American English

justice

justice [noun] (FAIRNESS)

fairness in the way people are dealt with

/ˈdʒʌs.tɪs/

Example:

There's no justice in the world when people can be made to suffer like that.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

justice

noun (no plural)

1 treatment of people in a fair way:
the struggle for justice
opposite injustice

2 the law:
the criminal justice system

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

justice

jus‧tice W2 /ˈdʒʌstəs, ˈdʒʌstɪs/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin justitia, from justus; ⇨ ↑just²]
1. SYSTEM OF JUDGEMENT [uncountable] the system by which people are judged in courts of law and criminals are punished:
a book on the criminal justice system
The killers will be brought to justice (=caught and punished).
Acts of terrorism must not escape justice. ⇨ ↑miscarriage of justice
2. FAIRNESS [uncountable] fairness in the way people are treated OPP injustice:
Children have a strong sense of justice.
His people came to him demanding justice. ⇨ ↑poetic justice
3. BEING RIGHT [uncountable] the quality of being right and deserving fair treatment:
No one doubts the justice of our cause.
4. do justice to somebody/something (also do somebody/something justice) to treat or represent someone or something good, beautiful etc in a way that is as good as they deserve:
The photo doesn’t do her justice.
No words can do justice to the experience.
5. do yourself justice to do something such as a test well enough to show your real ability:
Sara panicked in the exam and didn’t do herself justice.
6. justice has been done/served used to say that someone has been treated fairly or has been given a punishment they deserve
7. JUDGE [countable] (also Justice)
a) American English a judge in a law court
b) British English the title of a judge in the High Court
⇨ rough justice at ↑rough¹(16)

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

justice

just·ice [justice justices] [ˈdʒʌstɪs] [ˈdʒʌstɪs] noun
1. uncountable the fair treatment of people
• laws based on the principles of justice
• They are demanding equal rights and justice.
Opp: injustice

see also poetic justice, rough justice

2. uncountable the quality of being fair or reasonable
• Who can deny the justice of their cause?
• He demanded, not without justice, that he should be allowed to express his views.

Opp: injustice

3. uncountable the legal system used to punish people who have committed crimes
• the criminal justice system
• The European Court of Justice
• (BrE) They were accused of attempting to pervert the course of justice.
• (NAmE) They were accused of attempting to obstruct justice.

see also miscarriage of justice

4. (also Just·ice) countable (NAmE) a judge in a court (also used before the name of a judge)

see also chief justice

5. Just·ice countable (BrE, CanE) used before the name of a judge in a court of appeal
• Mr Justice Davies
more at pervert the course of justice at pervert _v.
Idioms: bring somebody to justice ▪ do justice to somebody do somebody justice ▪ do yourself justice
Word Origin:
late Old English iustise ‘administration of the law’, via Old French from Latin justitia, from justus, from jus ‘law, right’.
Culture:
the legal system
In Britain, for historical reasons, the system of law used in Scotland is different from that in England and Wales, with the law in Northern Ireland similar to that in England. When making decisions Scottish courts look for an appropriate general principle and apply it to a particular situation. English law relies on case law, a collection of previous decisions, called precedents. English courts look at precedents for the case being tried and make a similar judgement. A basic principle of law in Britain is that anyone accused is innocent until proven guilty, so it is the job of the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant (= the person accused) has broken the law as stated in the charge. If this cannot be proved the person must be acquitted (= allowed to go free, with no blame attached).
British law is divided into civil law which concerns disagreements between individuals about matters such as business contracts, and criminal law which deals with offences that involve harm to a person resulting from somebody breaking the law. In civil cases, the plaintiff (= the person who claims to have been wronged) brings an action against the defendant in the hope of winning damages (= a financial payment) or an injunction (= a court order preventing the defendant from doing something). Criminal cases are brought against criminals by the state, in England and Wales by the Director of Public Prosecutions and in Scotland through procurators fiscal.
In England and Wales most towns have a Magistrates' Court where minor cases are judged and more serious cases are passed to higher courts by three magistrates called Justices of the Peace, specially trained members of the public. The more serious cases are heard in a Crown Court by a judge and a jury. Minor civil cases, such as divorce and bankruptcy, are heard in the county courts and more serious ones in the High Court of Justice. Appeals against decisions from the Crown Court or the High Court go to the Court of Appeal and a few cases, where a question of law is in doubt, are passed to the House of Lords.
In Scotland, criminal cases are heard in District Courts by members of the public called lay justices. More serious cases go to regional sheriff courts and are heard by the sheriff and a jury. Appeals go to the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh. Civil cases begin in the sheriff court and may go on appeal to the Court of Session.
In the US, the judicial system is one of the three branches of the federal government, but the legal system operates at many levels with state, county and city courts as well as federal courts. The right to trial by jury is provided by the Constitution. Each type of court has its own jurisdiction, that is it deals with certain kinds of cases. Both civil and criminal cases are first heard in trial courts and there is a right to appeal against the court’s decision in a court of appeals. Many states have family courts where people get divorced and small claims courts which deal with small amounts of money. States also have trial courts, which hear a wider range of cases, and courts of appeal called superior courts or district courts. Most states have a supreme court where the most serious appeals are held. States have their own criminal code, but some crimes are federal offences, i.e. against federal law, and crimes may fall under federal jurisdiction if more than one state is involved.
Most courts have only one judge, but some higher courts have several. In the US Supreme Court, the nine judges are called justices. The people on either side of a case are represented by lawyers, also called attorneys-at-law. In a criminal trial the defendant is represented by a defense attorney, or if he or she is too poor to pay a lawyer, the court will appoint a public defender. The prosecution is led by an assistant district attorney or, in federal cases, by a federal attorney.
Thesaurus:
justice noun U
• Our laws must be based on principles of justice.
fairness • • fair play • • equality • |formal equity •
Opp: injustice
justice/fairness/fair play/equality/equity for sb
social/economic justice/fairness/equality/equity
ensure justice/fairness/fair play/equality/equity
guarantee justice/fairness/equality/equity
Collocations:
Criminal justice
Breaking the law
break/violate/obey/uphold the law
be investigated/arrested/tried for a crime/a robbery/fraud
be arrested/ (especially NAmE) indicted/convicted on charges of rape/fraud/(especially US) felony charges
be arrested on suspicion of arson/robbery/shoplifting
be accused of/be charged with murder/(especially NAmE) homicide/four counts of fraud
face two charges of indecent assault
admit your guilt/liability/responsibility (for sth)
deny the allegations/claims/charges
confess to a crime
grant/be refused/be released on/skip/jump bail
The legal process
stand/await/bring sb to/come to/be on trial
take sb to/come to/settle sth out of court
face/avoid/escape prosecution
seek/retain/have the right to/be denied access to legal counsel
hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing/trial
sit on/influence/persuade/convince the jury
sit/stand/appear/be put/place sb in the dock
plead guilty/not guilty to a crime
be called to/enter (BrE) the witness box
take/put sb on the stand/(NAmE) the witness stand
call/subpoena/question/cross-examine a witness
give/hear the evidence against/on behalf of sb
raise/withdraw/overrule an objection
reach a unanimous/majority verdict
return/deliver/record a verdict of not guilty/unlawful killing/accidental death
convict/acquit the defendant of the crime
secure a conviction/your acquittal
lodge/file an appeal
appeal (against)/challenge/uphold/overturn a conviction/verdict
Sentencing and punishment
pass sentence on sb
carry/face/serve a seven-year/life sentence
receive/be given the death penalty
be sentenced to ten years (in prison/jail)
carry/impose/pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)
be imprisoned/jailed for drug possession/fraud/murder
do/serve time/ten years
be sent to/put sb in/be released from jail/prison
be/put sb/spend X years on death row
be granted/be denied/break (your) parole
more collocations at crime
Example Bank:
• Civilians were not subject to summary justice.
• He saw it as rough justice when he got food poisoning from the stolen meat.
• He spent twenty years in prison as a result of a miscarriage of justice.
• Justice must be done in every case.
• Maybe there's a sort of poetic justice to it.
• Restorative justice can only work when all parties agree.
• She was charged with perverting the course of justice after admitting to burning vital evidence.
• So far the robbers have escaped justice.
• Some people saw the epidemic as divine justice.
• Somebody out there needs to make sure justice is served.
• The teacher's system of punishments appealed to the children's sense of justice.
• They saw the reform proposals as a way to promote social justice.
• They were accused of attempting to obstruct justice.
• They were accused of attempting to pervert the course of justice.
• We have been denied justice for too long.
• the battle for Taylor to face justice before the High Court
• the deadliest episode of vigilante justice in American history
• those who are ultimately responsible for dispensing justice
• victims seeking retributive justice
• Children often have a highly developed sense of justice.
• Our laws must be based on the principles of justice.
• Sometimes I feel that there's no justice in the world.
• They're demanding equal rights and social justice.

