.sɪŋ/

Example:

The School of Nursing is still taking applicants.

The job of being a nurse

Persian equivalent:

doctors and health workers generally

Example:

The School of Nursing is still taking applicants.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

nursing

noun (no plural)
the job of being a nurse:
He has decided to go into nursing when he leaves school.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

nursing

nurs‧ing /ˈnɜːsɪŋ $ ˈnɜːr-/ noun [uncountable]
[Word Family: noun: nurse, nursery, nursing; verb: nurse]
the job or skill of looking after people who are ill, injured, or old ⇨ nurse:
   • I’d love to go into nursing.
   • the nursing profession
   • psychiatric nursing

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

nursing

nurs·ing [nursing] [ˈnɜːsɪŋ] [ˈnɜːrsɪŋ] noun uncountable

the job or skill of caring for people who are sick or injured

• a career in nursing

• nursing care

• the nursing profession

Example Bank:

• He is planning to follow a career in nursing.

• My grandmother lives in a nursing home.

• Representatives from the nursing profession will give a talk on their work.

nurse

nurse [nurse nurses nursed nursing] noun, verb [nɜːs] [nɜːrs]

noun

1. a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people, usually in a hospital

• a qualified/registered nurse

• student nurses

• a male nurse

• a dental nurse (= one who helps a dentist)

• a psychiatric nurse (= one who works in a hospital for people with mental illnesses)

• Nurse Bennett

• Nurse, come quickly!

see also charge nurse, district nurse, practical nurse, registered nurse, staff nurse

2. (also nurse·maid) (old-fashioned) (in the past) a woman or girl whose job was to take care of babies or small children in their own homes

see also nursery nurse, wet nurse

Word Origin:

late Middle English: contraction of earlier nourice, from Old French, from late Latin nutricia, feminine of Latin nutricius ‘(person) that nourishes’, from nutrix, nutric- ‘nurse’, from nutrire ‘nourish’. The verb was originally a contraction of nourish, altered under the influence of the noun.

More About:

gender

Ways of talking about men and women

When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not.The human race

Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean ‘all men and women’. Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people.Jobs

The suffix -ess in names of occupations such as actress, hostess and waitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can use actor or host, (although actress and hostess are still very common) or a neutral word, such as server for waiter and waitress.

Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can use police officer instead of policeman or policewoman, and spokesperson instead of spokesman or spokeswoman. Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both BrE and NAmE.

When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary/nurse/model (NOT man) or a woman/female doctor/barrister/driver. However this is now not usually used unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/woman: ▪ My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor. ◊ ▪ They have a male nanny for their kids. ◊ ▪ a female racing driver Pronouns

He used to be considered to cover both men and women: ▪ Everyone needs to feel he is loved. This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, etc. one of the plural pronouns they, them, and their is often used: ▪ Does everybody know what they want? ◊ ▪ Somebody’s left their coat here. ◊ ▪ I hope nobody’s forgotten to bring their passport with them.

Some people prefer to use he or she, his or her, or him or her in speech and writing: ▪ Everyone knows what’s best for him or herself. He/she or (s)he can also be used in writing: ▪ If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/she can give you more information. (You may find that some writers just use ‘she’.) These uses can seem awkward when they are used a lot. It is better to try to change the sentence, using a plural noun. Instead of saying: ▪ A baby cries when he or she is tired you can say ▪ Babies cry when they are tired.

Example Bank:

• the children's staff nurse

• a dental nurse

• a psychiatric nurse

• a qualified/registered nurse

verb

1. transitive ~ sb to care for sb who is ill/sick or injured

• He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing cancer patients.

• She nursed her daughter back to health.

• She nursed her husband devotedly through his last illness.

2. transitive ~ sth to take care of an injury or illness

• Several weeks after the match, he was still nursing a shoulder injury.

• You'd better go to bed and nurse that cold.

• (figurative) She was nursing her hurt pride.

3. transitive ~ sth (formal) to have a strong feeling or idea in your mind for a long time

Syn: harbour

• to nurse an ambition/a grievance/a grudge

• She had been nursing a secret desire to see him again.

4. transitive ~ sth to give special care or attention to sb/sth

• to nurse tender young plants

• He nursed the car up the steep hill.

5. transitive ~ sb/sth to hold sb/sth carefully in your arms or close to your body

• He sat nursing his cup of coffee.

