branches and types of mathematics

(formal) (British, informal) maths (American, informal) math noun (no plural)
the study of numbers, measurements and shapes:
Maths is my favourite subject.

>> mathematical adjective:
a mathematical problem

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

mathematics

math‧e‧mat‧ics /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks, ˌmæθɪˈmætɪks/ noun [uncountable]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: mathematicus, from Greek, from mathema 'learning, mathematics', from manthanein 'to learn']
the science of numbers and of shapes, including algebra, geometry, and arithmetic

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

mathematics

math·emat·ics [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks] [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks] (formal) (also BrE maths [mæθs] ; [mæθs] ) (also NAmE math [mæθ] ; [mæθ] ) noun

1. uncountable the science of numbers and shapes. Branches of mathematics include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry

• the school mathematics curriculum

2. uncountable + singular or plural verb the process of calculating using numbers

• He worked out the very difficult mathematics in great detail.

Derived Words: mathematical ▪ mathematically

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

mathematics / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪks / / -ˈmæt̬- / noun [ U ] ( UK informal maths , US informal math ) formal

A2 the study of numbers, shapes, and space using reason and usually a special system of symbols and rules for organizing them

→ See also algebra , arithmetic , geometry

mathematical / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪ.k ə l / / -ˈmæt̬- / adjective

B2

a mathematical formula

mathematically / ˌmæθˈmæt.ɪ.k ə l.i / / -ˈmæt̬- / adverb

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

mathematics

[mæ̱θəmæ̱tɪks]
1) N-UNCOUNT Mathematics is the study of numbers, quantities, or shapes.
  Elizabeth studied mathematics and classics.
  ...a professor of mathematics at Boston College.
2) N-UNCOUNT The mathematics of a problem is the calculations that are involved in it.
  Once you understand the mathematics of debt you can work your way out of it.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

mathematics

math·e·mat·ics /ˌmæɵəˈmætɪks/ noun [noncount] : the science of numbers, quantities, and shapes and the relations between them
• Algebra, arithmetic, calculus, geometry, and trigonometry are branches of mathematics.
• She has a degree in mathematics.
• a professor of mathematics
• Mathematics is my favorite subject.
- often used before another noun
• a mathematics teacher
• the mathematics department at the university