• We will not get social order until we have economic justice.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

justice / ˈdʒʌs.tɪs / noun [ U ] (FAIRNESS)

B2 fairness in the way people are dealt with:

There's no justice in the world when people can be made to suffer like that.

The winner has been disqualified for cheating, so justice has been done (= a fair situation has been achieved) .

→ Opposite injustice

justice / ˈdʒʌs.tɪs / noun [ U ] (LAW)

B2 the system of laws in a country that judges and punishes people:

the justice system in this country consists of a series of law courts at different levels.

The police are doing all they can to bring those responsible for the bombing to justice.

They are victims of a miscarriage of justice (= when the law has been carried out wrongly) .

He has been accused of obstructing the course of justice (= preventing the law being put into action) .

justice / ˈdʒʌs.tɪs / noun (JUDGE)

[ C ] US a judge in a law court:

The president is expected to name a new Supreme Court justice within the next few days.

Justice Ben Overton

[ C ] UK used before the name of a judge in the High Court:

Mr Justice Ellis

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

justice

[ʤʌ̱stɪs]
♦♦
justices
1) N-UNCOUNT Justice is fairness in the way that people are treated.
  He has a good overall sense of justice and fairness...
  He only wants freedom, justice and equality...
  There is no justice in this world!
2) N-UNCOUNT The justice of a cause, claim, or argument is its quality of being reasonable, fair, or right.
  We are a minority and must win people round to the justice of our cause.
  Syn:
  legitimacy
3) N-UNCOUNT: oft N n Justice is the legal system that a country uses in order to deal with people who break the law.
  Many in Toronto's black community feel that the justice system does not treat them fairly...
  A lawyer is part of the machinery of justice.
4) N-COUNT A justice is a judge. [AM]
  Thomas will be sworn in today as a justice on the Supreme Court.
5) N-TITLE Justice is used before the names of judges.
  A preliminary hearing was due to start today before Mr Justice Hutchison, but was adjourned.
6) → See also miscarriage of justice
7) PHRASE: V inflects If a criminal is brought to justice, he or she is punished for a crime by being arrested and tried in a court of law.
  They demanded that those responsible be brought to justice...
  She'd need proof to bring Jason to justice.
8) PHRASE: V inflects To do justice to a person or thing means to reproduce them accurately and show how good they are.
  The photograph I had seen didn't do her justice...
  Most TV sets don't have the sound quality to do justice to the music.
9) PHRASE: V inflects, usu PHR to n If you do justice to someone or something, you deal with them properly and completely.
  No one article can ever do justice to the topic of fraud...
  It is impossible here to do justice to the complex history of the Legion.
10) PHRASE: V inflects If you do yourself justice, you do something as well as you are capable of doing it.
  I don't think he could do himself justice playing for England...
  I don't think I can win, but I want to do myself justice.
11) PHRASE If you describe someone's treatment or punishment as rough justice, you mean that it is not given according to the law. [BRIT]
  Trial by television makes for very rough justice indeed.
12) PHRASE: v-link PHR If you say that something is rough justice for someone, you mean that they have not been treated fairly. [BRIT]
  It would have been rough justice had he been deprived of this important third European win.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