6. intransitive, transitive (of a woman or female animal) to feed a baby with milk from the breast

Syn: suckle

• a nursing mother

• ~ sb/sth The lioness is still nursing her cubs.

compare breastfeed

7. intransitive (of a baby) to suck milk from its mother's breast

Syn: suckle

Word Origin:

Collocations:

Illnesses

Becoming ill

catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug

get (BrE) ill/(NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

come down with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu

contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS

be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV

develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis

have a heart attack/a stroke

provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction

block/burst/rupture a blood vessel

damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon

Being ill

feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy

be running (BrE) a temperature/(NAmE) a fever

have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(BrE) a high temperature/(NAmE) a fever

suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder

be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover

battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism

Treatments

examine a patient

diagnose a condition/disease/disorder

be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia

prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics

treat sb for cancer/depression/shock

have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer

have/be given an injection/(BrE) a flu jab/(NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray

cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient

prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs

be vaccinated against the flu/(BrE) flu/the measles/(BrE) measles/polio/smallpox

enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease

Example Bank:

• He was nursed back to health by his devoted servant.

• He worked in a hospital for ten years, nursing cancer patients.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

nursing / ˈnɜː.sɪŋ / / ˈnɝː- / noun [ U ]

the job of being a nurse:

She studied nursing at Garfield Hospital.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

nursing

[nɜ͟ː(r)sɪŋ]
N-UNCOUNT
Nursing is the profession of looking after people who are ill.
She had no aptitude for nursing...
Does the nursing staff seem to care?

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

nursing

nursing noun [noncount] : the job of taking care of people who are sick, injured, or old
• She has been employed in nursing for several years now.
• Nursing is difficult work.
• He went to nursing school. [=a school that trains people to be nurses]

information technology

information technology [noun]

/ɪn.fɚˌmeɪ.ʃən tekˈnɑː.lə.dʒi/

/ɪn.fəˌmeɪ.ʃən tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/

Example:

I like studying information technology.

the study or use of computers and electronic systems for storing and using information. Information technology is often simply called IT .

Persian equivalent:

Example:

I like studying information technology.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

computer concepts

Region:

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

information technology

inforˈmation techˌnology noun [uncountable]
(abbreviation IT) the study or use of electronic processes for gathering and storing information and making it available using computers

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

information technology

inforˌmation techˈnology [information technology] noun uncountable (abbr. IT)

the study or use of electronic equipment, especially computers, for storing and analysing information

• Recent advances in information technology have led to important changes in the operation of offices.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

infor ˌ mation tech ˈ nology noun [ U ] ( abbreviation IT )

the science and activity of using computers and other electronic equipment to store and send information

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

information technology
N-UNCOUNT
Information technology is the theory and practice of using computers to store and analyse information.
...the information technology industry.

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

information technology

noun

mathematics

mathematics [noun]

/ˌmæθˈmæt̬.ɪks/

/ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪks/

Example:

A professor of mathematics

The study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them

Persian equivalent:

branches and types of mathematics

Example:

A professor of mathematics

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

A2 (Elementary)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

mathematics

(formal) (British, informal) maths (American, informal) math noun (no plural)
the study of numbers, measurements and shapes:
Maths is my favourite subject.

>> mathematical adjective:
a mathematical problem

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

mathematics

math‧e‧mat‧ics /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks, ˌmæθɪˈmætɪks/ noun [uncountable]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: mathematicus, from Greek, from mathema 'learning, mathematics', from manthanein 'to learn']
the science of numbers and of shapes, including algebra, geometry, and arithmetic

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

mathematics

math·emat·ics [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks] [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks] (formal) (also BrE maths [mæθs] ; [mæθs] ) (also NAmE math [mæθ] ; [mæθ] ) noun

1. uncountable the science of numbers and shapes. Branches of mathematics include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry

• the school mathematics curriculum

2. uncountable + singular or plural verb the process of calculating using numbers

• He worked out the very difficult mathematics in great detail.

Derived Words: mathematical ▪ mathematically

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

mathematics / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪks / / -ˈmæt̬- / noun [ U ] ( UK informal maths , US informal math ) formal

A2 the study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them

→ See also algebra , arithmetic , geometry

mathematical / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪ.k ə l / / -ˈmæt̬- / adjective

a mathematical formula

mathematically / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪ.k ə l.i / / -ˈmæt̬- / adverb

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

mathematics

[mæ̱θəmæ̱tɪks]
1) N-UNCOUNT Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, or shapes.
  Elizabeth studied mathematics and classics.
  ...a professor of mathematics at Boston College.
2) N-UNCOUNT The mathematics of a problem is the calculations that are involved in it.
  Once you understand the mathematics of debt you can work your way out of it.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

mathematics

math·e·mat·ics /ˌmæɵəˈmætɪks/ noun [noncount] : the science of numbers, quantities, and shapes and the relations between them
• Algebra, arithmetic, calculus, geometry, and trigonometry are branches of mathematics.
• She has a degree in mathematics.
• a professor of mathematics
• Mathematics is my favorite subject.
- often used before another noun
• a mathematics teacher
• the mathematics department at the university

engineering

engineering [noun]

/ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪr.ɪŋ/

/ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ/

Example:

He has studied mechanical engineering.

