pop - rock and soul

rap

I. rap¹ /ræp/ BrE AmE noun
[Sense 1: Date: 1900-2000; Origin: Perhaps from repartee]
[Sense 2-7: Date: 1200-1300; Origin: Probably from the sound]
1. MUSIC [uncountable and countable] (also rap music) a type of popular music in which the words of a song are not sung, but spoken in time to music with a steady beat:
a popular rap song
2. KNOCK [countable] a series of quick sharp hits or knocks ⇨ tap:
She was woken by a sharp rap on the door.
3. CRIME [countable] American English informal a statement by the police saying that someone is responsible for a serious crime SYN charge
murder/robbery etc rap
The kid’s been cited twice on drunk-driving raps. ⇨ ↑rap sheet
4. take the rap (for something) to be blamed or punished for a mistake or crime, especially unfairly:
Bo was left to take the rap for Victor’s murder.
5. beat the rap American English informal to avoid being punished for a crime
6. a rap on/over the knuckles
a) informal a punishment or criticism that is not very severe:
The New York Post received an official rap over the knuckles for the way it reported the story.
b) if someone gives a child a rap on the knuckles, they hit them on the back of their hand as a punishment
7. a bum/bad rap especially American English informal unfair treatment or punishment:
Cleveland always gets a bum rap in the press.

hip hop

ˈhip hop BrE AmE, hip-hop noun [uncountable]
1. a type of popular dance music with a regular heavy beat and spoken words ⇨ rap
2. a type of popular ↑culture that began among young African-Americans in big cities, which includes hip hop music, dancing, and ↑graffiti art

II. pop² S3 W3 BrE AmE noun
[Sense 1,7: Date: 1800-1900; Origin: popular]
[Sense 2-5: Date: 1400-1500; Origin: ⇨ ↑pop¹]
[Sense 6: Date: 1800-1900; Origin: poppa]
1. MUSIC [uncountable] modern music that is popular, especially with young people, and usually consists of simple tunes with a strong beat ⇨ pop music:
a new pop record
a pop star
a pop festival
2. SOUND [countable] a sudden short sound like a small explosion:
the pop of a champagne cork
The balloon went pop (=made a sudden short sound).
3. DRINK [uncountable and countable] informal a sweet drink with bubbles but no alcohol, or a glass or can of this drink SYN soda:
a bottle of pop
Can you get me a pop while you’re up?
4. take a pop at somebody British English informal to criticize someone in public:
When you’re a professional footballer, you expect people to take a pop at you now and again.
5. $7/$50/25¢ etc a pop American English spoken used when each of something costs a particular amount of money:
Tickets for the show are a hundred bucks a pop.
6. FATHER [countable] (also Pops) American English old-fashioned father – used especially when you are talking to your father
7. pops American English ↑classical music that most people know, especially people who do not usually like this type of music:
a pops concert
the Boston Pops Orchestra
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ father a male parent: My father’s a doctor. | He’s a father of three.
▪ dad informal used when talking to your father, or about someone's father: Can I borrow your car, Dad? | Her dad retired ten years ago. | My dad was in the army.
▪ daddy a name for father, which is used especially by young children or when you are talking to young children: Where’s your daddy? | Daddy, can I have a drink, please?
▪ pop American English informal (also pa old-fashioned) used when talking to your father, or about someone's father: I helped Pop fix the gate this morning. | Can I help, Pa? | He is in New York with his Pop's credit card, eating all the ice cream and pizza the city has to offer.
▪ papa old-fashioned informal used when talking to your father, or about someone's father: Papa had forbidden me to go. | She saw her papa 's face change at this news.
▪ sb’s old man informal someone's father – used when talking about him in a way that is not very respectful: His old man wouldn’t let him use the car.
▪ stepfather (also stepdad informal) a man who is married to your mother, who is not your father but often acts as your parent: Her stepfather is really nice.

rock

I. rock¹ S2 W2 /rɒk $ rɑːk/ BrE AmE noun
[Sense 1, 3-10: Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old North French; Origin: roque, from Vulgar Latin rocca]
[Sense 2: Date: 1900-2000; Origin: ⇨ ↑rock²]