justice

jus·tice /ˈʤʌstəs/ noun, pl -tic·es
1 [noncount] : the process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and criminals
• They received justice in court.
• the justice system
• the U.S. Department of Justice
• criminals attempting to escape justice
• The role of the courts is to dispense justice fairly to everyone.
• Many people do not believe that justice has been served/done in his case. [=that he has been given proper punishment or fair treatment by the legal system]
• His supporters claim that he is an innocent man and that his conviction was a miscarriage of justice. [=an error made in a court of law that results in an innocent person being punished or a guilty person being freed]
✦Someone who is brought to justice is arrested and punished for a crime in a court of law.
• The police couldn't bring the killer to justice.
- see also poetic justice
2 a [count] US : a judge in a court of law
• She is a justice of the state supreme court.
- see also chief justice
b Justice
- used as a title for a judge (such as a judge of the U.S. Supreme Court)
• Justice Marshall
3 [noncount]
a : the quality of being fair or just
• a sense of justice
• I saw no justice in the court's decision.
b : fair treatment
• We should strive to achieve justice for all people.
do justice
✦To do justice to something or someone or to do someone or something justice is to treat or show something or someone in a way that is as good as it should be.
• Words could never do justice to her beauty. [=could not adequately describe her beauty]
• The movie does not do justice to the book. = The movie does not do the book justice. [=the movie is not as good as the book]
• a brief summary that does not do justice to [=does not adequately show] the complexity of this issue
obstruction of justice
- see obstruction
pervert the course of justice
- see ¹pervert

American English

British English

justice and fairness

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

noun

virtue

virtue [noun] (GOOD MORALS)

a good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of being morally good

/ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

/ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

Example:

Patience is a virtue.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

virtue

noun
behaviour that shows high moral standards; a good quality or habit:
a life of virtue
He has many virtues.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

virtue

vir‧tue W3 /ˈvɜːtʃuː $ ˈvɜːr-/ BrE AmE noun
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French; Origin: virtu, from Latin virtus 'strength, virtue', from vir 'man']
1. [uncountable] formal moral goodness of character and behaviour OPP vice:
Women have often been used as symbols of virtue.
2. [countable] a particular good quality in someone’s character OPP vice:
Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness.
3. [uncountable and countable] an advantage that makes something better or more useful than something else
virtue of
Adam Smith believed in the virtues of free trade.
Wilkins is now extolling (=praising very much) the virtues of organic farming.
4. by virtue of something formal by means of, or as a result of something:
She became a British resident by virtue of her marriage.
5. make a virtue of something to get an advantage from a situation that you cannot change, usually a bad one:
She made a virtue of her acting limitations by joking about them.
6. make a virtue of necessity to get an advantage from doing something that you have to do, or to pretend that you are doing it willingly
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ advantage a good feature that something has, which makes it better, more useful etc than other things: The great advantage of digital cameras is that there is no film to process.
▪ benefit a feature of something that has a good effect on people’s lives: Regular exercise has many benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease.
▪ merit a good feature that something has, which you consider when you are deciding whether it is the best choice: The committee will consider the merits of the proposals. | The merits and demerits of (=the good and bad features of)alternative funding systems were widely discussed in the newspapers. | The chairman saw no great merit in this suggestion (=he did not think that it was a good idea).
▪ virtue an advantage that makes you believe that something is a good thing: They believed in the virtues of culture, civilization, and reason. | He’s always extolling the virtues of hard work (=saying that hard work is a good thing).
▪ the good/great/best thing about something especially spoken used when mentioning a good feature of something. This phrase is rather informal and you should not use it in formal essays: The good thing about cycling is that you don’t have to worry about getting stuck in a traffic jam.
▪ the beauty of something is that used when you want to emphasize that something has a very good or useful feature: The beauty of the plan is that it is so simple.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

virtue

vir·tue [virtue virtues] [ˈvɜːtʃuː] [ˈvɜːrtʃuː] noun
1. uncountable (formal) behaviour or attitudes that show high moral standards
• He led a life of virtue.

• She was certainly no paragon of virtue!

2. countable a particular good quality or habit
• Patience is not one of her virtues, I'm afraid.

• As a politician, he always emphasized the virtues of compromise and conciliation.

3. countable, uncountable an attractive or useful quality
Syn: advantage
• The plan has the virtue of simplicity.
• He was extolling the virtues of the Internet.
• They could see no virtue in discussing it further.
more at of easy virtue at easy _adj.
Idioms: by virtue of something ▪ make a virtue of necessity ▪ virtue is its own reward
Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French vertu, from Latin virtus ‘valour, merit, moral perfection’, from vir ‘man’.
Example Bank:
• He taught his children to practise/practice the virtues of temperance and chastity.
• He understands the traditional virtue of hard work.
• Her book has the cardinal virtue of simplicity.
• It would have taken a paragon of virtue not to feel jealous.
• Philippe embodies the French virtues of charm and grace.
• She has just one, negative virtue— she never tells lies.
• She was seen as a paragon of domestic virtue.
• The brochure makes a positive virtue of the island's isolated position.
• There is no inherent virtue in having read all the latest books.
• There is, of course. no inherent virtue in moderation.
• a story celebrating the virtues of democracy
• the theological virtues of faith, hope and charity
• women of easy virtue
• He was certainly no paragon of virtue!
• He was convinced of the inherent virtue of hard work.
• He was going on about the virtues of the Internet.
• She led a life of moral virtue.

• a woman of easy virtue

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

virtue / ˈvɜː.tjuː / / ˈvɝː- / noun [ C or U ] (GOOD MORALS)

C2 a good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of being morally good:

Patience is a virtue.

→ Compare vice noun (FAULT)

virtue / ˈvɜː.tjuː / / ˈvɝː- / noun [ C or U ] (ADVANTAGE)

C2 an advantage or good thing:

It always looks odd to see an actress on TV extolling (= praising) the virtues of washing-up liquid.

Would there be any virtue in taking an earlier train?

virtue / ˈvɜː.tjuː / / ˈvɝː- / noun (BECAUSE OF)

by virtue of C2 formal because of; as a result of:

She succeeded by virtue of her tenacity rather than her talent.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

virtue

[vɜ͟ː(r)tʃuː]
virtues
1) N-UNCOUNT Virtue is thinking and doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong.
  Virtue is not confined to the Christian world...
  She could have established her own innocence and virtue easily enough.
  Syn:
  goodness
  Ant:
  vice
2) N-COUNT A virtue is a good quality or way of behaving.
  His virtue is patience...
  Her flaws were as large as her virtues...
  Humility is considered a virtue.
3) N-COUNT The virtue of something is an advantage or benefit that it has, especially in comparison with something else.
  There was no virtue in returning to Calvi the way I had come...
  It's other great virtue, of course, is its hard-wearing quality.
  Syn:
  advantage
4) PHR-PREP You use by virtue of to explain why something happens or is true. [FORMAL]
  The article stuck in my mind by virtue of one detail...
  Mr Olaechea has British residency by virtue of his marriage.
  Syn:
  because of
5) PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n If you make a virtue of something, you pretend that you did it because you chose to, although in fact you did it because you had to.
  The movie makes a virtue out of its economy.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

virtue

vir·tue /ˈvɚʧu/ noun, pl -tues
1 [noncount] : morally good behavior or character
• I urge you all to lead lives of virtue. [=to live virtuously]
• She says that virtue is its own reward. [=that if you do good things, you do not need to be rewarded with money, fame, etc.]
• His supporters regard him as a model/paragon of virtue. [=as a person who has no moral faults]
2 [count] : a good and moral quality
• Patience is a virtue.
3 [noncount] : the good result that comes from something
• Her parents taught her the virtue of hard work. [=that hard work is important and valuable]
4 [count] : an advantage or benefit
• The restaurant is inexpensive, and it has the added virtue of being close to our house.
• One of the virtues of this job is the flexible hours.
by virtue of : because of (something)
• She has the right to participate by virtue of her status as a former employee.
make a virtue (out) of necessity : to benefit from something that you are forced to do
• When he lost his driver's license, he made a virtue out of necessity and got in shape by riding his bike to work.

American English

British English

virtue and moral good

C1 (Advanced)

noun

dairy

dairy [adjective]

used to refer to cows that are used for producing milk, rather than meat, or to foods that are made from milk, such as cream, butter, and cheese

/ˈder.i/

/ˈdeə.ri/

Example:

dairy products

Oxford Essential Dictionary

dairy

noun (plural dairies)

spelling
Be careful! Don't confuse dairy and diary. You spell dairy with AI.

a place where milk is kept or where milk products like butter and cheese are made

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

dairy

dai‧ry /ˈdeəri $ ˈderi/ BrE AmE noun (plural dairies) [countable]
[Date: 1200-1300; Origin: dey 'female servant (in a dairy)' (10-19 centuries), from Old English dæge 'maker of bread']
1. a place on a farm where milk is kept and butter and cheese are made
2. a company which sells milk and sometimes makes other things from milk, such as cheese
3. dairy products/produce milk, butter, cheese etc

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

adjective only before noun
1. made from milk

• dairy products/produce

2. connected with the production of milk rather than meat
• the dairy industry
• dairy cattle/farmers
• a dairy cow/farm
Word Origin:

Middle English deierie, from deie ‘dairymaid’ (in Old English dǣge ‘female servant’), of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse deigja, also to dough and to the second element of Old English hlǣfdige (see lady).

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

dairy / ˈdeə.ri / / ˈder.i / adjective

B2 used to refer to cows that are used for producing milk, rather than meat, or to foods that are made from milk, such as cream, butter, and cheese:

dairy cattle

dairy farmers

dairy products

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

dairy

[de͟əri]
dairies
1) N-COUNT A dairy is a shop or company that sells milk and food made from milk, such as butter, cream, and cheese.
2) N-COUNT On a farm, the dairy is the building where milk is kept or where cream, butter, and cheese are made.
3) ADJ: ADJ n Dairy is used to refer to foods such as butter and cheese that are made from milk.
  ...dairy produce.
  ...vitamins found in eggs, meat and dairy products.
4) ADJ: ADJ n Dairy is used to refer to the use of cattle to produce milk rather than meat.
  ...a small vegetable and dairy farm.
  ...the feeding of dairy cows.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

dairy

²dairy adj always used before a noun
1 : made from milk
• dairy products/foods such as cheese and ice cream : relating to foods made from milk
• You'll find yogurt in the dairy section of the grocery store.
2 : of or relating to a type of farming that deals with the production of milk and foods made from milk
• dairy farms/farmers
• dairy cows/cattle [=cows that are raised to produce milk]
• the dairy industry

American English

British English

cattle and similar animals

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

adjective

product

product [noun] (THING MADE)

something that is made to be sold, usually something that is produced by an industrial process or, less commonly, something that is grown or obtained through farming

/ˈprɑː.dʌkt/

/ˈprɒd.ʌkt/

Example:

I'm trying to cut down on dairy products.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

product

noun
something that people make or grow to sell:
The company has just launched a new product.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

product

prod‧uct S1 W1 /ˈprɒdʌkt $ ˈprɑː-/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: noun: ↑produce, ↑producer, ↑product, ↑production, ↑reproduction, ↑productivity; adjective: ↑productive ≠ ↑unproductive, ↑counterproductive, ↑reproductive, ↑reproducible; verb: ↑produce, ↑reproduce; adverb: ↑productively]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: productum, from the past participle of producere; ⇨ ↑produce¹]
1. [uncountable and countable] something that is grown or made in a factory in large quantities, usually in order to be sold
agricultural/dairy/software etc products
consumer products such as VCRs
The London factory assembles the finished product.
He works in marketing and product development.
2. the product of something
a) if someone is the product of a particular background or experience, their character is typical of that background or the result of that experience:
Paula was the product of a sheltered middle-class home.
b) if something is the product of a particular situation, process etc, it is the result of that situation or process:
The report was the product of four years’ hard work.
3. [countable] technical the number you get by multiplying two or more numbers in ↑mathematics
4. [countable] something that is produced through a natural or chemical process:
Hemoglobin is a product of red blood cells.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + product
▪ a commercial product They help firms turn good ideas into commercial products.
▪ a consumer product (=one that is bought by the public) Demand for consumer products has increased.
▪ household products Do you know what chemicals are in household products such as washing powder and paint?
▪ beauty/hair products She doesn’t buy beauty products that have been tested on animals.
▪ dairy/milk products Some people are allergic to dairy products.
▪ meat products meat products like sausages, pies and burgers
▪ the finished product The quality of the finished product is all-important.
■ product + NOUN
▪ product development The money will be used to fund product development.
▪ a product range/line (=the range of things that a company makes and sells) We want to broaden the company’s product line.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ product noun [countable] something that is made or produced in large quantities, usually in order to be sold: consumer products such as mobile phones | dairy products
▪ goods noun [plural] things that are produced in order to be sold, especially for use in the home: They sell furniture and other household goods. | electrical goods | white goods (=large electrical goods used in the home such as washing machines and refrigerators)
▪ commodity noun [countable] formal a type of product or raw material that can be bought and sold – used especially about basic food products, metals, and fuels: The decline in prices for agricultural commodities made the economic situation worse. | All metal was a valuable commodity and was rarely wasted.
▪ merchandise noun [uncountable] formal things that are being sold, especially in shops: Customers are not allowed to handle the merchandise. | Sales of books, videos, and other merchandise have increased.
▪ wares noun [plural] written things that are offered for sale, especially in a market or on the street: In the market, the traders began selling their wares. | Merchants brought their wares from all over the world.
▪ export noun [countable often plural] a product that is sent to a foreign country in order to be sold: US exports rose to $11.935 billion. | At the moment, oil is their biggest export.
▪ import noun [countable often plural] goods that are brought from one country into another to be sold there: The UK clothing industry cannot compete with foreign imports on price.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

product

prod·uct [product products] [ˈprɒdʌkt] [ˈprɑːdʌkt] noun
1. countable, uncountable a thing that is grown or produced, usually for sale
• dairy/meat/pharmaceutical, etc. products
• investment in product development
• to launch a new product on to the market
• (business) We need new product to sell (= a new range of products).

see also end product, gross national product

2. countable a thing produced during a natural, chemical or industrial process
• the products of the reaction

see also by-product, waste product

3. countable ~ of sth a person or thing that is the result of sth

• The child is the product of a broken home.

4. countable, uncountable a cream, jelly or liquid that you put on your hair or skin to make it look better
• This product can be used on wet or dry hair.

• Don't put too much product on your skin.

5. (mathematics) countable a quantity obtained by multiplying one number by another
• The product of 21 and 16 is 336.
Word Origin:
late Middle English (as a mathematical term): from Latin productum ‘something produced’, neuter past participle (used as a noun) of producere ‘bring forth’, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’.
Thesaurus:
product noun C, U
• meat/pharmaceutical products
goods • • merchandise • • produce • |economics commodity •
consumer/industrial products/goods/commodities
household products/goods
sell/market/buy/purchase produce/a product/goods/merchandise/a commodity
Collocations:
Business
Running a business
buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise
set up/establish/ start/start up/launch a business/company
run/operate a business/company/franchise
head/run a firm/department/team
make/secure/win/block a deal
expand/grow/build the business
boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade
increase/expand production/output/sales
boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability
achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability
cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices
announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks
Sales and marketing
break into/enter/capture/dominate the market
gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share
find/build/create a market for sth
start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign
develop/launch/promote a product/website
create/generate demand for your product
attract/get/retain/help customers/clients
drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales
beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition
meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets
Finance
draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget
keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget
be/come in below/under/over/within budget
generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business
fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit
provide/raise/allocate capital/funds
attract/encourage investment/investors
recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment
get/obtain/offer sb/grant sb credit/a loan
apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance
Failure
lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue
accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts
suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses
face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy
file for/ (NAmE) enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy
(BrE) go into administration/liquidation
liquidate/wind up a company
survive/weather a recession/downturn
propose/seek/block/oppose a merger
launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid
Synonyms:
product
goods • commodity • merchandise • produce
These are all words for things that are produced to be sold.
product • a thing that is produced or grown, usually to be sold: ▪ to create/develop/launch a new product
goods • things that are produced to be sold: ▪ cotton/leather goods ◊ ▪ electrical goods
commodity • (economics) a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially between countries: ▪ rice, flour and other basic commodities
merchandise • [U] goods that are bought or sold; things that you can buy that are connected with or advertise a particular event or organization: ▪ official Olympic merchandise
goods or merchandise?
Choose goods if the emphasis is on what the product is made of or what it is for: ▪ leather/household goods. Choose merchandise if the emphasis is less on the product itself and more on its brand or the fact of buying/selling it.
produce • [U] things that have been grown or made, especially things connected with farming: ▪ We sell only fresh local produce.
consumer/industrial products/goods/commodities
household products/goods
farm products/produce
luxury products/goods/commodities
to sell/market a product/goods/a commodity/merchandise/produce
to export a product/goods/a commodity/merchandise
to buy/purchase a product/goods/a commodity/merchandise/produce
Example Bank:
• Ensure you have adequate product descriptions.
• It's hard to find a competing product that is as compelling.
• Ken uses the very best styling products for Jessica's fine hair.
• Like many of his generation, he was a product of Japan's obsession with technology.
• Most companies haven't tested their products on humans yet.
• Our research enables companies to customize and tailor products to suit individual tastes.
• She is president of product management.
• The company is diversifying its product mix to attract new customers.
• The group says it will introduce nine new products before the end of the year.
• They offer a range of niche products online.
• They produce a product that meets the customer's quality requirements.
• They put a lot of time and money into packaging products.
• This new catalogue showcases our product.
• Those who used the products were generally satisfied with the quality.
• We are expanding the product line-up.
• We are introducing premium products to all our clients.
• We are using a lot of outside agencies to help us do product placement.
• We have a good product, but it needs to be marketed better.
• a wide range of beauty products
• agencies giving out promotional products
• an athlete who endorses a product
• an expensive specialty product
• cigarettes and other tobacco products
• everyday household products
• for those still concerned about product safety
• non-toxic cleaning products
• products offered by our insurance companies
• short product life cycles
• the company's flagship product
• the company's new product offerings
• the manufacture of chocolate from cocoa bean to the finished product
• the most successful new product launches of 2003
• the people who create and deliver the products and services
• the right product in the right place at the right time
• We need new product to sell.
• meat/pharmaceutical products

• to create/develop/launch a new product

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

product / ˈprɒd.ʌkt / / ˈprɑː.dʌkt / noun (THING MADE)

B1 [ C or U ] something that is made to be sold, usually something that is produced by an industrial process or, less commonly, something that is grown or obtained through farming:

They do a range of skin-care products.

The product is so good it sells itself.

I'm trying to cut down on dairy products.

→ See also by-product

a/the product of sth a/the result of something:

A figure like that is usually the product of many hours spent in the gym.

She had a very happy childhood, and I guess her confidence is a product of that.

product / ˈprɒd.ʌkt / / ˈprɑː.dʌkt / noun [ C ] specialized (IN MATHEMATICS)

the result you get when two or more numbers are multiplied together:

The product of 6 and 3 is 18.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

product

[prɒ̱dʌkt]

products
1) N-COUNT A product is something that is produced and sold in large quantities, often as a result of a manufacturing process.
  Try to get the best product at the lowest price...
  South Korea's imports of consumer products jumped 33% in this year.
2) N-COUNT: N of n If you say that someone or something is a product of a situation or process, you mean that the situation or process has had a significant effect in making them what they are.
  We are all products of our time...
  The bank is the product of a 1971 merger of two Japanese banks.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

product

prod·uct /ˈprɑːˌdʌkt/ noun, pl -ucts
1 : something that is made or grown to be sold or used

[count]

• dairy/software products
• my favorite skin-care products
• The company's newest product is selling well.

[noncount]

• (technical) The company needs to find a way to sell more product.
- often used before another noun
• product design/development
- see also gross domestic product, gross national product
2 [count] : something that is the result of a process
• The sap used to make maple syrup is a natural product.
• This book is the product of many years of hard work.
• The finished/end product was a beautiful vase.
- see also by-product, waste product
3 [count] : someone or something that is produced or influenced by a particular environment or experience - + of
• People are often products of their surroundings and upbringing.
• Her politeness is a product of good parenting.
• My grandfather was a product of his times. [=my grandfather was like other people who grew up with him]
4 [count] mathematics : the number that is the result of multiplying two or more numbers
• 15 is the product of 3 and 5.

American English

British English

products and producers

B1 (Intermediate)

noun

yogurt

yogurt [noun]

a slightly sour, thick liquid made from milk with bacteria added to it, sometimes eaten plain and sometimes with sugar, fruit, etc. added

/ˈjoʊ.ɡɚt/

/ˈjɒɡ.ət/

Example:

low-fat yogurt

Oxford Essential Dictionary

yogurt

(also yoghurt) noun
a thick liquid food made from milk:
strawberry yogurt
Do you want a yogurt?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

yogurt

yog‧urt /ˈjɒɡət $ ˈjoʊɡərt/ BrE AmE noun [uncountable and countable]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Turkish]
another spelling of yoghurt

yoghurt

yog‧hurt BrE AmE, yogurt /ˈjɒɡət $ ˈjoʊɡərt/ noun [uncountable and countable]
a thick liquid food that tastes slightly sour and is made from milk, or an amount of this food:
a pot of strawberry yogurt

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

yogurt

yog·urt [yogurt yogurts] (also yog·hurt, yog·hourt) [ˈjɒɡət] [ˈjoʊɡərt] noun uncountable, countable
a thick white liquid food, made by adding bacteria to milk, served cold and often flavoured with fruit; an amount of this sold in a small pot
• natural yogurt
• There's a yogurt left if you're still hungry.
• a lemon yogurt
See also: yoghurt
Word Origin:

early 17th cent.: from Turkish yoǧurt.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

yogurt ( also yoghurt , yoghourt ) / ˈjɒɡ.ət / / ˈjoʊ.ɡɚt / noun [ C or U ]

A2 a slightly sour, thick liquid made from milk with bacteria added to it, sometimes eaten plain and sometimes with sugar, fruit, etc. added:

natural/plain yogurt

strawberry yogurt

low-fat yogurt

I only had a yogurt (= a container of this) for lunch.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

yogurt

[jɒ̱gə(r)t, AM jo͟ʊ-]
yogurts
also yoghurt
N-VAR
Yogurt is a food in the form of a thick, slightly sour liquid that is made by adding bacteria to milk. A yogurt is a small pot of yogurt.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

yogurt

yo·gurt also Brit yo·ghurt /ˈjoʊgɚt/ noun, pl -gurts [count, noncount] : a food that is made when bacteria is added to milk and that is often flavored and chilled
• blueberry yogurt

American English

British English

dairy products and eggs

A2 (Elementary)

noun

rap

rap [noun] (MUSIC)

a type of popular music with a strong rhythm in which the words are spoken, not sung

/ræp/

Example:

a rap artist /star

Oxford Essential Dictionary

noun

1 a quick knock:
I heard a rap on the door.

2 (music) a type of modern music in which singers speak the words of a song very quickly:
a rap song

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

rap

I. rap¹ /ræp/ BrE AmE noun
[Sense 1: Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Perhaps from repartee]
[Sense 2-7: Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Probably from the sound]
1. MUSIC [uncountable and countable] (also rap music) a type of popular music in which the words of a song are not sung, but spoken in time to music with a steady beat:
a popular rap song
2. KNOCK [countable] a series of quick sharp hits or knocks ⇨ tap:
She was woken by a sharp rap on the door.
3. CRIME [countable] American English informal a statement by the police saying that someone is responsible for a serious crime SYN charge
murder/robbery etc rap
The kid’s been cited twice on drunk-driving raps. ⇨ ↑rap sheet
4. take the rap (for something) to be blamed or punished for a mistake or crime, especially unfairly:
Bo was left to take the rap for Victor’s murder.
5. beat the rap American English informal to avoid being punished for a crime
6. a rap on/over the knuckles
a) informal a punishment or criticism that is not very severe:
The New York Post received an official rap over the knuckles for the way it reported the story.
b) if someone gives a child a rap on the knuckles, they hit them on the back of their hand as a punishment
7. a bum/bad rap especially American English informal unfair treatment or punishment:
Cleveland always gets a bum rap in the press.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

rap

rap [rap raps rapped rapping] noun, verb [ræp] [ræp]

noun
1. countable a quick sharp hit or knock

• There was a sharp rap on the door.

2. uncountable a type of popular music with a fast strong rhythm and words which are spoken fast, not sung

• a rap song/artist

3. countable a rap song

4. countable (NAmE, informal) a criminal conviction (= the fact of being found guilty of a crime)

• a police rap sheet (= a record of the crimes sb has committed)

5. singular (NAmE, informal) an unfair judgement on sth or sb
• He denounced the criticisms as ‘just one bum rap after another.’
• Wolves get a bad rap, says a woman who owns three.
more at beat the rap at beat _v.
Word Origin:
Middle English (originally in the senses ‘severe blow with a weapon’ and ‘deliver a heavy blow’): probably imitative and of Scandinavian origin; compare with Swedish rappa ‘beat, drub’, also with the verb clap and flap.
Culture:
Rap music first became popular in the early 1980s and well-known performers include Snoop (Doggy) Dog, 50 cent, the Beastie Boys and Eminem. There are many styles of rap and it has had important influence on other types of popular music. Some bands combine aspects of jazz and rap music while others, such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers mix it with rock and funk. It is also important to the music of many nu metal bands. One style of the music, gangsta rap, is often criticized for its violent songs.
See also hip hop
.
Example Bank:
• a rap on the knuckles
• one of the biggest artists on the rap scene
• He denounced the criticisms as ‘just one bum rap after another’.
• Wolves get a bad rap, says a woman who owns three.

Idioms: rap on the knuckles ▪ rap somebody on the knuckles ▪ rap somebody's knuckles ▪ take the rap

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

rap / ræp / noun [ U ] (MUSIC)

A2 a type of popular music with a strong rhythm in which the words are spoken, not sung:

a rap artist /star

rap / ræp / noun [ C or U ] mainly US slang (PUNISHMENT)

a statement accusing someone of a crime, or the punishment that someone is given for a crime:

He always said he was jailed on a bum rap (= false accusation) .

The police caught him, but somehow he managed to beat the rap (= escape punishment) .

I'm not going to take the rap for you (= be punished for something you did) .

rap / ræp / noun [ C ] US slang (JUDGMENT)

a judgment or a reaction:

The new show got a bum/bad rap (= was severely criticized) in all the papers.

rap / ræp / noun [ C ] (HIT)

a sudden short noise, especially one made by hitting a hard surface:

There was a series of raps on the window.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

rap

[ræ_p]
raps, rapping, rapped
1) N-UNCOUNT: oft N n Rap is a type of music in which the words are not sung but are spoken in a rapid, rhythmic way.
  For some people, rap - the music of the hip-hop generation - is just so much noise...
  Her favorite music was by Run DMC, a rap group.
2) VERB Someone who raps performs rap music.
  ...the unexpected pleasure of hearing the Kids not only rap but even sing...
  [V about n] New Yorkers rap about parties and clubs, I rap about car chases and guns.
3) N-COUNT A rap is a piece of music performed in rap style, or the words that are used in it.
  Every member contributes to the rap, singing either solo or as part of a rap chorus.
4) VERB If you rap on something or rap it, you hit it with a series of quick blows.
  [V on n] Mary Ann turned and rapped on Simon's door.
  [V n] ...rapping the glass with the knuckles of his right hand...
  [V n on n] A guard raps his stick on a metal hand rail.
N-COUNT: usu N on n
Rap is also a noun. There was a sharp rap on the door.
5) N-COUNT: oft adj N for n/-ing A rap is a statement in a court of law that someone has committed a particular crime, or the punishment for committing it. [AM, INFORMAL]
  You'll be facing a Federal rap for aiding and abetting an escaped convict.
6) N-COUNT: usu sing A rap is an act of criticizing or blaming someone. [JOURNALISM]
  Paul Ringer faces a rap after playing for Penarth on Boxing Day...
  Timeshare companies also come in for a rap as they continue to flout the rules.
7) VERB If you rap someone for something, you criticize or blame them for it. [JOURNALISM]
  [V n for/over n] Water industry chiefs were rapped yesterday for failing their customers...
  [V n for/over n] The minister rapped banks over their treatment of small businesses.
  Syn:
  criticize
8) N-SING: usu with supp The rap about someone or something is their reputation, often a bad reputation which they do not deserve. [AM, INFORMAL]
  The rap against Conn was that he was far too reckless...
  The rap on this guy is that he doesn't really care...
  He said statisticians gave them a bad rap by `lying with figures'.
9) VERB If you rap with someone about something, you talk about it in a relaxed or informal way. [AM, INFORMAL]
  [V about n] Today we are going to rap about relationships. [Also V with n]
10) PHRASE: V inflects If someone in authority raps your knuckles or raps you on the knuckles, they criticize you or blame you for doing something they think is wrong. [JOURNALISM]
  We rap the manufacturers on their knuckles if the toy is shoddy...
  I joined the workers on strike and was rapped over the knuckles...
  Ms Tyson also had her knuckles rapped for doing this.
11) PHRASE: PHR after v If someone in authority gives you a rap on the knuckles, they criticize you or blame you for doing something they think is wrong. [JOURNALISM]
  The remark earned him a rap on the knuckles...
  Britain gave them a diplomatic rap over the knuckles.
12) PHRASE: V inflects If you take the rap, you are blamed or punished for something, especially something that is not your fault or for which other people are equally guilty. [INFORMAL]
  When the client was murdered, his wife took the rap, but did she really do it?
13) PHRASE: V inflects If you beat the rap, you avoid being blamed for something wrong that you have done. [INFORMAL]
  ...their decision to help Minnie beat the murder rap.
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - rap out

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

³rap noun, pl raps
1 [noncount] : a type of music that has words that are spoken with the rhythm instead of being sung
• He listens mostly to rap.
- often used before another noun
• a rap album/artist/group/song
• rap music
2 [count] : a rap song
• He performed a rap.