The work of an engineer, or the study of this work

Persian equivalent:

Example:

He has studied mechanical engineering.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

mechanical engineering

Level:

B1 (Intermediate)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

engineering

noun (no plural)
planning and making things like machines, roads or bridges:
She's studying chemical engineering at college.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

engineering

en‧gi‧neer‧ing S3 W3 /ˌendʒəˈnɪərɪŋ, ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ $ -ˈnɪr-/ noun [uncountable]
the work involved in designing and building roads, bridges, machines etc
⇨ civil engineering, genetic engineering

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

engineering

en·gin·eer·ing [engineering] [ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ] [ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ] noun uncountable

1. the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building and control of machines, roads, bridges, electrical equipment, etc

• The bridge is a triumph of modern engineering.

compare reverse engineering

2. (also ˌengineering ˈscience) the study of engineering as a subject

• a degree in engineering

see also chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, genetic engineering, mechanical engineering, social engineering

Example Bank:

• The bridge is a fine piece of engineering.

• The building is a remarkable feat of engineering.

• Train services on Sunday will be restricted because of engineering works.

engineer

en·gin·eer [engineer engineers engineered engineering] noun, verb [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)] [ˌendʒɪˈnɪr]

noun

1. a person whose job involves designing and building engines, machines, roads, bridges, etc.

see also chemical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, lighting engineer, mechanical engineer, software engineer, sound engineer

2. a person who is trained to repair machines and electrical equipment

• They're sending an engineer to fix the phone.

3. a person whose job is to control and repair engines, especially on a ship or an aircraft

• a flight engineer

• the chief engineer on a cruise liner

4. (NAmE) (BrE ˈengine driver) a person whose job is driving a railway/railroad engine

5. a soldier trained to design and build military structures

Word Origin:

Middle English (denoting a designer and constructor of fortifications and weapons; formerly also as ingineer): in early use from Old French engigneor, from medieval Latin ingeniator, from ingeniare ‘contrive, devise’, from Latin ingenium ‘talent, device’, from in- ‘in’ + gignere ‘beget’; in later use from French ingénieur or Italian ingegnere, also based on Latin ingenium, with the ending influenced by -eer.

Example Bank:

• We were on the phone with a technical support engineer.

• You need the advice of a qualified engineer.

• engineers who designed and built advanced military aircraft

• a chemical/civil/electrical/mechanical engineer

verb

1. ~ sth (often disapproving) to arrange for sth to happen or take place, especially when this is done secretly in order to give yourself an advantage

Syn: contrive

• She engineered a further meeting with him.

2. usually passive ~ sth to design and build sth

• The car is beautifully engineered and a pleasure to drive.

3. ~ sth to change the genetic structure of sth

Syn: genetically modify

• genetically engineered crops

Word Origin:

Example Bank:

• She carefully engineered a meeting with the chairman.

• The car is superbly engineered and a pleasure to drive.

• This heavier-weight paper is specifically engineered for inkjet printing.

• genetically engineered organisms

• genetically engineered plants

• He had no idea that his downfall had been engineered by his deputy.

• The firm effectively engineered its own takeover.

• They've designed/engineered a new car.

• the men who engineered the tunnel

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

engineering / ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ / / -ˈnɪr.ɪŋ / noun [ U ]

B1 the work of an engineer, or the study of this work:

German/British engineering

Richard studied engineering at Manchester University.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

engineering

[e̱nʤɪnɪ͟ərɪŋ]

N-UNCOUNT
Engineering is the work involved in designing and constructing engines and machinery, or structures such as roads and bridges. Engineering is also the subject studied by people who want to do this work.
→ See also chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, genetic engineering
...the design and engineering of aircraft and space vehicles.
...graduates with degrees in engineering.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

engineering

noun (no plural)
planning and making things like machines, roads or bridges:
She's studying chemical engineering at college.

education

education [noun]

/ˌedʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌedʒ.uˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Example:

Adult education

The process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this

Persian equivalent:

Example:

Adult education

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

education

noun (no plural)
teaching somebody at a school or college:
He had a good education.
Education is extremely important.