1. STONE
a) [uncountable] the hard substance that forms the main surface of the Earth ⇨ stone:
To build the tunnel, they had to cut through 500 feet of solid rock.
Most of the country is desert and bare rock.
massive rock formations (=shapes made naturally from rock)
ancient dark volcanic rock
b) [countable] a piece of rock, especially a large one that sticks up from the ground:
Jack stood on a rock for a better view.
During the storm a ship had been driven onto the rocks (=a line of rocks under or next to the sea).
2. MUSIC [uncountable] (also rock music) a type of popular modern music with a strong loud beat, played using ↑guitars and drums
rock band/group
Komuro formed a rock band with some friends while in college.
the late rock star, Freddie Mercury
The stadium has hosted numerous rock concerts. ⇨ ↑hard rock, ⇨ punk rock at ↑punk(1)
3. (as) solid/steady as a rock
a) very strongly built or well supported and not likely to break or fall:
a large sofa, solid as a rock
b) someone who is as solid or steady as a rock is very strong and calm in difficult situations and you can depend on them ⇨ ↑rock-solid
4. [singular] someone who always gives you support and who you can depend on:
My sister has always been my rock.
5. be on the rocks informal a relationship or business that is on the rocks is having a lot of problems and is likely to fail soon SYN in trouble:
I’m afraid Tim’s marriage is on the rocks.
6. scotch/vodka etc on the rocks informal an alcoholic drink that is served with ice but no water
7. SWEET FOOD [uncountable] British English a hard sweet made in long round pieces:
a stick of rock
8. DRUG
a) [uncountable] a very pure form of the illegal drug ↑cocaine that some people use for pleasure
b) [countable] a small amount of this drug
9. be (stuck) between a rock and a hard place to have a choice between two things, both of which are unpleasant or dangerous
10. get your rocks off informal not polite if a man gets his rocks off, he has sex
11. JEWEL [countable usually plural] old-fashioned informal a ↑diamond or other jewel
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ adjectives
▪ solid rock Steps had been carved out of the solid rock.
▪ bare rock (=not covered by soil) Here there was only bare rock and gravel.
▪ volcanic rock The fossils are sandwiched between two layers of volcanic rock.
▪ molten rock (=rock that is so hot it is liquid) Molten rock flowed into these cracks.
■ rock + NOUN
▪ a rock formation There are marvellous views of impressive rock formations.
■ verbs
▪ rock forms/is formed From the texture of the rock we can tell how it was formed.
▪ something erodes rock (=it gradually removes the surface of the rock) Rainwater drained away, forming streams and rivers that began to erode the rock.
▪ rock erodes (away) (=its surface is gradually removed because of the action of water, wind etc ) The rocks had eroded away over the years.
■ phrases
▪ a lump/piece of rock His leg was trapped under a large lump of rock.
▪ a layer of rock You can see six layers of rock in the cliff.
▪ an outcrop of rock (=a mass of rock that sticks up above the ground) The gulls nested on a outcrop of rock.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ rock a piece of the hard substance that forms the main surface of the Earth. In British English, rocks are too large to pick up, but in American English, they can either be large or small: the rocks along the riverbanks
▪ stone a small piece of rock, found on the ground or near the surface of the ground. Speakers of American English are more likely to use the word rock than stone: The children were throwing stones into the water.
▪ boulder a large round piece of rock: She climbed over a few boulders at the edge of the sea.
▪ pebble a small smooth stone found especially on a beach or on the bottom of a river: The beach was covered with smooth white pebbles.
▪ fossil a rock which has the shape of an animal or plant that lived many thousands of years ago: fossils of early reptiles
II. rock² BrE AmE verb
[Language: Old English; Origin: roccian]
1. [intransitive and transitive] to move gently backwards and forwards or from side to side, or to make something do this ⇨ sway:
She covered her face, rocking to and fro in her grief.
The waves rocked the boat from side to side.
Paul sat gently rocking the child in his arms.
Jim rocked with laughter when he heard what had happened.
2. [transitive]
a) to make the people in a place or organization feel very shocked – used in news reports SYN shake:
The scandal rocked the nation.
b) to make the future of something seem less certain or steady than it was before, especially because of problems or changes SYN shake:
Another financial blow has rocked the industry.
The theory rocked the foundations of social and moral life.
3. rock the boat informal to cause problems for other members of a group by criticizing something or trying to change the way something is done:
He kept his feelings to himself, not wanting to rock the boat.
4. [transitive] if an explosion or ↑earthquake rocks an area, it makes it shake:
Residents had only a few minutes to escape before the blast rocked their houses.
5. somebody/something rocks spoken informal said to show that you strongly approve of someone or something
6. rock sb’s world informal to cause someone to think about something or someone in a completely new way