B2 (Upper-intermediate)

pessimism

pessimism [noun]

emphasizing or thinking of the bad part of a situation rather than the good part, or the feeling that bad things are more likely to happen than good things

US /ˈpes.ə.mɪ.zəm/ 
UK /ˈpes.ɪ.mɪ.zəm/ 
Example: 

There is now a mood of deepening pessimism  about/over  the economy.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

pessimism

 noun (no plural)
thinking that bad things will happen opposite optimism

>> pessimist noun:
Lisa's such a pessimist.
 opposite optimist

>> pessimistic adjective:
Don't be so pessimistic – of course it's not going to rain!
 opposite optimistic

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

pessimism

pessimism /ˈpesəmɪzəm, ˈpesɪmɪzəm/ BrE AmE noun [uncountable]
[Date: 1700-1800; Language: French; Origin: pessimisme, from Latin pessimus 'worst']
a tendency to believe that bad things will happen OPP optimism
pessimism about/over
There is deep pessimism about the future.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

pessimism

pes·sim·ism   [ˈpesɪmɪzəm]    [ˈpesɪmɪzəm]  noun uncountable ~ (about/over sth)
a feeling that bad things will happen and that sth will not be successful; the tendency to have this feeling
There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects.
This widespread pessimism does not seem justified.
Opp:  optimism  
Word Origin:
[pessimism] late 18th cent.: from Latin pessimus ‘worst’, on the pattern of optimism.  
Example Bank:
He warned against the dangers of undue pessimism.
The article reflects the pessimism of its author.
• There were good grounds for pessimism about future progress.

• the widespread pessimism among young people today

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

pessimism     / pes.ɪ.mɪ.z ə m /   noun   [ U ]   
  
        emphasizing or thinking of the bad part of a situation rather than the good part, or the feeling that bad things are more likely to happen than good things:  
  There is now a mood of deepening pessimism  about/over  the economy. 
  An underlying pessimism infuses all her novels.   
 →  Opposite     optimism 
  
pessimist     / -mɪst /   noun   [ C ]   
      
  Don't be such a pessimist! 

 
© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

pessimism

[pe̱sɪmɪzəm]
 N-UNCOUNT: oft N about/over n
 Pessimism is the belief that bad things are going to happen.
  ...universal pessimism about the economy...
  My first reaction was one of deep pessimism.
 Ant:
 optimism

 

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

pessimism

 

pes·si·mism /ˈpɛsəˌmɪzəm/ noun [noncount] : a feeling or belief that bad things will happen in the future : a feeling or belief that what you hope for will not happen
• She has expressed pessimism over the outcome of the trial. [=she thinks the outcome will be bad]
• Although the economy shows signs of improving, a sense of pessimism remains.
• He expressed his pessimism about politics and politicians. [=his belief that politics and politicians are generally bad]
- opposite optimism

 

God forbid

God forbid [idiom]

a way of saying that you hope something does not happen

Example: 

God forbid (that) his parents should ever find out.

media: 

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

2. God/Heaven forbid spoken used to emphasize that you hope that something will not happen:
‘Supposing I had an accident.’ ‘God forbid!’

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

God forbid (that …)

God/Heaven forˈbid (that…) idiom
(informal) used to say that you hope that sth will not happen
‘Maybe you'll end up as a lawyer, like me.’ ‘God forbid!’  Some people find this use offensive.

 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

heaven forbid     ( also   God forbid ) 
  
        a way of saying that you hope something does not happen:  
  Heaven forbid  (that)  his parents should ever find out. 

 
© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

6) PHRASE: PHR with cl (feelings) If you say God forbid, you are expressing your hope that something will not happen.
  If, God forbid, something goes wrong, I don't know what I would do.
  Syn:
  heaven forbid

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

God/heaven forbid
- used in speech to say that you hope a bad thing will not happen
• This is the number you should call if, God forbid, you should get into an accident.
Heaven forbid that something bad should happen.

rejoice

rejoice [verb]

to feel or show great happiness about something

US /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/ 
UK /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/ 
Example: 

People rejoiced at seeing their leader.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

rejoice

rejoice /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/ BrE AmE verb [intransitive]
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: rejoir, from Latin gaudere 'to rejoice']
1. literary to feel or show that you are very happy
rejoice at/over/in
His family rejoiced at the news.
We rejoiced in our good fortune.
2. rejoice in the name/title (of) something British English to have a name or title that is silly or amusing:
He rejoices in the name of Pigg.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

rejoice

 

re·joice [rejoice rejoices rejoiced rejoicing]   [rɪˈdʒɔɪs]    [rɪˈdʒɔɪs]  verb intransitive, transitive (formal)
to express great happiness about sth
When the war ended, people finally had cause to rejoice.
~ at/in/over sth The motor industry is rejoicing at the cut in car tax.
~ to do sth They rejoiced to see their son well again.
~ that… I rejoice that justice has prevailed.
Idiom: rejoice in the name of …
Verb forms:

 
Word Origin:

Middle English (in the sense ‘cause joy to’): from Old French rejoiss-, lengthened stem of rejoir, from re- (expressing intensive force) + joir ‘experience joy’.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

rejoice / rɪˈdʒɔɪs / verb [ I ] formal

to feel or show great happiness about something:

Everyone rejoiced at the news of his safe return.

She rejoiced in her good fortune.

[ + to infinitive ] I rejoiced to see that she had made such a quick recovery.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

rejoice

[rɪʤɔ͟ɪs]
 rejoices, rejoicing, rejoiced
 1) VERB If you rejoice, you are very pleased about something and you show it in your behaviour.
  [V in/at n] Garbo plays the Queen, rejoicing in the love she has found with Antonio...
  [V in/at n] A Foreign Ministry statement said that the French government rejoiced at the happy outcome to events...
  [V that] Party activists in New Hampshire rejoiced that the presidential campaign had finally started. [Also V]
  Derived words:
  rejoicing N-UNCOUNT There was general rejoicing at the news.
 2) PHRASE: V inflects If you say that a person or thing rejoices in the name of something, you mean that they have a silly or amusing name.
  ...their tortoise, who rejoiced in the name of Carruthers.

 

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

rejoice

 

re·joice /rɪˈʤoɪs/ verb -joic·es; -joiced; -joic·ing [no obj] : to feel or show that you are very happy about something
• We all rejoiced over/about/in/at our friend's good luck.
• The fans rejoiced when their team finally won the World Series. = The fans rejoiced in their team's World Series victory.
rejoice in the name/title of Brit humorous : to have a name/title that makes people laugh or smile
• a woman who rejoices in the name of Eugenia Whelpbottom
- rejoicing noun [noncount]
• There was much rejoicing when the soldiers returned home.

expect

expect [verb] (DEMAND)

to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing

US /ɪkˈspekt/ 
UK /ɪkˈspekt/ 
Example: 

I expected you to write me letters.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

expect

 verb (expects, expecting, expected)

1 to think that somebody or something will come or that something will happen:
I'm expecting a letter.
We expected it to be hot in South Africa, but it was quite cold.
She's expecting a baby (= she is going to have a baby) in June.

2 If you are expected to do something, you must do it:
I am expected to work every Saturday.

3 (British, informal) to think that something will happen or is probably true:
I expect she'll be late. She usually is.
They haven't had lunch yet, so I expect they're hungry.
'Is Ian coming?' 'Oh yes, I expect so.'

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

expect

expect S1 W1 /ɪkˈspekt/ BrE AmE verb [transitive]
[Word Family: noun: ↑expectancy, ↑expectation; adverb: ↑expectantly, ↑unexpectedly; adjective: ↑expectant, expected ≠ ↑unexpected; verb: ↑expect]
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: exspectare 'to look forward to', from spectare 'to look at']
1. THINK SOMETHING WILL HAPPEN to think that something will happen because it seems likely or has been planned
expect to do something
I expect to be back within a week.
The company expects to complete work in April.
expect somebody/something to do something
Emergency repairs were expected to take three weeks.
I didn’t expect him to stay so long.
expect (that)
There’s the doorbell – I expect it’ll be my mother.
He will be hard to beat. I fully expect (=am completely sure about) that and I’m ready.
‘Who are you?’ he murmured, only half expecting (=thinking it was possible, but not likely) her to answer.
He didn’t get his expected pay rise.
as expected (=in the way that was planned or thought likely to happen)
As expected, the whole family was shocked by the news.
something is (only) to be expected (=used to say that you are not surprised by something, especially something unpleasant)
A little nervousness is only to be expected when you are starting a new job.
2. DEMAND to demand that someone does something because it is a duty or seems reasonable
expect something from somebody
The officer expects complete obedience from his troops.
expect somebody to do something
I can’t expect her to be on time if I’m late myself.
expect a lot of somebody/expect too much of somebody (=think someone can do more than may be possible)
The school expects a lot of its students.
3. THINK SOMEBODY/SOMETHING WILL ARRIVE to believe that someone or something is going to arrive:
We’re expecting Alison home any minute now.
Snow is expected by the weekend.
an expected crowd of 80,000 people
4. THINK to think that you will find that someone or something has a particular quality or does a particular thing:
I expected her to be taller than me, not shorter.
5. be expecting (a baby) if a woman is expecting, she is going to have a baby
6. what can/do you expect? spoken used to say that you are not surprised by something unpleasant or disappointing:
He was late, but what do you expect?
7. how do/can you expect ...? spoken used to say that it is unreasonable to think that something will happen or be true:
If I can’t help her, how can you expect to?
8. I expect British English spoken used to introduce or agree with a statement that you think is probably true:
I expect you’re right.
‘Do you think they’re going to attack?’ ‘I expect so.’