- compare ¹rap

clam

clam [noun]

a type of sea creature with a shell in two parts that can close together tightly, and a soft body that can be eaten

/klæm/

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

clam

I. clam¹ /klæm/ BrE AmE noun [countable]
[Date: 1500-1600; Origin: clam 'two-part fastener' (14-20 centuries), from Old English clamm 'chain, rope, etc. for tying something up'; from the tight shutting of a clam shell]

1. a ↑shellfish you can eat that has a shell in two parts that open up:
clam chowder (=a type of soup)
2. as happy as a clam American English informal very happy
3. American English informal someone who does not say what they are thinking or feeling
II. clam² BrE AmE verb (past tense and past participle clammed, present participle clamming)
clam up phrasal verb
informal to suddenly stop talking, especially when you are nervous or shy:
A sensitive child is likely just to clam up.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

clam

clam [clam clams clammed clamming] [klæm] [klæm]

noun

a shellfish that can be eaten. It has a shell in two parts that can open and close
• clam chowder/soup
• The moment I mentioned the children he closed up like a clam (= became silent and refused to discuss the topic).
Word Origin:
early 16th cent.: apparently from earlier clam ‘a clamp’, from Old English clam, clamm ‘a bond or bondage’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch klemme, German Klemme, also to clamp.

Derived: clam up

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

clam / klæm / noun [ C ]

a type of sea creature with a shell in two parts that can close together tightly, and a soft body that can be eaten

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

clam

[klæ_m]
clams, clamming, clammed
N-COUNT
Clams are a kind of shellfish which can be eaten.
Phrasal Verbs:
- clam up

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹clam /ˈklæm/ noun, pl clams
1 [count] : a type of shellfish that lives in sand or mud, has a light-colored shell with two parts, and is eaten both cooked and raw
• steamed clams
• clam chowder
- see color picture
2 clams [plural] US slang somewhat old-fashioned : dollars
• He won 20 clams [=(more commonly) bucks] playing poker.
(as) happy as a clam US informal : very happy
• She spent the afternoon reading and was as happy as a clam.

squid

squid [noun]

a sea creature with a long body and ten arms situated around the mouth, or this animal eaten as food

/skwɪd/

Oxford Essential Dictionary

squid

noun (plural squid or squids)
a sea animal that we eat, with a soft body and ten long parts (called tentacles)

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

squid

squid /skwɪd/ BrE AmE noun (plural squid or squids) [countable]

a sea creature with a long soft body and ten arms around its mouth

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

squid

squid [squid squids squidded squidding] [skwɪd] [skwɪd] noun countable, uncountable (pl. squid or squids)
a sea creature that has a long soft body, eight arms and two tentacles (= long thin parts like arms) around its mouth, and that is sometimes used for food
Word Origin:

late 16th cent.: of unknown origin.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

squid / skwɪd / noun [ C or U ] ( plural squid )

squid

a sea creature with a long body and ten arms situated around the mouth, or this animal eaten as food

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

squid

[skwɪ̱d]
squids
N-COUNT
(squid can also be used as the plural form.)
A squid is a sea creature with a long soft body and many soft arms called tentacles.
N-UNCOUNT
Squid is pieces of this creature eaten as food. Add the prawns and squid and cook for 2 minutes.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

squid

squid /ˈskwɪd/ noun, pl squid or squids [count] : a sea animal that has a long, thin, soft body and 10 long arms

shrimp

shrimp [noun] (ANIMAL)

a small sea creature with a thin shell, ten legs, and a long tail, or its flesh eaten as food

/ʃrɪmp/

Example:

shrimp paste

Oxford Essential Dictionary

shrimp

noun

1 (British) a small sea animal with a shell and a lot of legs that turns pink when you cook it. Shrimps are smaller than prawns.

2 American English for prawn

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

shrimp

shrimp /ʃrɪmp/ BrE AmE noun (plural shrimp or shrimps) [countable]

1. a small sea creature that you can eat, which has ten legs and a soft shell SYN prawn British English
2. someone who is very small – used humorously

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

shrimp

shrimp [shrimp shrimps shrimped shrimping] [ʃrɪmp] [ʃrɪmp] noun

(pl. shrimps or shrimp)

1. a small shellfish that can be eaten, like a prawn but smaller. Shrimps turn pink when cooked.

2. (NAmE) = prawn
• grilled shrimp
Word Origin:

Middle English: probably related to Middle Low German schrempen ‘to wrinkle’, Middle High German schrimpfen ‘to contract’, also to scrimp.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

shrimp / ʃrɪmp / noun [ C or U ] ( plural shrimps or shrimp ) ( UK also prawn ) (ANIMAL)

B1 a small sea creature with a thin shell, ten legs, and a long tail, or its flesh eaten as food:

shrimp paste

shrimp / ʃrɪmp / noun [ C ] ( plural shrimps ) informal disapproving (PERSON)

an extremely short person

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

shrimp

[ʃrɪ̱mp]
shrimps
N-COUNT
(shrimp can also be used as the plural form.)
Shrimps are small shellfish with long tails and many legs.
Add the shrimp and cook for 30 seconds...
I'm going to have shrimps for my tea.
Syn:
prawn

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

shrimp

shrimp /ˈʃrɪmp/ noun, pl shrimp or shrimps [count]
1 : a small shellfish that has a long body and legs and that is eaten as food - see color picture
- compare prawn
2 informal : a very small or unimportant person
• He's a little shrimp of a boy.

reggae

reggae [noun]

a type of popular music from Jamaica, with a strong second and fourth beat

/ˈreɡ.eɪ/

Oxford Essential Dictionary

reggae

noun (no plural)
(music) a type of West Indian music

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

reggae

reg‧gae /ˈreɡeɪ/ BrE AmE noun [uncountable]
[Date: 1900-2000; Language: Jamaican English; Origin: rege 'rags']
a kind of popular music originally from Jamaica, with a strong regular beat

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

reggae

reg·gae [reggae reggaes] [ˈreɡeɪ] [ˈreɡeɪ] noun uncountable
a type of popular music with strong rhythms, developed in Jamaica in the 1960s
Word Origin:
perhaps related to Jamaican English rege-rege ‘quarrel, row’.
Culture:

Reggae began in Jamaica in the 1960s and is now well known in Britain, the US and other countries. Reggae songs often have a Rastafarian message, and the musicians often wear their hair in long tight curls called dreadlocks. Famous reggae groups have included Bob Marley and the Wailers, Aswad and Burning Spear.

reg·gae /ˈrɛgeɪ/ noun [noncount] : popular music that is originally from Jamaica and that combines native styles with elements of rock and soul music

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