>> educational adjective:
an educational video

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

education

ed‧u‧ca‧tion S1 W1 /ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃən $ ˌedʒə-/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: noun: education, educationalist, educationist, educator; adjective: educated ≠ uneducated, educational, educable ≠ ineducable, educative; verb: educate; adverb: educationally]
1. [singular, uncountable] the process of teaching and learning, usually at school, college, or university:
She also hopes her children will get a good education.
efforts to improve girls’ access to education ⇨ formal education at formal1(6)
2. [uncountable] the teaching of a particular subject
health/sex education
3. [uncountable] the institutions and people involved with teaching:
the local education authority
4. [singular] an interesting experience which has taught you something – often used humorously:
Having Jimmy to stay has been quite an education!
⇨ adult education, further education, higher education
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + education
▪ a good education All parents want a good education for their children.
▪ a poor education (=not very good) She had a poor education, and left school without qualifications.
▪ an all-round education (=including a balance of lots of different subjects) The school offers a good all-round education.
▪ full-time education (=spending every weekday in a school or college) Children must stay in full-time education until the age of 16.
▪ state education British English, public education American English (=provided by the government of a country) The state of California guarantees free public education to all children.
▪ private education (=that people have to pay for) I don't agree with the principle of private education.
▪ formal education (=from teachers at school or college, rather than learning by yourself) She had no formal education and was brought up by her grandmother.
▪ primary (school) education British English, elementary education American English (=for children aged between 5 and 11) The government has announced plans to improve the quality of primary school education.
▪ secondary education (also high school education American English) (=for children aged between 11 and 18) She hopes to start a teaching career in secondary education.
▪ university/college education Do you have a university education?
▪ further/higher education (=at a college or university) I did a carpentry course at the further education college.
▪ adult education (=for adults) They run adult education classes at the local community college.
▪ vocational education (=relating to skills needed for a particular job) We offer vocational education and job training.
▪ nursery/pre-school education (=for children aged under 5) The funding will provide nursery education for all four-year-olds.
■ verbs
▪ have an education The women have had little education.
▪ get/receive an education Some children grow up without receiving any education.
▪ give/provide an education The school aims to provide a good general education.
▪ enter education (=start going to school, college etc) The number of students entering higher education has risen.
▪ leave education British English (=stop going to school, college etc) She left full-time education at the age of 16.
▪ continue your education I hope to continue my education after high school.
■ education + NOUN
▪ the education system (=the way education is organized and managed in a country) Is the British education system failing some children?
▪ the education department (=the government organization that makes decisions about education) Newcastle City Council’s education department
▪ an education authority (=a government organization that makes official decisions about education in one particular area) The school is funded by the local education authority.
▪ the education service (=all the government organizations that work together to provide education) There are plans to expand the adult education service.
▪ education policy (=political plans for managing an education system) The teaching unions are calling for the government to review its education policy.
▪ education reform (=changes that a government makes to the education system in a country) the government’s programme of education reform

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

education

edu·ca·tion [education educations] [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] noun
1. uncountable, singular a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills
• primary/elementary education
• secondary education
• further/higher/post-secondary education
• students in full-time education
• adult education classes
• a college/university education
• the state education system
• a man of little education

• She completed her formal education in 1995.

2. uncountable, singular a particular kind of teaching or training
• health education
• an alcohol education programme (= to warn of the dangers of alcohol)

• Patient education is important to minimize the risk of a second heart attack.

3. (also Education) uncountable the institutions or people involved in teaching and training
• the Education Department
• the Department of Health, Education and Welfare

• There should be closer links between education and industry.

4. (usually Education) uncountable the subject of study that deals with how to teach
• a College of Education
• a Bachelor of Education degree

• She's an education major.