COLLOCATIONS
■ adverbs
fully expect (=completely) We fully expected to win.
confidently expect (=with a feeling of confidence) He confidently expected to be elected again.
half expect (=partly, but not completely) He walked slowly towards the box, half expecting it to explode.
really expect (=definitely) I didn’t really expect her to come.
honestly expect (=really expect) Do you honestly expect me to look after the kids while you go on holiday?
hardly expect (=almost not) You can hardly expect a child of three to know the difference between right and wrong.
rightly expect (=with good reason) The public rightly expects government officials to be honest.
■ phrases
as expected (=in the way that was planned or thought likely to happen) Tickets have not been selling as well as expected.
something is (only) to be expected (=used to say that you are not surprised by something unpleasant) After all this rain, some flooding is only to be expected.
something happens when you least expect it Bad luck tends to happen when you least expect it.
somebody is entitled to expect something (=have the right to think something will happen) You’re entitled to expect decent service at these prices.
it is reasonable/unreasonable to expect something It’s unreasonable to expect a tenant to pay for repairs to the outside of the house.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

expect

 

ex·pect [expect expects expected expecting]   [ɪkˈspekt]    [ɪkˈspekt]  verb
1. transitive to think or believe that sth will happen or that sb will do sth
~ sth We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.
~ sth from sb/sth Don't expect sympathy from me!
~ sth of sb/sth That's not the sort of behaviour I expect of you!
~ to do sth You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
I looked back, half expecting to see someone following me.
~ sb/sth to do sth House prices are expected to rise sharply.
I didn't expect him to become a successful writer.
Do you really expect me to believe you?
~ (that)… Many people were expecting (that) the peace talks would break down.

it is expected that… It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms.

2. transitive (often used in the progressive tenses) to be waiting for sb/sth to arrive, as this has been arranged
~ sb/sth to expect a visit/call/letter from sb
Are you expecting visitors?
• We were expecting him yesterday.

~ sb to do sth We were expecting him to arrive yesterday.

3. to demand that sb will do sth because it is their duty or responsibility
~ sth (from sb) Her parents expected high standards from her.
He's still getting over his illness, so don't expect too much from him.
~ sth (of sb) Are you clear what is expected of you?
~ sb to do sth They expected all their children to be high achievers.
• We are expected to work on Saturdays.

~ to do sth I expect to be paid promptly for the work.

4. intransitive, transitive (informal, especially BrE) (not used in the progressive tenses) used when you think sth is probably true
‘Will you be late?’ ‘ I expect so.’
‘Are you going out tonight?’ ‘ I don't expect so.’
~ (that…) ‘Who's eaten all the cake?’ ‘Tom, I expect/I expect it was Tom.’  ‘That’ is nearly always left out.
compare  unexpected 
Idioms: expecting a baby  to be expected  what do you expect?
Verb forms:

 
Word Origin:
mid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘defer action, wait’): from Latin exspectare ‘look out for’, from ex- ‘out’ + spectare ‘to look’ (frequentative of specere ‘see’).  
Thesaurus:
expect verb
1. T
They're not expecting to get any money from the government.
thinklook forward to sthanticipatebargain for/on sthlook for sthlook aheadwatch for sb/sth|formal await
expect/think/anticipate that…
It is expected/thought/anticipated that…
expect/look forward to/anticipate/look for/await results
2. T
They expect their children to be high achievers.
demandaskinsisthold out for sth|formal requirestipulate
expect/demand/ask/require sth from sb
expect/demand/ask/insist/require/stipulate that…
expect/ask/require sb to do sth
Expect, demand or ask? Ask is not as strong as expect or demand, both of which can be more like a command.
3. T (especially BrE, spoken)
I expect he'll be late, as usual.
supposeimaginesuspectassumepresume|especially spoken take it|especially BrE, spoken I dare say|especially AmE, spoken guess
expect/suppose/imagine/suspect/assume/presume/take it/dare say/guess that…
I expect/suppose/imagine/suspect/assume/presume/guess so
Language Bank:
expect
Discussing predictions
The number of people using mobile phones to purchase goods and services is expected / likely to more than double by the end of 2015.
Experts have predicted / forecast that the number of people using their mobile phones to pay for goods and services should exceed 190 million in 2015.
This figure is set to reach 200 million by 2016.
By 2015, 800 million mobile phone users worldwide will be participating in social networks via their phone.
Sales of mobile phones in 2009 were lower than expected .
The company's announcement of 1.26 billion handsets sold for the year is in line with predictions .
Language Banks at fall, illustrate, increase, proportion  
Synonyms:
demand
require expect insist ask
These words all mean to say that sb should do or have sth.
demandto ask for sth very firmly; to say very firmly that sb should have or do sth: She demanded an immediate explanation.
require[often passive] (rather formal) to make sb do or have sth, especially because it is necessary according to a law or set of rules or standards: All candidates will be required to take a short test.
expectto demand that sb should do, have or be sth, especially because it is their duty or responsibility: I expect to be paid promptly for the work.
insistto demand that sth happens or that sb agrees to do sth: I didn't want to go but he insisted. We insist on the highest standards at all times.
askto expect or demand sth: You're asking too much of him.
demand, expect or ask?
Ask is not as strong as demand or expect, both of which can be more like a command.
to demand/require/expect/ask sth of/from sb
to demand/require/expect/insist/ask that…
to require/expect/ask sb to do sth
to demand/require/expect/ask a lot/too much/a great deal
to be too much to expect/ask 
Example Bank:
As expected, they lost the election.
Did you honestly expect me to believe that?
I didn't really expect them to come.
I do not necessarily expect an easy answer to this question.
I think my parents always expected too much of me.
I was half expecting to see Jim at the concert.
I would expect the factory to be working again as normal by next week.
It would be foolish to expect this at his age.
It would be unreasonable to expect them to do all that work for free.
My parents fully expect us to get married.
She confidently expects to win.
The economy is widely expected to pick up in the first half of next year.
The wine list is excellent, as is to be expected from such a high-class restaurant.
They rightly expect to be obeyed.
This kind of behaviour is to be expected from a two-year-old.
Was she really naive enough to expect that he had changed?
We can expect to see an improvement in the weather over the next few days.
We expect good results from our employees.
You are entitled to expect certain minimum standards of accommodation.
You can hardly expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
You can't seriously expect me to sympathize with you.
‘Are you going out tonight?’ ‘I don't expect so.’
‘Will Bill be there?’ ‘I expect so.’
Are you clear about what is expected of you?
Don't expect sympathy from me!
Don't expect too much from him.
Double the expected number of people came to the meeting.
Her parents expect high standards from her.
I didn't expect him to become a successful writer.
I expect he'll be late, as usual.
I'm expecting an important call.
• Many people were expecting that the peace talks would break down.

• That's not the sort of behaviour I expect of you.

 

 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

expect / ɪkˈspekt / verb (THINK)

B1 [ T ] to think or believe something will happen, or someone will arrive:

We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.

[ + (that) ] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.

I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.

[ + to infinitive ] He didn't expect to see me.

The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.

We were half expecting you not to come back.

(only) to be expected normal and what usually happens:

All parents of small children get tired. It's to be expected.

 

expect / ɪkˈspekt / verb [ T ] (DEMAND)

B2 to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing:

I expect punctuality from my students.

[ + to infinitive ] Borrowers are expected to (= should) return books on time.

 

expected / -ˈspek.tɪd / adjective [ before noun ]

B2

The expected counter-attack never happened.

 

expect / ɪkˈspekt / verb (BE PREGNANT)

be expecting (a baby) B2 to be pregnant:

She shouldn't be lifting those boxes if she's expecting.

Kate and Dom are expecting a baby.

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

expect

[ɪkspe̱kt]
 
 expects, expecting, expected

 1) VERB If you expect something to happen, you believe that it will happen.
  [V to-inf] ...a council workman who expects to lose his job in the next few weeks...
  [V n to-inf] They no longer expect corporate profits to improve...
  [V n to-inf] The talks are expected to continue until tomorrow...
  [V that] Few expected that he would declare his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the presidency...
  [it be V-ed that] It is expected that the new owner will change the yacht's name...
  [V n] They expect a gradual improvement in sales of new cars.
 2) VERB: usu cont If you are expecting something or someone, you believe that they will be delivered to you or come to you soon, often because this has been arranged earlier.
  [V n] I am expecting several important letters but nothing has arrived...
  [V n] I wasn't expecting a visitor...
  [V adv n] We were expecting him home again any day now.
 3) VERB If you expect something, or expect a person to do something, you believe that it is your right to have that thing, or the person's duty to do it for you.
  [V n] He wasn't expecting our hospitality...
  [V to-inf] I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings...
  [V n to-inf] I wasn't expecting you to help...
  [V n of n] Is this a rational thing to expect of your partner, or not?...
  [V amount of n] She realizes now she expected too much of Helen.
 4) VERB: with brd-neg If you tell someone not to expect something, you mean that the thing is unlikely to happen as they have planned or imagined, and they should not hope that it will.
  [V n] Don't expect an instant cure...
  [V to-inf] You cannot expect to like all the people you will work with...
  [V n to-inf] Don't expect me to come and visit you there.
 5) VERB: only cont If you say that a woman is expecting a baby, or that she is expecting, you mean that she is pregnant.
  [V n] She was expecting another baby...
  I hear Dawn's expecting again.
 6) PHRASE: PHR that, PHR so/not You say `I expect' to suggest that a statement is probably correct, or a natural consequence of the present situation, although you have no definite knowledge. [SPOKEN]
  I expect you can guess what follows...
  I expect you're tired...
  `Will Joe be here at Christmas?' - `I expect so.'...
  `I don't think you have much of a case.' - `I expect not.'
 7) PHRASE (emphasis) You can say `What can you expect?' or `What do you expect?' to emphasize that there is nothing surprising about a situation or a person's behaviour, especially if you find this disappointing. [SPOKEN]
  It tastes artificial, but at that price what can you expect?...
  If a guy hunts and owns guns, what do you expect?

 

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

expect

 

ex·pect /ɪkˈspɛkt/ verb -pects; -pect·ed; -pect·ing
1 [+ obj] : to think that something will probably or certainly happen
• We expect (that) the economy will improve. = We expect the economy to improve.
• As expected, the election was very close.
• Costs have been higher than expected. = Costs have been higher than they were expected to be.
• It's expected that the new products will be available next month.
• Prices are expected to rise.
• He's opposed to the new law, as you might expect.
• I expect (that) she won't like the news.
• We were half/fully expecting [=we thought there was a reasonable/good chance] that the game would be canceled.
• Good things sometimes happen when you least expect them.
- often followed by to + verb
• She expects to go to college.
• I expect to do well on the exam.
• Who do you expect to win? = Who do you expect will win?
2 [+ obj] : to think that (someone or something) will arrive or that (something) will happen
• We expect them (to arrive) any minute now.
• We expect rain tomorrow. = We expect it to rain tomorrow.
• I'll expect your letter (to arrive) next week.
• I'm expecting a phone call.
• The expected delivery date is next month.
3 [+ obj] : to consider (something) to be reasonable, required, or necessary
• He's a teacher who expects hard work from his students.
• Her latest film lacks the quality that we've come to expect (from her).
• We expected more from/of you.
• This is not the kind of behavior I expected of you.
• He expects a great deal from/of himself and from/of other people.
• I don't think it's too much to expect that you should get to work on time.
• The supplier expects to be paid on time.
• We expect you to pay your debts.
• “England expects every man to do his duty.” Lord Nelson (1805) -
4 always used in progressive tenses [no obj] : to be pregnant
• She's expecting. : to be due to give birth
• She's expecting next month. [=she will probably give birth next month; her baby will probably be born next month]
5 [+ obj] informal : to suppose or think - usually used after I
I expect [=guess] that these problems occur in other places too.
• She feels the same way, I expect.
• “Does she feel the same way?” “I expect so/not.”
- ex·pect·able /ɪkˈspɛktəbəl/ adj [more ~; most ~]
• an expectable [=predictable] reaction

in the air

in the air [idiom]

When something is in the air you can feel it and you know it is happening or will happen soon.

 

Example: 

look at the new boss and all his plans. Change is in the air.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

4 be in the air

a) if a feeling is in the air, a lot of people feel it at the same time :
There was a sense of excitement in the air.
b) to be going to happen very soon :
Change is in the air.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

in the ˈair

felt by a number of people to exist or to be happening There's romance in the air.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 9th edition © Oxford University Press, 2015

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

in the air

If something is in the air, you feel that it is happening or about to happen:

Love/Change/Spring is in the air.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
© Cambridge University Press 2013

eat sb alive

eat sb alive [idiom]

[usually passive] (of insects, etc.) to bite somebody many times: I was being eaten alive by mosquitoes.

Usage: 
نیش زدن - قورت دادن
Example: 

I was being eaten alive by mosquitoes.

 

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

eat somebody alive/eat somebody for breakfast

to be very angry with someone or to defeat them completely:

You can't tell him that - he'll eat you alive!

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

eat somebody aˈlive (informal)
1 to criticize or punish somebody severely because you are extremely angry with them: He’ll eat you alive if he ever finds out.

2 to defeat somebody completely in an argument, a competition, etc: The defence lawyers are going to eat you alive tomorrow.

3 [usually passive] (of insects, etc.) to bite somebody many times: I was being eaten alive by mosquitoes.

 

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 9th edition © Oxford University Press, 2015

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

eat sb alive

to criticize someone very angrily:

If we get our facts wrong we'll be eaten alive by the press.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
© Cambridge University Press 2013

clear the air

clear the air [idiom]

discussing something to remove bad feelings and misunderstanding between people

 

clear the air - برطرف کردن سوء تفاهم
Example: 

He finally cleared the air by saying that she was late just because of traffic and she didn’t mean to disrespect the rules.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

clear the air  

to do something to end an argument or bad situation, for example discuss a problem calmly

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

clear the air

C2 to remove the bad feelings between people:  
I had a massive argument with Sue, but at least it has cleared the air.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
©Cambridge University Press 2013

pride

pride [noun] (SATISFACTION)

A feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good

US /praɪd/ 
UK /praɪd/ 
Example: 

She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the award.

آهنگ وترانه: 
You Are The Reason - Chris De Burgh

Oxford Essential Dictionary

pride

 noun (no plural)

1 the feeling that you are proud of something that you or others have got or have done:
She showed us her painting with great pride.

2 the feeling that you are better than other people

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

pride

I. pride1 S3 W3 /praɪd/ BrE AmE noun
[Language: Old English; Origin: pryde, from prud 'proud']
1. FEELING OF PLEASURE [uncountable] a feeling that you are proud of something that you or someone connected with you has achieved ⇨ proud:
He wore his medals with pride.
pride in
He takes great pride in his children’s achievements.
The people have a sense of pride in their community.
His heart swelled with pride when his daughter came in.
She felt a glow of pride when her name was announced for the prize.
Success in sport is a source of national pride.
2. RESPECT [uncountable] a feeling that you like and respect yourself and that you deserve to be respected by other people ⇨ proud
sb’s pride
It hurt his pride when his wife left him.
I think that getting a job would give him his pride back.
She didn’t try to hide her anger and injured pride.
It’s a matter of pride for some men that their wives don’t have to work.
3. TOO MUCH PRIDE [uncountable] a belief that you are better than other people and do not need their help or support ⇨ proud
sb’s pride
His pride wouldn’t allow him to ask for help.
She ought to swallow her pride (=ignore or forget her feelings of pride) and call him.
4. take pride in your work/appearance etc to do something very carefully and well, in a way that gives you a lot of satisfaction:
Your should take more pride in your work.
She took great pride in her appearance.
5. sb’s pride and joy a person or thing that someone is very proud of:
His garden is his pride and joy.
6. the pride of something
a) the thing or person that the people in a particular place are most proud of:
Wigan’s rugby team was the pride of the town.
b) the best thing in a group:
a beautiful Japanese sword that is the pride of our collection
7. have/take pride of place if something has or takes pride of place, it is put in the best place for people to see because it is the thing you are most proud of:
A large photograph of the children had pride of place on the sitting room wall.
8. LIONS [countable] a group of lions:
A young lion had strayed some distance from the pride.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ adjectives
great pride Caroline is pictured here holding the trophy with great pride.
immense pride (=very great) He takes immense pride in his grandson.
national pride (=pride in your country) A flag is a symbol of national pride.
civic pride (=pride in your town or city) The museum is a vital source of civic pride.
■ verbs
take pride in something (=feel proud of something) She takes pride in her beautiful gardens.
be bursting with pride (=feel very proud) I could see that her mother was bursting with pride.
swell with pride (=start to feel very proud) He would swell with pride as he discussed his department’s achievements.
glow with pride (=look very proud) ‘I knew he could do it,’ she said, glowing with pride.
■ phrases
a sense of pride I still feel a sense of pride at having been a member of the regiment.
a source of pride (=a reason to feel proud) The Chinese Olympic Games were a source of pride to the whole country.
• • •
THESAURUS
satisfaction a feeling of happiness or pleasure, especially because you have achieved something good or useful: Most teachers take great pride and satisfaction in their work.
pride a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get when you or someone connected with you has achieved something good: Her father’s pride in her accomplishments was clear. | I was blushing with pride because I had been chosen to be on the team.
contentment the feeling of being happy and satisfied because you have what you want or need. Contentment is rather a formal use: Only when you truly know yourself can you find contentment. | He sat back with a look of deep contentment on his face.
fulfilment British English, fulfillment American English a feeling of being satisfied and happy with your life. Fulfilment is rather a formal use: Some women find fulfillment in being a mother, but this is not true for all women.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

pride

pride [pride prides prided priding] noun, verb   [praɪd]    [praɪd]

noun  

PLEASURE/SATISFACTION
1. uncountable, singular a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction that you get when you or people who are connected with you have done sth well or own sth that other people admire
The sight of her son graduating filled her with pride.
He felt a glow of pride as people stopped to admire his garden.
~ (in sth) I take (a) pride in my work.
~ (in doing sth) We take great pride in offering the best service in town.
I looked with pride at what I had achieved.

• Success in sport is a source of national pride.

2. singular the ~ of sth a person or thing that gives people a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction

• The new sports stadium is the pride of the town.  

RESPECT FOR YOURSELF

3. uncountable the feeling of respect that you have for yourself
Pride would not allow him to accept the money.
Her pride was hurt.
Losing his job was a real blow to his pride.

• It's time to swallow your pride (= hide your feelings of pride) and ask for your job back.

4. uncountable (disapproving) the feeling that you are better or more important than other people
• Male pride forced him to suffer in silence.

see also  proud  

LIONS

5. countable + singular or plural verb a group of lions 
Word Origin:
late Old English prȳde ‘excessive self-esteem’, variant of prȳtu, prȳte, from prūd ‘having a high opinion of one's own worth’, from Old French prud ‘valiant’, based on Latin prodesse ‘be of value’.  
Thesaurus:
pride noun
1. U, sing.
We take great pride in our nation's success in sport.
satisfactionhappinesscontentment|BrE fulfilment|AmE fulfillment
Opp: shame
pride/satisfaction/happiness/contentment/fulfilment in sth
bring sb pride/satisfaction/happiness/contentment/fulfilment
take pride/satisfaction in sth
2. U
I'm sorry if I hurt your pride.
dignityself-esteemself-respectfeelings|sometimes disapproving ego
injured/personal pride/dignity/self-esteem/feelings
hurt sb's pride/feelings
restore sb's pride/dignity/self-esteem/self-respect
3. U (disapproving)
Male pride forced him to suffer in silence.
egoismvanityarrogance|especially written conceit|literary hubris
Opp: humility, Opp: modesty
appeal to sb's pride/vanity 
Synonyms:
satisfaction
happiness pride contentment fulfilment
These are all words for the good feeling that you have when you are happy or when you have achieved sth.
satisfactionthe good feeling that you have when you have achieved sth or when sth that you wanted to happen does happen: He derived great satisfaction from knowing that his son was happy.
happinessthe good feeling that you have when you are happy: Money can't buy you happiness.
pridea feeling of pleasure or satisfaction that you get when you or people who are connected with you have done sth well or own sth that other people admire: The sight of her son graduating filled her with pride.
contentment(rather formal) a feeling of happiness or satisfaction with what you have: They found contentment in living a simple life.
fulfilmenta feeling of happiness or satisfaction with what you do or have done: her search for personal fulfilment
satisfaction, happiness, contentment or fulfilment?
You can feel satisfaction at achieving almost anything, small or large; you feel fulfilment when you do sth useful and enjoyable with your life. Happiness is the feeling you have when things give you pleasure and can be quite a lively feeling; contentment is a quieter feeling that you get when you have learned to find pleasure in things.
satisfaction/happiness/pride/contentment/fulfilment in sth
real satisfaction/happiness/pride/contentment/fulfilment
true satisfaction/happiness/contentment/fulfilment
great satisfaction/happiness/pride
quiet satisfaction/pride/contentment
to feel satisfaction/happiness/pride/contentment
to bring sb satisfaction/happiness/pride/contentment/fulfilment
to find satisfaction/happiness/contentment/fulfilment 
Example Bank:
Businesses rushed to include images of patriotic pride in their marketing.
He smiled with fatherly pride.
He swelled with pride as he held the trophy.
He was nursing his hurt pride.
His masculine pride would not let him admit that a girl had defeated him.
I didn't mean to hurt your pride.
I don't want your money— I have my pride, you know!
I wear my policeman's uniform with pride.
It is a matter of pride for him that he has never accepted money from his family.
It was foolish pride that prevented me from believing her.
It would be stupid to refuse through pride.
She expressed pride in her child's achievement.
She refused his offer tactfully, allowing him to go away with his pride intact.
She refused their help out of pride.
She swallowed her pride and called him.
She takes great pride in her work.
She took justifiable pride in her son's achievements.
Their reputation for fairness is a matter for pride.
They have a fierce pride in their traditions.
They have a strong sense of pride in their work.
They managed to salvage some pride with a late goal.
We want to restore pride in our public services.
the politics of racial pride and Black Power
He loves that boat, it's his pride and joy.
His pride would not allow him to admit she was right.
I take (a) pride in my work.
I'm sorry if I hurt your pride.
It's time to swallow your pride and ask for help.
She was conceited, haughty and full of pride and arrogance.
What's wrong— did I hurt your macho pride?
You're going to have to swallow your pride and ask for your job back.
Idioms: pride goes before a fall  pride of place  somebody's pride and joy

Derived: pride yourself on on doing something 

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition
 

pride / praɪd / noun (SATISFACTION)

B2 [ U ] a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good:

She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the award.

He felt such pride walking his little daughter down the street.

→  See also proud adjective (SATISFIED)

take pride in sth/sb to feel very pleased about something or someone you are closely connected with:

If you don't take professional pride in your work, you're probably in the wrong job.
 

pride / praɪd / noun [ U ] (RESPECT FOR YOURSELF)

B2 your feelings of your own worth and respect for yourself:

She has too much pride to accept any help.

The country's national pride has been damaged by its sporting failures.

 

pride / praɪd / noun [ U ] disapproving (FEELING OF IMPORTANCE)

the belief that you are better or more important than other people:

Pride was his downfall.

→  See also proud adjective (FEELING IMPORTANT)

 

pride / praɪd / noun [ C ] (LIONS)

a group of lions

© Cambridge University Press 2013

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

pride

/praɪd/
(prides, priding, prided)

Frequency: The word is one of the 3000 most common words in English.

1.
Pride is a feeling of satisfaction which you have because you or people close to you have done something good or possess something good.
...the sense of pride in a job well done...
We take pride in offering you the highest standards...
They can look back on their endeavours with pride.
N-UNCOUNT: oft N in n/-ing

2.
Pride is a sense of the respect that other people have for you, and that you have for yourself.
It was a severe blow to Kendall’s pride.
= self-esteem
N-UNCOUNT

3.
Someone’s pride is the feeling that they have that they are better or more important than other people.
His pride may still be his downfall.
= arrogance
N-UNCOUNT [disapproval]

4.
If you pride yourself on a quality or skill that you have, you are very proud of it.
Smith prides himself on being able to organise his own life...
VERB: V pron-refl on -ing/n

5.
Someone or something that is your pride and joy is very important to you and makes you feel very happy.
The bike soon became his pride and joy.
PHRASE: v-link PHR

6.
If something takes pride of place, it is treated as the most important thing in a group of things.
A three-foot-high silver World Championship cup takes pride of place near a carved wooden chair...
PHRASE: PHR after v

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary: 

1pride /ˈpraɪd/ noun, pl prides
1 [noncount]
a : a feeling that you respect yourself and deserve to be respected by other people : self-respect
• Being able to work again gave him his pride back.
• Getting caught cheating stripped him of his pride.
Pride would not allow her to give up.
• It's a matter of pride that he does the work all by himself.
b : a feeling that you are more important or better than other people
• The novel is about a family consumed with pride and vanity.
• They needed help, but their pride wouldn't let them ask for it.
• I had to swallow my pride and admit I made a mistake.
2 a : a feeling of happiness that you get when you or someone you know does something good, difficult, etc.

[noncount]

• The sight of her son holding the trophy filled her with pride. [=made her very proud]
• She spoke with pride [=she spoke proudly] about her son's achievements.
• She looked at her painting with pride. [=satisfaction]
• He takes pride in [=is proud of] his work.

[singular]

• He showed a great/immense pride in his family.
b [singular] : a person or thing that makes you feel proud
• These young people are the pride of their community.
3 [count] : a group of lions
pride and joy : someone or something that makes you very proud and happy
• Our children are our pride and joy.
• The car is his pride and joy.
pride of place : the highest position or best place
• The Nobel Prize winner was given pride of place at the conference.
• The statue has pride of place in the center of town.
• A picture of their children took pride of place on the wall.
- pride·ful /ˈpraɪdfəl/ adj [more ~; most ~] US
• a prideful [=proud] parent
• He was too prideful to accept their help.
- pride·ful·ly adv US

Pages

Subscribe to RSS - B2 (Upper-intermediate)