5. singular (often humorous) an interesting experience that teaches you sth
• The rock concert was quite an education for my parents!
Word Origin:
mid 16th cent.: from Latin educatio(n-), from the verb educare, related to educere ‘lead out’, from e- (variant of ex-) ‘out’ + ducere ‘to lead’.
Thesaurus:
education noun U, sing.
• He had little formal education.
teaching • • training • • learning • • study • |BrE coaching • |especially AmE tutoring • |formal schooling • • instruction • • tuition •
education/teaching/training/coaching/tutoring/schooling/instruction/tuition in sth
public/state education/schooling
private education/teaching/study/coaching/tutoring/schooling/tuition
have/get/receive (an) education/training/coaching/tutoring/instruction/tuition
Collocations:
Education
Learning
acquire/get/lack (an) education/training/(BrE) (some) qualifications
receive/provide sb with training/tuition
develop/design/plan a curriculum/(especially BrE) course/(NAmE) program/syllabus
give/go to/attend a class/lesson/lecture/seminar
hold/run/conduct a class/seminar/workshop
sign up for/take a course/classes/lessons
School
go to/start preschool/kindergarten/nursery school
be in the first, second, etc. (NAmE) grade/(especially BrE) year (at school)
study/take/drop history/chemistry/German, etc.
(BrE) leave/finish/drop out of/ (NAmE) quit school
(NAmE) graduate high school/college
Problems at school
be the victim/target of bullying
(BrE) play truant from/ (both BrE, informal) bunk off/skive off school (= not go to school when you should)
(both especially NAmE) skip/cut class/school
(BrE) cheat in/(NAmE) cheat on an exam/a test
get/be given a detention (for doing sth)
be expelled from/be suspended from school
Work and exams
do your homework/(BrE) revision/a project on sth
work on/write/do/submit an essay/a dissertation/a thesis/an assignment/(NAmE) a paper
finish/complete your dissertation/thesis/studies/coursework
hand in/ (NAmE) turn in your homework/essay/assignment/paper
study/prepare/ (BrE) revise/ (NAmE) review/ (NAmE, informal) cram for a test/an exam
take/ (both BrE) do/sit a test/an exam
(especially BrE) mark/ (especially NAmE) grade homework/a test
(BrE) do well in/ (NAmE) do well on/ (informal, especially NAmE) ace a test/an exam
pass/fail/ (informal, especially NAmE) flunk a test/an exam/a class/a course/a subject
University
apply to/get into/go to/start college/(BrE) university
leave/graduate from law school/college/(BrE) university (with a degree in computer science)
study for/take/ (BrE) do/complete a law degree/a degree in physics
(both NAmE) major/minor in biology/philosophy
earn/receive/be awarded/get/have/hold a master's degree/a bachelor's degree/a PhD in economics
Example Bank:
• 41% had some post-secondary education.
• Although he had had little formal education, he could read and write well.
• He received a classical education.
• He was at a disadvantage because of the poor education he had received.
• He went to America to complete his education.
• He'd received an excellent general education in Poland.
• How well a child does at school is influenced by the level of parental education.
• Many people lack the education and training that is needed for these jobs.
• Nigeria committed itself to universal primary education.
• No one is denied an education because they are poor in this country.
• Researchers have found that single-sex education may benefit girls.
• She brought up two children while pursuing a college education.
• She went to college to continue her education.
• Technology allows distance education to occur at all levels.
• The council has launched a new health education campaign.
• The project seeks to improve education for students.
• The school provides an excellent all-round education.
• There are additional education requirements for nurses on this course.
• They set up an account to fund their daughter's education.
• They want to broaden their research and education activities.
• We acquire much of our world knowledge through education.
• We need to invest in the higher education sector.
• a college of further education
• a policy that has been adopted by the entire education community
• adult education courses
• children in early education settings
• education about danger on the roads
• efforts to improve education standards
• funds provided by the local education authority
• parents who choose private education for their children
• students entering higher education
• the party's policy on comprehensive education
• young people who are just leaving full-time education
• Education about HIV and other preventable diseases needs to improve.
• Elementary education is excellent in this area.
• Every child in the country needs to be provided with a first-class education.
• He had little formal education.
• In those days it was very difficult for poorer people to get a university education.
• It is only through education that prejudice can be overcome.
• Only about 40% of girls in the poorer areas of the country have access to primary education.
• Parents are beginning to wake up to the importance of pre-school education.
• Sex education in schools needs to be improved.
• The government is planning major reforms in the education system.
• There needs to be more money going into state education.
• We have a thriving continuing education department.
• Where did he go to for his secondary education?

• Will she go on to higher education?

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

education / ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n / noun [ S or U ]

B1 the process of teaching or learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this:

As a child he received most of his education at home.

It's a country which places great importance on education.

She lectures in education (= the study of education) at the teacher training college.

It's important for children to get a good education.

Word partners for education

get / have / receive an education • a good education • be in education • an education authority / service / system

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

education

[e̱ʤʊke͟ɪʃ(ə)n]
♦♦
educations
1) N-VAR Education involves teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college, or being taught.
  They're cutting funds for education...
  Paul prolonged his education with six years of advanced study in English.
  ...a man with little education.
2) N-UNCOUNT: usu with supp Education of a particular kind involves teaching the public about a particular issue.
  ...better health education.
3) → See also adult education, further education, higher education

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

education

ed·u·ca·tion /ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən/ noun, pl -tions
1 a [noncount] : the action or process of teaching someone especially in a school, college, or university
• The school is devoted to the education of children with reading difficulties.
- see also adult education, higher education, physical education
b : the knowledge, skill, and understanding that you get from attending a school, college, or university

[count]

• a college education
• She received her education at private schools.
• The applicants had comparable educations.

[noncount]

• He had little formal education. [=schooling]
2 [noncount] : a field of study that deals with the methods and problems of teaching
• She earned her master's degree in education.
• a school of education

psychology

psychology [noun]

/saɪˈkɑː.lə.dʒi/

/saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/

Example:

An expert in psychology

The study of the mind and how it affects behaviour

Persian equivalent:

science of psychology and psychoanalysis

Example:

An expert in psychology

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

psychology

noun (no plural)
the study of the mind and how it works

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

psychology

psy‧chol‧o‧gy W3 AC /saɪˈkɒlədʒi $ -ˈkɑː-/ noun (plural psychologies)
[Word Family: noun: psychology, psychologist; adverb: psychologically; adjective: psychological]
1. [uncountable] the study of the mind and how it influences people’s behaviour
  educational/social etc psychology
   • experts in the field of developmental psychology
2. [uncountable] the mental processes involved in believing in something or doing a certain activity
  psychology of
   • research into the psychology of racism
3. [uncountable and countable] what someone thinks or believes, and how this affects what they do:
   • the psychology of three-year-olds
   • mob psychology
   • You have to use psychology to get people to stop smoking.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

psychology

psych·ology AW [psychology psychologies] [saɪˈkɒlədʒi] [saɪˈkɑːlədʒi] noun

1. uncountable the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour

• social/educational/child psychology

compare pop psychology

2. singular the kind of mind that sb has that makes them think or behave in a particular way

• the psychology of small boys

3. singular how the mind influences behaviour in a particular area of life

• the psychology of interpersonal relationships

Word Origin:

late 17th cent.: from modern Latin psychologia (see psycho-, -logy).

Example Bank:

• The answers we give will reflect our own psychology.

• Watching the shoppers at the sales gave her a first-hand insight into crowd psychology.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

psychology

psychology /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/ US /-ˈkɑː.lə-/
noun [U]
the scientific study of the way the human mind works and how it influences behaviour, or the influence of a particular person's character on their behaviour:
She studied psychology at Harvard.
a lecturer in psychology
child psychology
the psychology of the soldier
Compare psychiatry.

psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ US /-kəˈlɑː.dʒɪ-/
adjective
1 relating to the human mind and feelings:
psychological problems
He claims that the constant aircraft noise has a bad psychological effect on the residents.
We are concerned with the physical and psychological well-being of our employees.

2 (of an illness or other physical problem) caused by anxiety or sadness:
I suspect his headaches are purely psychological.

3 [before noun] describes a film or book in which there is a lot of attention given to the way people influence each other's behaviour:
a psychological thriller

psychologically /ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kli/ US /-kəˈlɑː.dʒɪ-/
adverb
psychologically disturbed

psychologist /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ US /-ˈ
noun [C]
someone who studies the human mind and human emotions and behaviour, and how different situations have an effect on them:
a child psychologist
an educational psychologist
She spent 15 years as a clinical psychologist with the Northumberland Health Authority.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

psychology

[saɪkɒ̱ləʤi]
1) N-UNCOUNT Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and the reasons for people's behaviour.
...Professor of Psychology at Bedford College.
2) N-UNCOUNT: usu N of n The psychology of a person is the kind of mind that they have, which makes them think or behave in the way that they do.
...a fascination with the psychology of murderers.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

psychology

psy·chol·o·gy /saɪˈkɑːləʤi/ noun, pl -gies
1 [noncount] : the science or study of the mind and behavior
• She studied psychology in college.
2 : the way a person or group thinks

[noncount]

• the psychology of an athlete
• mob psychology
• the psychology of crowd behavior

[count]

• We need to understand the psychologies of the two people involved in the incident.

- see also reverse psychology

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

psychology

noun

medicine

/ˈmed.ɪ.sən/

Example:

doctor of medicine

Persian equivalent: