British English

why

why [noun]

the whys and (the) wherefores

the reasons for something

/waɪ/

سبب‌، علت‌، دليل‌ (اينكه‌)

Example:

This is why I am going.

علت‌ رفتن‌ من‌ اين‌ است‌.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

III. why³ BrE AmE noun
the whys and (the) wherefores the reasons or explanations for something:
The whys and the wherefores of these procedures need to be explained.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

3. used to give or talk about a reason
• That's why I left so early.
• I know you did it— I just want to know why.
• The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
Word Origin:
Old English hwī, hwȳ ‘by what cause’, instrumental case of hwæt ‘what’, of Germanic origin.

Idioms: why ever ▪ why not? ▪ whys and wherefores

exclamation (old-fashioned or NAmE) used to express surprise, lack of patience, etc.
• Why Jane, it's you!
• Why, it's easy— a child could do it!
Word Origin:
Old English hwī, hwȳ ‘by what cause’, instrumental case of hwæt ‘what’, of Germanic origin.

noun
Word Origin:
Old English hwī, hwȳ ‘by what cause’, instrumental case of hwæt ‘what’, of Germanic origin.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

why / waɪ / noun

the whys and (the) wherefores the reasons for something:

I know very little about the whys and the wherefores of the situation.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

why

[(h)wa͟ɪ]
♦
(The conjunction and the pronoun are usually pronounced [(h)waɪ].)
1) QUEST You use why in questions when you ask about the reasons for something.
  Why hasn't he brought the whisky?...
  Why didn't he stop me?...
  Why can't I remember the exact year we married?...
  `I just want to see him.' - `Why?'...
  Why should I leave?
2) CONJ-SUBORD You use why at the beginning of a clause in which you talk about the reasons for something.
  He still could not throw any further light on why the elevator could have become jammed...
  Experts wonder why the US government is not taking similarly strong actions against AIDS in this country...
  I can't understand why they don't want us.
ADV: ADV after v, be ADV
Why is also an adverb. I don't know why... It's obvious why... Here's why.
3) PRON-REL You use why to introduce a relative clause after the word `reason'.
  There's a reason why women don't read this stuff; it's not funny...
  Unless you're ill, there's no reason why you can't get those 15 minutes of walking in daily.
ADV: n ADV
Why is also an adverb. He confirmed that the city had been closed to foreigners, but gave no reason why.
4) QUEST You use why with `not' in questions in order to introduce a suggestion.
  Why not give Claire a call?...
  Why don't you come home with me until you sort things out?...
  Why don't we talk it through?
5) QUEST (feelings) You use why with `not' in questions in order to express your annoyance or anger.
  Why don't you look where you're going?...
  Why don't they just leave it alone?
6) CONVENTION (formulae) You say why not in order to agree with what someone has suggested.
  `Want to spend the afternoon with me?' - `Why not?'...
  `Shall I tell them about poor Mrs Blair?' - `Why not?'
7) EXCLAM (feelings) People say `Why!' at the beginning of a sentence when they are surprised, shocked, or angry. [mainly AM]
  Why hello, Tom...
  Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup...
  Why, I wouldn't give the end off one of my fingers for all the money you've got!
8) the whys and wherefores → see wherefores

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

³why noun
the whys and (the) wherefores : the reasons for something
• She explained the whys and the wherefores of the sudden price increase.

responsibility

responsibility [noun] (DUTY)

[C or U] something that it is your job or duty to deal with

/rɪˌspɑːn.səˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/

/rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ə.ti/

مسئوليت‌، وظيفه‌

Example:

He does not accept any responsibility.

او هيچگونه‌ مسئوليتى‌ را قبول‌ نمى‌كند.‏

Oxford Essential Dictionary

responsibility

noun
a duty to deal with or take care of somebody or something, so that it is your fault if something goes wrong:
Who has responsibility for the new students?
The dog is my brother's responsibility.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

responsibility

re‧spon‧si‧bil‧i‧ty S2 W1 /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti, rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪləti $ rɪˌspɑːn-/ BrE AmE noun (plural responsibilities)
[Word Family: noun: ↑responsibility ≠ ↑irresponsibility; adverb: ↑responsibly ≠ ↑irresponsibly; adjective: ↑responsible ≠ ↑irresponsible]
1. [uncountable] a duty to be in charge of someone or something, so that you make decisions and can be blamed if something bad happens:
Kelly’s promotion means more money and more responsibility.
+for
The Minister has responsibility for the National Health Service.
with responsibility for something
a manager with responsibility for over 100 staff
it is sb’s responsibility to do something
It’s your responsibility to inform us of any changes.
2. [uncountable] blame for something bad that has happened:
The firm is denying all responsibility.
responsibility for
No one wants to take responsibility for the problem.
The surgeon accepted full responsibility for the error that led to her death..
So far no one has claimed responsibility (=said that they are responsible) for the bombings.
3. [countable] something that you must do as part of your job or duty:
My responsibilities include answering the phone and dealing with customer enquiries.
family/professional/parental etc responsibilities
a single parent struggling to balance work and family responsibilities
4. [countable] something that you ought to do because it is morally or socially right SYN duty
a responsibility to do something
We all have a responsibility to protect the environment.
Parents need to encourage a sense of responsibility in their children (=the ability to behave sensibly in a way that will not harm themselves or other people).
moral/social/legal etc responsibility
The company saw it as part of its social responsibility to provide education for its workers.
5. responsibility to somebody a duty to help someone because of your work or position in society:
A doctor’s first responsibility is to her patients.
6. do something on your own responsibility formal to do something without being told to do it or officially allowed to do it
⇨ ↑diminished responsibility
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 1)
■ verbs
▪ have responsibility for (doing) something The Council has responsibility for maintaining the streetlights.
▪ take responsibility for (doing) something Who do you trust to take responsibility for our country's defence?
▪ take on responsibility (also assume responsibility formal) (=start to have responsibility for something) These days men tend to take on more responsibility at home. | The government must assume greater responsibility for the care of the elderly.
▪ shoulder responsibility (=agree to start having a difficult or unpleasant duty) The city, she said, would shoulder responsibility for caring for the children.
▪ shirk responsibility (=not accept a duty you should accept) He doesn't shirk responsibility.
▪ exercise responsibility formal (=take action because you have responsibility for something) The citizens of ancient Athens met here to exercise their responsibility to govern themselves.
▪ abdicate responsibility formal (=refuse to have responsibility for something you used to have responsibility for) The state should not allow parents to abdicate responsibility for their children.
▪ the responsibility lies with somebody (=they are responsible for it) Ultimate responsibility for admissions lies with the Course Co-ordinator.
■ adjectives
▪ personal responsibility So far, no one had taken personal responsibility for the project.
▪ overall responsibility The Department of Education has overall responsibility for schools and universities.
▪ direct responsibility (=when no other person is involved) He has direct responsibility for all the programmes on Radio 1.
▪ sole responsibility (=not shared with others) The financial director has sole responsibility for financial matters.
▪ collective responsibility (=shared equally by a group of people) Head teachers should encourage a sense of collective responsibility among teachers.
▪ primary responsibility (=most important responsibility) I have primary responsibility for the children.
▪ ultimate responsibility (=responsibility for making a final decision) The National Assembly will have ultimate responsibility for ensuring that health targets are met.
■ phrases
▪ a burden of responsibility (=a lot of responsibility, that worries you) Being the only wage earner put a great burden of responsibility on my father.
▪ a position of responsibility (=a job in which people depend on you to tell them what they should do) Before the age of 21 he had attained a position of responsibility in the factory.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ verbs
▪ accept/take responsibility for something To his credit, he took responsibility for his actions.
▪ claim responsibility (for something) (=say that you are responsible for something bad) No group has yet claimed responsibility for the bombings.
▪ deny responsibility for something The company denied responsibility for the oil spillage.
▪ bear responsibility for something (=be responsible for something bad) Developed countries must bear much of the responsibility for environmental problems.
■ adjectives
▪ full responsibility The airline accepted full responsibility for the crash.
▪ personal responsibility I take personal responsibility for what went wrong.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

responsibility

re·spon·si·bil·ity [responsibility responsibilities] [rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti] [rɪˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti] noun (pl. re·spon·si·bil·ities)
1. uncountable, countable a duty to deal with or take care of sb/sth, so that you may be blamed if sth goes wrong
• ~ (for sth) We are recruiting a sales manager with responsibility for the European market.
• ~ (for doing sth) They have responsibility for ensuring that the rules are enforced.
• The responsibility for doing this rests with the department managers.
• ~ (to do sth) It is their responsibility to ensure that the rules are enforced.
• parental rights and responsibilities
• to take/assume overall responsibility for personnel
• I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities.
• to be in a position of responsibility

• I did it on my own responsibility (= without being told to and being willing to take the blame if it had gone wrong).

2. uncountable ~ (for sth) blame for sth bad that has happened
• The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake.
• Nobody has claimed responsibility for the bombing.
• We must all bear some responsibility for what happened.

see also diminished responsibility

3. uncountable, countable a duty to help or take care of sb because of your job, position, etc
• ~ (to/towards sb) She feels a strong sense of responsibility towards her employees.
• ~ (to do sth) I think we have a moral responsibility to help these countries.
Thesaurus:
responsibility noun
1. U, C
• It is their responsibility to see that the rules are enforced.
duty • • charge • • burden • • obligation • • commitment • |informal job • |formal accountability • |especially business law liability •
a responsibility/duty towards sb
responsibility/accountability/liability for sth
have a responsibility/a duty/charge/an obligation/a commitment/the job/liability
accept responsibility/a duty/the burden/an obligation/liability
2. U
• The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the error.
fault • • blame • • guilt •
the responsibility/blame/guilt for sth
bear/accept/share/absolve sb from/shift the responsibility/blame/guilt
the responsibility/blame/fault lies/rests with sb
Responsibility or fault? People typically accept/share/admit/claim/deny responsibility for sth: ¤ The bank refuses to accept fault for the error. Fault is usually used in the phrases my/your/his/her/our/their/sb's (own) fault or sb is at fault:
• It was her fault that we were late.
¤ It was her responsibility that we were late.
Example Bank:
• Full responsibility for the fiasco lies with the PR department.
• Governors carry a special burden of responsibility.
• He attributed responsibility for the killing to the secret service.
• He feels a responsibility to his community.
• He feels a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
• He seems unwilling to face up to his responsibilities as a father.
• He was found not guilty of murder on the grounds of diminished responsibility.
• I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities.
• It is a great responsibility caring for other people's children.
• No organization has yet claimed responsibility for the bomb attack.
• Responsibility is devolved down to the people who are affected.
• She has responsibility for public spending.
• She juggled the competing responsibilities of family and work.
• The assistants were handling their responsibilities in the only way they could.
• The club has a responsibility to its members.
• The government of the time placed responsibility for the poor on the Church.
• The heads of school departments have particular responsibilities for the curriculum.
• The sergeant assumed his command responsibilities.
• They wanted to shift responsibility for the failure onto their employees.
• Ultimate responsibility rests with the president.
• We retain all responsibility for any shortcomings.
• What are the main responsibilities in your job?
• Will you take responsibility for arranging the food?
• With great power comes great responsibility.
• an obligation to meet family responsibilities
• devolving responsibility downwards so decisions are taken nearer to the people they will affect
• people on the verge of assuming adult responsibilities
• to shift legal responsibility for the correct labelling of goods onto the shopkeeper

• I'm not ready to be in a position of responsibility.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

responsibility / rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti / / -ˌspɑːn.səˈbɪl.ə.t̬i / noun (DUTY)

B2 [ C or U ] something that it is your job or duty to deal with:

[ + to infinitive ] It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.

She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.

have responsibility to be in a position of authority over someone and to have a duty to make certain that particular things are done:

Who has responsibility here?

Jenny, you have responsibility for clear ing up the room after the class.

have a responsibility to sb to have a duty to work for or help someone who is in a position of authority over you:

The company says it cannot cut its prices any more because it has a responsibility to its shareholders.

Word partners for responsibility (DUTY)

have a responsibility • responsibility falls on sb • share responsibility • abdicate / avoid / shirk responsibility • a big / heavy / huge responsibility

Word partners for responsibility (BLAME)

accept / bear / shoulder / take responsibility • admit / claim responsibility • full / total responsibility • responsibility for sth

responsibility / rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti / / -ˌspɑːn.səˈbɪl.ə.t̬i / noun [ U ] (BLAME)

B2 blame for something that has happened:

Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack.

The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.

Word partners for responsibility (DUTY)

have a responsibility • responsibility falls on sb • share responsibility • abdicate / avoid / shirk responsibility • a big / heavy / huge responsibility

Word partners for responsibility (BLAME)

accept / bear / shoulder / take responsibility • admit / claim responsibility • full / total responsibility • responsibility for sth

responsibility / rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti / / -ˌspɑːn.səˈbɪl.ə.t̬i / noun [ U ] (GOOD JUDGMENT)

good judgment and the ability to act correctly and make decisions on your own:

He has no sense of responsibility.

The job carries a lot of responsibility (= it involves making important decisions) .

Word partners for responsibility (DUTY)

have a responsibility • responsibility falls on sb • share responsibility • abdicate / avoid / shirk responsibility • a big / heavy / huge responsibility

Word partners for responsibility (BLAME)

accept / bear / shoulder / take responsibility • admit / claim responsibility • full / total responsibility • responsibility for sth

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

responsibility

[rɪspɒ̱nsɪbɪ̱lɪti]
♦♦
responsibilities
1) N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n/-ing If you have responsibility for something or someone, or if they are your responsibility, it is your job or duty to deal with them and to take decisions relating to them.
  Each manager had responsibility for just under 600 properties...
  We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health...
  `She's not your responsibility,' he said gently.
2) N-UNCOUNT: oft N for n If you accept responsibility for something that has happened, you agree that you were to blame for it or you caused it.
  British Rail has admitted responsibility for the accident...
  Someone had to give orders and take responsibility for mistakes.
3) N-PLURAL: usu with supp Your responsibilities are the duties that you have because of your job or position.
  I am told that he handled his responsibilities as a counselor in a highly intelligent and caring fashion.
  ...programmes to help employees balance work and family responsibilities.
4) N-UNCOUNT If someone is given responsibility, they are given the right or opportunity to make important decisions or to take action without having to get permission from anyone else.
  She would have loved to have a better-paying job with more responsibility...
  Carrington held a position of responsibility within the government.
5) N-SING: usu N to-inf If you think that you have a responsibility to do something, you feel that you ought to do it because it is morally right to do it.
  The court feels it has a responsibility to ensure that customers are not misled...
  As parents we have a responsibility to give our children a sense of belonging.
  Syn:
  duty
6) N-SING: N to/towards n If you think that you have a responsibility to someone, you feel that it is your duty to take action that will protect their interests.
  She had decided that as a doctor she had a responsibility to her fellow creatures.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

responsibility

re·spon·si·bil·i·ty /rɪˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/ noun, pl -ties
1 [noncount] : the state of being the person who caused something to happen
• He accepted full responsibility for the accident. [=he admitted that the accident was his fault]
• The boys denied any responsibility for the damage to the fence.
• A terrorist group has claimed responsibility for the bombing.
2 a : a duty or task that you are required or expected to do

[count]

• The janitor has many responsibilities.
• Mowing the lawn is your responsibility.
• She has to deal with a lot of family and work responsibilities.
• It is your responsibility to give the company two weeks notice if you decide to leave.
• A teacher's most important responsibility is to help her students. = A teacher's first responsibility is to/toward her students.

[noncount]

• In her new position, she will have much more responsibility.
b [count] : something that you should do because it is morally right, legally required, etc.
• We have a responsibility to protect the environment.
• The government's responsibility is to serve the public.
3 [noncount] : the state of having the job or duty of dealing with and taking care of something or someone
• The principal has responsibility for 450 students and a staff of 35.
4 [noncount] : the quality of a person who can be trusted to do what is expected, required, etc.
• She is completely lacking in responsibility.
• The boy developed a sense of responsibility with his first job.
on your own responsibility
✦To do something on your own responsibility is to do it without being told to and to accept the blame if it has a bad result.
• He changed the schedule on his own responsibility.

American English

British English

duty - obligation and responsibility

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

responsibility

noun

holiday

holiday [noun]

[C or U] UK (UK informal holidays , UK informal hols , US vacation ) a time, often one or two weeks, when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what they want, such as travel or relax

/ˈhɑː.lə.deɪ/

/ˈhɒl.ə.deɪ/

تعطيلى‌، (روز) تعطيل‌

Example:

summer holidays

تعطيلات‌ تابستان‌

Oxford Essential Dictionary

holiday

noun

1 (British) (American vacation) a time when you do not go to work or school, and often go and stay away from home:
The school holidays start next week.
We're going to the coast for our summer holiday.
Mrs Smith isn't here this week. She's on holiday.

2 a day when most people do not go to work or school, especially because of a religious or national celebration:
Next Monday is a holiday.

culture
A day when everybody has a holiday is called a public holiday in Britain and the US. In Britain it is also called a bank holiday.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

holiday

I. hol‧i‧day¹ S1 W2 /ˈhɒlədi, ˈhɒlɪdi, -deɪ $ ˈhɑːlədeɪ/ BrE AmE noun
[Language: Old English; Origin: haligdæg 'holy day']
1. [uncountable and countable] British English (also holidays) a time of rest from work, school etc SYN vacation American English:
The school holidays start tomorrow.
on holiday
I’m away on holiday until the 1st of June.
in the holidays
He came to stay with us in the school holidays.
holiday from
a holiday from her usual responsibilities
REGISTER
In everyday British English, when someone is temporarily away from their work or studies, people often say they are off, rather than on holiday. Note, however, that off can also mean that someone is away from their work or studies because they are sick:
▪ ‘Where’s Kate?’ ‘She’s off this week.’
2. [uncountable and countable] British English (also holidays) a period of time when you travel to another place for pleasure SYN vacation American English:
We’re going to Spain for our holidays.
on holiday
He caught malaria while on holiday in Africa.
I haven’t had a proper holiday for two years.
3. [countable] a day fixed by law on which people do not have to go to work or school:
The 4th of July is a national holiday in the US.
4. the holiday season (also the holidays)
a) American English the period between Thanksgiving and New Year
b) British English the period in the summer when most people take a holiday
⇨ ↑bank holiday, ↑public holiday
• • •
GRAMMAR
Holidays is usually used after 'the', 'my', 'your' etc when it refers to a single period when you are travelling or are not working or studying:
▪ Soon it will be the holidays.
▪ Where do you want to go for your holidays?
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meanings 1 & 2)
■ verbs
▪ go on holiday The children were excited about going on holiday.
▪ have/take a holiday Teachers cannot take holidays during term time.
▪ book a holiday I booked the holiday online.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + holiday
▪ a skiing/camping/walking etc holiday They went on a camping holiday in France.
▪ a package holiday (=a holiday in which you pay a price that includes travel, room, and food) The company organizes package holidays to Spain and Greece.
▪ a summer holiday They were going to a house on the coast for their summer holidays.
▪ a winter holiday Why not try a winter holiday for a change?
▪ a family holiday I first visited Orkney on a family holiday when I was a boy.
▪ an annual holiday (=a holiday you take every year) We were getting ready for our annual holiday in Cornwall.
▪ your dream holiday (=the best holiday you can imagine) They won a dream holiday for two to the Caribbean.
■ holiday + NOUN
▪ a holiday resort (=a place with many hotels where a lot of people go on holiday) a holiday resort in Spain
▪ a holiday destination (=a town or country where a lot of people go on holiday) Marmaris is one of Turkey's most popular holiday destinations.
▪ a holiday brochure (=a magazine that shows what holidays you can take) We were looking through holiday brochures thinking about the summer.
▪ holiday photos (also holiday snaps informal) (=photographs that you take when you are on holiday) Do you want to see our holiday snaps?
▪ a holiday romance (=a brief romantic relationship with someone you meet on holiday) It was just a holiday romance; I never saw him again.
▪ a holiday abroad (=a holiday in a country other than the one you live in) They were planning a holiday abroad that year.
■ phrases
▪ the holiday of a lifetime (=a very good or expensive holiday that you will only take once) We took the family on a holiday of a lifetime to Orlando, Florida.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ vacation especially American English, holiday especially British English time you spend away from school or work: Are you taking a vacation this summer? | We met on holiday in Cyprus. | What are you doing in the school holidays?
▪ holiday a day that is set by law, when no one has to go to work or school: the Thanksgiving holiday | New Year's Day is a national holiday. | In 2002, there was an extra public holiday to mark the Queen's golden jubilee. | the August bank holiday (=day when all the banks and shops are closed – used in British English)
▪ break a time when you stop working or studying in order to rest, or a short vacation from school: a ten-minute coffee break | Lots of college kids come to the beaches during the spring break.
▪ leave a time when you are allowed not to work: We get four weeks' annual leave (=paid time off work each year). | He has been taking a lot of sick leave (=time off work because you are ill) recently. | Angela is on maternity leave (= time off work when having a baby). | He was given compassionate leave (=time off work because someone close to you has died, is very ill etc) to go to his father's funeral.
▪ sabbatical [usually singular] a period when someone, especially a teacher, stops doing their usual work in order to study or travel: She was on sabbatical for six months. | I'm thinking of taking a sabbatical.
▪ furlough a period of time when a soldier or someone working in another country can return to their own country as a holiday: While on furlough, he and his girlfriend got married.
▪ R & R (rest and relaxation) a holiday, especially one given to people in the army, navy etc after a long period of hard work or during a war: Soldiers in Vietnam were taken to Hawaii for R & R.
II. holiday² BrE AmE verb [intransitive]
British English to spend your holiday in a place – used especially in news reports SYN vacation American English
holiday in/at
They’re holidaying in Majorca.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

holiday

holi·day [holiday holidays holidayed holidaying] noun, verb [ˈhɒlədeɪ] [ˈhɒlədi] [ˈhɑːlədeɪ]

noun
1. uncountable (also holidays plural) (both BrE) (NAmE vac·ation) a period of time when you are not at work or school
• the school/summer/Christmas, etc. holidays
• I'm afraid Mr Walsh is away on holiday this week.
• The package includes 20 days' paid holiday a year.
• holiday pay

• a holiday job (= done by students during the school holidays)

2. countable (BrE) (NAmE vac·ation) a period of time spent travelling or resting away from home
• a camping/skiing/walking, etc. holiday
• an adventure holiday
• a family holiday
• a foreign holiday
• a holiday cottage/home/resort
• the holiday industry
• a holiday romance
• Where are you going for your holidays this year?
• a two-week holiday in the sun
• They met while on holiday in Greece.
• We went on holiday together last summer.
• I haven't had a decent holiday for years.

see also busman's holiday, package tour

3. countable a day when most people do not go to work or school, especially because of a religious or national celebration
• a national holiday
• Today is a holiday in Wales.

see also bank holiday, public holiday

4. holidays plural (NAmE) the time in December and early January that includes Christmas, Hanukkah and New Year
• Happy Holidays!
Word Origin:
Old English hāligdæg ‘holy day’.
Culture:
holidays and vacations
Holiday in American English means a day that is special for some reason. Most people do not go to work on an important holiday, but may do so on a minor one. Few people have to work on federal (= national) holidays such as New Year's Day or Independence Day, though they may celebrate St Valentine's Day or Groundhog Day but still go to work or school. Apart from the main federal holidays each state decides its own holidays. The period from Thanksgiving to the end of the year when there are several important holidays is called the holiday season or simply the holidays (e.g. Stores are getting ready for the holiday season.). In British English, special days like New Year’s Day are called bank holidays or public holidays.
Holiday in British English also means a period of time spent away from work or school, usually of a week or longer. This is called a vacation in American English. So, the period of several weeks around Christmas when schools are closed is called the Christmas holiday in Britain and the Christmas vacation in the US.
Holiday and vacation are also used to refer to the period when people go away for a time to a beach resort or to the country, or go travelling. British people have about four weeks’ paid leave from their jobs. Most take their main holiday in the summer. People without children of school age often go on holiday in the off season when prices are lower and there are fewer other holidaymakers. Some people stay in Britain for their holiday, but many rent a cottage in the country or go to beach resorts in Europe for one or two weeks. Some travel to the US or visit India, the Far East and other parts of the world. Many British people going abroad buy package holidays sold on the Internet or through high-street travel agents, which include transport, accommodation and sometimes excursions in the price. Some people see their holidays as an opportunity to relax in the sun, but others prefer activity holidays during which they can visit famous buildings or go walking in the countryside. A few go to a holiday centre, often called a holiday village, which provides entertainment for all the family. People often arrange their holiday a long time in advance and look forward to it through the winter. Many people also have a short break, usually three or four days, e.g. at a country cottage in Britain or in a European city.
Americans have less paid vacation, typically two weeks. People with important jobs or who have worked in their company for many years may have longer vacations. People with low-paid jobs in shops, fast food restaurants, etc, often have no paid vacation at all.
The typical family vacation in the US involves driving to a destination within the country. Some people visit relatives or go sightseeing in cities like Washington, DC, or New York. The national parks, like Yellowstone National Park or the Grand Canyon, are also popular, and people sometimes rent a cabin (BrE cottage) in the country. Families often go to amusement parks like Disney World in Florida. People who do not drive usually fly to a place as air fares are relatively cheap. Package tours are not very common and most Americans arrange their transport and accommodation separately.
Many Americans have not been on vacation outside North America. However, Europe has always been a popular destination for people wanting to travel further, and trips to South America and the Far East are increasingly common, especially with younger travellers. Cruises (= journeys by ship, visiting different places) to the Caribbean or Alaska have also become very popular.
Thesaurus:
holiday noun
1. U
• She's on holiday this week.
leave • • break • • time off • • day off • |BrE holidays • |AmE vacation •
during the holidays/break/vacation
be on holiday/leave/vacation
(the) summer/Christmas holiday/vacation
2. C (BrE)
• The neighbours are away on holiday.
break • |AmE vacation • |informal getaway •
a great/relaxing holiday/break/vacation/getaway
go/be on holiday/vacation
a week's/three-day, etc. holiday/break/vacation
British/American:
holiday / vacation
You use holiday (or holidays) in BrE and vacation in NAmE to describe the regular periods of time when you are not at work or school, or time that you spend travelling or resting away from home: ▪ I get four weeks’ holiday/vacation a year. ◊ ▪ He’s on holiday/vacation this week. ◊ ▪ I like to take my holiday/vacation in the winter. ◊ ▪ the summer holidays/vacation.
In NAmE a holiday (or a public holiday) is a single day when government offices, schools, banks and businesses are closed: ▪ The school will be closed Monday because it’s a holiday. This is called a bank holiday in BrE.
The holidays is used in NAmE to refer to the time in late December and early January that includes Christmas, Hanukkah and the New Year.
Vacation in BrE is used mainly to mean one of the periods when universities are officially closed for the students.
Collocations:
Travel and tourism
Holidays/vacations
have/take (BrE) a holiday/(NAmE) a vacation/a break/a day off/(BrE) a gap year
go on/be on holiday/vacation/leave/honeymoon/safari/a trip/a tour/a cruise/a pilgrimage
go backpacking/camping/hitchhiking/sightseeing
plan a trip/a holiday/a vacation/your itinerary
book accommodation/a hotel room/a flight/tickets
have/make/cancel a reservation/(especially BrE) booking
rent a villa/(both BrE) a holiday home/a holiday cottage
(especially BrE) hire/ (especially NAmE) rent a car/bicycle/moped
stay in a hotel/a bed and breakfast/a youth hostel/a villa/(both BrE) a holiday home/a caravan
cost/charge $100 a/per night for a single/double/twin/standard/(BrE) en suite room
check into/out of a hotel/a motel/your room
pack/unpack your suitcase/bags
call/order room service
cancel/cut short a trip/holiday/vacation
Foreign travel
apply for/get/renew a/your passport
take out/buy/get travel insurance
catch/miss your plane/train/ferry/connecting flight
fly (in)/travel in business/economy class
make/have a brief/two-day/twelve-hour stopover/(NAmE also) layover in Hong Kong
experience/cause/lead to delays
check (in)/collect/get/lose (your) (especially BrE) luggage/(especially NAmE) baggage
be charged for/pay excess baggage
board/get on/leave/get off the aircraft/plane/ship/ferry
taxi down/leave/approach/hit/overshoot the runway
experience/hit/encounter severe turbulence
suffer from/recover from/get over your jet lag/travel sickness
The tourist industry
attract/draw/bring tourists/visitors
encourage/promote/hurt tourism
promote/develop ecotourism
build/develop/visit a tourist/holiday/(especially BrE) seaside/beach/ski resort
work for/be operated by a major hotel chain
be served by/compete with low-cost/(especially NAmE) low-fare/budget airlines
book sth through/make a booking through/use a travel agent
contact/check with your travel agent/tour operator
book/be on/go on a package deal/holiday/tour
buy/bring back (tacky/overpriced) souvenirs
Example Bank:
• Have you booked your summer holiday yet?
• I go back a couple of times a year to celebrate the holidays with my family.
• I got ill and had to cancel my holiday.
• I have three weeks' holiday a year.
• I learned to windsurf on an activity holiday.
• I really need a holiday!
• I'm afraid Mr Adamek is on holiday this week.
• I'm just trying to spread a little holiday cheer.
• I'm taking the rest of my holiday in October.
• It can be difficult to keep children occupied during the long summer holidays.
• My aunt's coming to stay in the holidays.
• She had a holiday job as a gardener when she was a student.
• She spent her holiday decorating the flat.
• The centre is now closed for the Christmas holidays.
• The pool is open throughout the holiday season.
• The recession hit the package holiday business hard.
• The roads will be busy on Monday as it's a holiday weekend.
• Their holiday romance turned into a lasting relationship.
• They also have a holiday home at the seaside.
• They met while on holiday in Spain.
• This holiday season was the worst in 25 years for retailers.
• This is your chance to win the holiday of a lifetime.
• We always spend the holidays together.
• We had a disastrous camping holiday.
• We're going on holiday to France this summer.
• What would be your dream holiday?
• You are entitled to 24 days' paid holiday per year.
• You should take out holiday insurance before you leave.
• a popular seaside holiday resort
• All we could afford was a week's holiday at my parents' place.
• Book your winter holiday now.
• Choose from over 200 great holiday destinations!
• Have a fantastic holiday!
• Have you ever been on a camping holiday?
• He's never had a holiday abroad.
• How do you usually spend your holiday?
• How many days' holiday do you get a year?
• I picked up a few holiday brochures on the way home.
• I've never been one for holiday romances.
• If you win, we'll send you on a holiday of a lifetime!
• It's a popular holiday destination.
• It's the school holidays at the moment.
• Let's have a look at your holiday photos.
• Make sure you have holiday insurance.
• More and more people are taking foreign holidays.
• My assistant is on holiday this week.
• Package holidays are generally becoming less popular.
• She doesn't get any paid holiday.
• She works as a holiday rep.
• She works for a holiday company.
• The neighbours are away on holiday.
• The president's birthday was declared a national holiday.
• The town is now a bustling holiday resort.
• Today is a holiday in Scotland.
• Try us first for your best family holiday ever!
• We had to cancel our holiday at the last minute.
• We supply everything you will need for your adventure holiday.
• We're going away over the Christmas holidays.
• We're going on a skiing holiday in Austria.
• What are you going to do during the summer holidays?
• Win a dream holiday to the Bahamas.
• You are entitled to four weeks' annual holiday.

• Your holiday entitlement is 25 days a year.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

holiday / ˈhɒl.ɪ.deɪ / / ˈhɑː.lɪ- / noun

A1 [ C or U ] UK ( UK informal holidays , UK informal hols , US vacation ) a time, often one or two weeks, when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what they want, such as travel or relax:

a camping/skiing holiday

Have you decided where you're going for your holiday(s) this year?

Patricia is on holiday next week.

How many days' holiday do you get with your new job?

We thought we'd go to France for our summer holiday.

Surely the school holidays start soon.

B1 [ C ] an official day when you do not have to go to work or school:

a public holiday

St Patrick's Day is a holiday in Ireland.

Word partners for holiday

book / go on / have / take a holiday • a summer holiday • a lovely / wonderful holiday • be on holiday

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

holiday

[hɒ̱lɪdei]
♦♦
holidays, holidaying, holidayed
1) N-COUNT: also on/from N A holiday is a period of time during which you relax and enjoy yourself away from home. People sometimes refer to their holiday as their holidays. [BRIT]
  I've just come back from a holiday in the United States...
  We rang Duncan to ask where he was going on holiday...
  Ischia is a popular seaside holiday resort...
  We're going to Scotland for our holidays.(in AM, use vacation)
2) N-COUNT: usu with supp A holiday is a day when people do not go to work or school because of a religious or national festival.
→ See also bank holiday
  New Year's Day is a public holiday throughout Britain...
  He invited her to spend the Fourth of July holiday at his summer home on Fire Island...
  Bad weather has caused dozens of flight cancellations over the holiday weekend.
3) N-PLURAL: usu the N, oft n N The holidays are the time when children do not have to go to school. [BRIT]
  ...the first day of the school holidays.(in AM, use vacation)
4) N-UNCOUNT If you have a particular number of days' or weeks' holiday, you do not have to go to work for that number of days or weeks. [BRIT]
  Every worker will be entitled to four weeks' paid holiday a year.(in AM, use vacation)
5) VERB: oft cont If you are holidaying in a place away from home, you are on holiday there. [BRIT]
  [V prep/adv] Sampling the local cuisine is one of the delights of holidaying abroad...
  [V-ing] Vacant rooms on the campus were being used by holidaying families.(in AM, use vacation)

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹hol·i·day /ˈhɑːləˌdeɪ, Brit ˈh{scriptainv}lədi/ noun, pl -days
1 [count] : a special day of celebration
• a religious holiday : a day when most people do not have to work
• July 4 is a national holiday in the U.S.
• The stock market is closed tomorrow because it's a holiday.
- often used before another noun
• holiday gifts/parties
• Do you have any plans for the holiday weekend? [=a weekend that is preceded or followed by a holiday]
✦In U.S. English, the holiday season and the holidays refer to the time from November until the beginning of January during which many holidays are celebrated.
• How are you celebrating the holiday season?
• I'm looking forward to going home for the holidays.
- see also bank holiday, legal holiday
2 Brit : vacation

[noncount]

• She'll have four weeks' holiday next year.
• She spent two weeks on holiday [=(US) on vacation] in Italy.

[count]

• We're planning on taking a holiday in the Caribbean.
- often plural
• She went to the Caribbean for her holidays.
• He spent the summer holidays in Spain.

british

british [adjective]

Of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

/ˈbrɪt̬.ɪʃ/

/ˈbrɪt.ɪʃ/

بريتانيايى‌

Example:

He's got a British passport.

او پاسپورت بریتانیایی(انگلیسی) گرفته است.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

I. Brit‧ish¹ /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ BrE AmE adjective
[Language: Old English; Origin: Brettisc 'of ancient Britain', from Bret 'British person', from a Celtic language]
relating to Britain or its people:
the British government
a British-born scientist

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

British

Brit·ish [ˈbrɪtɪʃ] [ˈbrɪtɪʃ] adjective
1. (abbr. Br.) connected with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or the people who live there
• the British Government
• He was born in France but his parents are British.

• British-based/British-born/British-made

2. the British noun plural the people of the United Kingdom
Derived Word: Britishness
Word Origin:
[British Britishness] Old English Brettisc ‘relating to the ancient Britons’, from Bret ‘Briton’, from Latin Britto, or its Celtic equivalent.
More About:
the British
There is no singular noun which is commonly used to refer to a person from Britain. Instead the adjective British is used: ▪ She’s British. ◊ ▪ The British have a very odd sense of humour. The adjective English refers only to people from England, not the rest of the United Kingdom.
The noun Briton is used mainly in newspapers: ▪ The survivors of the avalanche included 12 Britons. It also describes the early inhabitants of Britain: ▪ the ancient Britons. Brit is informal and can sound negative. Britisher is now very old-fashioned.
note at Scottish
Example Bank:

• a truly British comic hero

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

British / ˈbrɪt.ɪʃ / / ˈbrɪt̬- / adjective

of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

He's got a British passport.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

British

Brit·ish /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj : of or relating to Great Britain and especially England
• British newspapers
• a British port
the British : the people of Great Britain and especially England
• talked about the British

remember

remember [verb]

To be able to bring back a piece of information into your mind, or to keep a piece of information in your memory

/rɪˈmem.bɚ/

/rɪˈmem.bər/

به یاد آوردن ، به خاطر آوردن

Example:

I don't remember my first day at school.

روز اول مدرسه ام را به یاد نمی آورم.

آهنگ وترانه:

You Are The Reason - Chris De Burgh

Oxford Essential Dictionary

remember

verb (remembers, remembering, remembered )
to keep something in your mind or bring something back into your mind:
Can you remember his name?
I remember posting the letter.
Did you remember to go to the bank?
opposite forget

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

remember

re‧mem‧ber S1 W1 /rɪˈmembə $ -ər/ BrE AmE verb
[Date: 1300-1400; Language: Old French; Origin: remembrer, from Late Latin rememorari, from Latin memor; ⇨ ↑memory]
1. THE PAST [intransitive and transitive] to have a picture or idea in your mind of people, events, places etc from the past ⇨ forget:
Do you remember Rosa Davies?
I can’t remember her exact words.
remember (that)
I remember you two couldn’t stand each other at first!
remember (somebody) doing something
I remember meeting her at a party once.
I remember my father bringing home a huge Christmas tree.
I remember it well; I’d never seen my mother so angry.
She clearly remembers the excitement as they boarded the train.
I vaguely remember reading something about it in the paper.
They had three children, if I remember rightly.
They’ve lived here for as long as I can remember.
No one got drunk as far as I can remember.
2. INFORMATION/FACTS [intransitive and transitive] to bring information or facts that you know into your mind ⇨ forget:
You left your keys on the table, remember?
I can’t remember her phone number.
remember (that)
I suddenly remembered that I’d left the stove on.
remember what/how/why etc
I called the office, but I don’t remember who I spoke to.
3. TO DO/GET SOMETHING [intransitive and transitive] to not forget something that you must do, get, or bring:
I hope he remembers the wine.
remember to do something
Remember to take your P.E. clothes to school.
4. KEEP SOMETHING IN MIND [transitive] to keep a particular fact about a situation in your mind:
Remember, processed food is usually full of salt and sugar.
remember that
Remember that not everyone has as much money as you.
it should/must be remembered (that)
It should be remembered that a lot of work went into this event.
5. HONOUR THE DEAD [transitive] to think with respect about someone who has died, often in a ceremony:
On this day we remember the dead of two world wars.
6. be remembered for/as something to be famous for something important that you did in the past:
He is best remembered for his travel books.
Johnson wanted to be remembered as ‘the education president.’
7. GIVE SOMEBODY A PRESENT [transitive] to give someone a present on a particular occasion:
Lilian always remembers me at Christmas.
remember somebody in your will (=arrange for someone to have something of yours after you die)
8. remember me to somebody spoken used to ask someone to give a greeting from you to someone else
• • •
GRAMMAR
If you remember doing something, you have a picture in your mind of the time when you did it:
▪ I remember playing there when I was little.
If you remember to do something, you do not forget to do what you had intended:
▪ We must remember to close that window.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ adverbs
▪ remember well (=thoroughly and completely) I remember so well my first day there.
▪ remember clearly/vividly/distinctly (=well, with a lot of detail) I remember clearly how I used to feel as a child in church on Sundays.
▪ remember vaguely/dimly (=not well) He could vaguely remember his mother’s face.
▪ remember fondly (=in a way that shows you liked someone or something a lot) The restaurant is fondly remembered by many.
▪ remember rightly/correctly You were still at school, if I remember rightly.
▪ hardly/barely remember (=almost not at all) I can hardly remember him.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ remember to form an idea in your mind of people, events, places etc from the past: I remember Janine – she lived in that house on the corner. | I can’t remember how the film ends. | He remembered meeting her at a party once.
▪ recall to remember a particular fact, event, or situation, especially in order to tell someone about it: Can you recall where your husband was that night? | She recalled that he had seemed a strange, lonely man.
▪ recollect formal to remember an event or situation: Harry smiled as he recollected the scene. | She tried to recollect what had happened next in her dream.
▪ memorize to learn facts, a piece of writing or music etc, so that you can remember them later: He’s trying to memorize his speech. | Don’t write down your PIN number, memorize it.
▪ think back/look back to think about something that happened in the past: I thought back to when I was his age. | Looking back, I should have been more patient with her. | We need to stop looking back and start thinking about the future.
▪ reminisce /ˌreməˈnɪs, ˌremɪˈnɪs/ to talk about pleasant events, people, experiences etc from the past, because you want to remember them or enjoy talking about them: They were reminiscing about old times. | I used to spend hours listening to my grandfather reminisce.
▪ bear something in mind to remember something important when you are doing something, because it could affect what you do: Bear in mind that this is the first time he’s done this.
▪ something is on the tip of your tongue used to say that you know a word or a name but that you have difficulty remembering it at this exact moment: His name’s on the tip of my tongue. I’ll think of it in a minute.
▪ remind somebody of something to make you think of another person, thing, or time, because they are similar: It reminds me of the time when I first started teaching. | The taste reminded him of school dinners.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

remember

re·mem·ber [remember remembers remembered remembering] [rɪˈmembə(r)] [rɪˈmembər] verb

(not usually used in the progressive tenses)

SB/STH FROM THE PAST
1. transitive, intransitive to have or keep an image in your memory of an event, a person, a place, etc. from the past
• ~ (sb/sth) This is Carla. Do you remember her?
• I don't remember my first day at school.
• He still remembered her as the lively teenager he'd known years before.
• As far as I can remember, this is the third time we've met.
• ~ doing sth Do you remember switching the lights off before we came out?
• I vaguely remember hearing him come in.
• ~ sb/sth doing sth I can still vividly remember my grandfather teaching me to play cards.
• (formal) I can't remember his taking a single day off work.

• ~ (that)… I remember (that) we used to go and see them most weekends.

FACT/INFORMATION

2. transitive, intransitive to bring back to your mind a fact, piece of information, etc. that you knew
• ~ (sth) I'm sorry— I can't remember your name.
• You were going to help me with this. Remember?
• ~ how, what, etc… Can you remember how much money we spent?

• ~ (that)… Remember that we're going out tonight.

3. transitive to keep an important fact in your mind
• ~ (that)… Remember (that) you may feel sleepy after taking the pills.

• it is remembered that… It should be remembered that the majority of accidents happen in the home.

STH YOU HAVE TO DO

4. transitive to not forget to do sth; to actually do what you have to do
• ~ to do sth Remember to call me when you arrive!
• ~ sth Did you remember your homework (= to bring it)? Notice the difference between remember doing sth and remember to do sth

• I remember posting the letter means ‘I have an image in my memory of doing it’; I remembered to post the letter means ‘I didn't forget to do it.’

IN PRAYERS

5. transitive ~ sb to think about sb with respect, especially when saying a prayer
Syn: commemorate

• a church service to remember the war dead

GIVE PRESENT

6. transitive ~ sb/sth to give money, a present, etc. to sb/sth
• My aunt always remembers my birthday (= by sending a card or present).
• His grandfather remembered him (= left him money) in his will.
Idioms: remembered as something ▪ remembered for something
Derived: remember me to somebody

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French remembrer, from late Latin rememorari ‘call to mind’, from re- (expressing intensive force) + Latin memor ‘mindful’.
Thesaurus:
remember verb T, I (not usually used in the progressive tenses)
• This is Carla. Do you remember her?
bear sb/sth in mind • • look back • • think back • • reminisce • |formal recall • • recollect •
Opp: forget
remember/bear in mind/recall/recollect that…
remember/bear in mind/recall/recollect how/what/where/when…
remember/bear in mind/recall the facts
Example Bank:
• I can't remember exactly what happened.
• I can't remember her name.
• I distinctly remember Jane saying that the show started at eight.
• I don't exactly remember what she said.
• I mostly remember the art nouveau decor of her living room.
• I remember Miss Scott very well.
• I remembered back to the time I saw her last.
• I specifically remember her saying she would be visiting today.
• I'll always remember this holiday.
• If I remember correctly, you were supposed to collect the keys on your way here.
• Julia belatedly remembered what else she was supposed to do.
• She finally remembered what she was going to say.
• She fondly remembered her early years in India.
• She is best remembered for her first book, ‘In the Ditch’.
• This is an experience that the kids will enjoy and remember forever.
• To this day, people can easily remember the show.
• As far as I can remember, this is the third time we've met.
• Did you remember your homework?
• He still remembered her as the lively teenager he'd known years before.
• I can't remember his taking a single day off work.
• I don't remember my first day at school.
• I remember posting the letter.
• I remembered to post the letter.
• I'm sorry— I can't remember your name.
• It should be remembered that the majority of accidents happen in the home.

• Remember that we're going out tonight.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

remember / rɪˈmem.bə r / / -bɚ / verb

A1 [ I or T ] to be able to bring back a piece of information into your mind, or to keep a piece of information in your memory:

"Where did you park the car?" "I can't remember."

I can remember people's faces, but not their names.

[ + (that) ] She suddenly remembered (that) her keys were in her other bag.

[ + -ing verb ] I don't remember sign ing a contract.

[ + question word ] Can you remember wh at her phone number is?

I remember him as (= I thought he was) a rather annoying man.

remember to do sth A2 to not forget to do something:

Did you remember to do the shopping?

be remembered for sth to be kept in people's memories because of a particular action or quality:

She will be remembered for her courage.

you remember informal said when you are talking to someone about something that they used to know but may have forgotten:

We went and had tea in that little café - you remember, the one next to the bookshop.

[ T ] to hold a special ceremony to honour a past event or someone who has died:

On 11 November , the British remember those who died in the two World Wars.

[ T ] to give a present or money to someone you love or who has provided good service to you:

My Granny always remembers me (= sends me a present) on my birthday.

My cousin remembered me in her will.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

remember

/rɪmembə(r)/
(remembers, remembering, remembered)

Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.

1.
If you remember people or events from the past, you still have an idea of them in your mind and you are able to think about them.
You wouldn’t remember me. I was in another group...
I certainly don’t remember talking to you at all...
I remembered that we had drunk the last of the coffee the week before...
I can remember where and when I bought each one...
I used to do that when you were a little girl, remember?
VERB: V n/-ing, V n/-ing, V that, V wh, V

2.
If you remember that something is the case, you become aware of it again after a time when you did not think about it.
She remembered that she was going to the social club that evening...
Then I remembered the cheque, which cheered me up.
VERB: V that, V n

3.
If you cannot remember something, you are not able to bring it back into your mind when you make an effort to do so.
If you can’t remember your number, write it in code in a diary...
I can’t remember what I said...
Don’t tell me you can’t remember.
VERB: usu with brd-neg, V n/-ing, V wh, V

4.
If you remember to do something, you do it when you intend to.
Please remember to enclose a stamped addressed envelope when writing.
≠ forget
VERB: V to-inf

5.
You tell someone to remember that something is the case when you want to emphasize its importance. It may be something that they already know about or a new piece of information.
It is important to remember that each person reacts differently...
It should be remembered that this loss of control can never be regained.
VERB: V that, it modal be V-ed that [emphasis]

6.
If you say that someone will be remembered for something that they have done, you mean that people will think of this whenever they think about the person.
At his grammar school he is remembered for being bad at games...
He will always be remembered as one of the great Chancellors of the Exchequer.
VERB: usu passive, be V-ed for n/-ing, be V-ed as n

7.
If you ask someone to remember you to a person who you have not seen for a long time, you are asking them to pass your greetings on to that person.
‘Remember me to Lyle, won’t you?’ I said...
VERB: no cont, usu imper, V n to n

8.
If you make a celebration an occasion to remember, you make it very enjoyable for all the people involved.
We’ll give everyone a night to remember...
VERB: only to-inf, V

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

remember

re·mem·ber /rɪˈmɛmbɚ/ verb -bers; -bered; -ber·ing
1 : to have or keep an image or idea in your mind of (something or someone from the past) : to think of (something or someone from the past) again

[+ obj]

• I remember my first day of school like it was yesterday.
• Do you remember me? I used to work with you many years ago.
• Remember when we went hiking last summer?
• I remember telling him not to do it, but he did it anyway.
• I remember what that felt like.
• It was a day to remember. [=it was a special/memorable day]

[no obj]

• As far as I can remember, I've never been late to a meeting.
• My family has lived in New York for as long as I can remember. [=for a very long time]
2 : to cause (something) to come back into your mind

[+ obj]

• I couldn't remember how to spell her name.
• I can't remember where I put that book.
• I remembered that I had left my wallet at home.
• Sorry, I don't remember your name. [=I have forgotten your name]

[no obj]

• What was it that I was going to ask him? I can't remember.
3 : to keep (information) in your mind : to not forget (something)

[+ obj]

• Remember the dates for the test.
• Thank you for remembering my birthday.
• I remembered to feed the cat.
• Remember, the trains stop running at 12:30 a.m.
• Please remember to take out the trash tomorrow.
• (formal) It should be remembered [=it is important to keep in mind] that he made many important contributions to the campaign.

[no obj]

• I don't need to write it down, I'll remember.
- see also remember your manners at manner
4 [+ obj] : to think about (someone who has died) in a respectful way
• On this day, let us remember our nation's veterans.
• We should remember the victims of the tragedy.
• She is remembered for her contributions to physics.
5 [+ obj] : to give money or a gift to (someone)
• Her brother was remembered in her will. [=she wrote in her will that her brother should receive some of her things after her death]
• They remembered him on his birthday.
remember me to old-fashioned
- used to ask someone to give your greetings to another person
• Remember me to your aunt when you see her today.

American English

British English

remembering - reminding and reminders

A1 (Basic)

verb

reason

reason [NOUN] (EXPLANATION)

The cause of an event or situation or something that provides an excuse or explanation

/ˈriː.zən/

دلیل

Example:

I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.

میخواهم دلیل دیر کردنت را بدونم.

آهنگ وترانه:

You Are The Reason - Chris De Burgh

Oxford Essential Dictionary

reason

noun
a cause or an explanation for why you do something or why something happens:
The reason I didn't come to the party was that I was ill.
Is there any reason why you were late?
She gave no reasons for her decision.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

reason

I. rea‧son¹ S1 W1 /ˈriːzən/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: noun: ↑reason, ↑reasoning, ↑reasonableness; adjective: ↑reasonable ≠ ↑unreasonable, ↑reasoned; verb: ↑reason; adverb: ↑reasonably ≠ ↑unreasonably]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: raison, from Latin ratio; ⇨ ↑ratio]
1. CAUSE [countable] why something happens, or why someone does something
reason for
People give different reasons for wanting to change jobs.
reason why
We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.
reason (that)
The reason I called was to ask about the plans for Saturday.
reason behind
He explained the reasons behind the decision.
for reasons of something
The bridge is closed for reasons of safety.
reason to do something
This work gives me a reason to live.
there is no reason to do something
There is no reason whatsoever to doubt her story.
by reason of something formal (=because of something)
a person disqualified by reason of age
► Do not say ‘the reason of’ something. Say the reason for something. Do not say ‘the reason because’ something happens. Say the reason why/that something happens.
2. GOOD OR FAIR [uncountable] a fact that makes it right or fair for someone to do something
(no) reason to do something
There is no reason to panic.
She has reason to feel guilty.
We have reason to believe that the goods were stolen.
I know I’m late, but that’s no reason to shout at me.
Under the circumstances, we had every reason (=had very good reasons) to be suspicious.
with (good) reason (=based on something sensible)
Natalie was alarmed by the news, and with reason.
3. all the more reason why/to do something spoken used to say that what has just been mentioned is an additional reason for doing what you have suggested:
But surely that’s all the more reason to act quickly.
4. GOOD JUDGMENT [uncountable] sensible judgment and understanding SYN sense:
There’s reason in what he says.
They’re not prepared to listen to reason (=be persuaded by someone’s sensible advice).
There’s no way of making my grandfather see reason (=accept advice and make a sensible decision).
5. within reason within sensible limits:
You can go anywhere you want, within reason.
6. go/be beyond (all) reason to be more than is acceptable or reasonable:
Their demands go beyond all reason.
7. ABILITY TO THINK [uncountable] the ability to think, understand, and form judgments that are based on facts:
the human power of reason
lose your reason old-fashioned (=become mentally ill)
8. no reason spoken used when someone asks you why you are doing something and you do not want to tell them:
‘Why d’you want to go that way?‘ ’Oh, no reason.'
⇨ no rhyme or reason at ↑rhyme¹(4), ⇨ it stands to reason at ↑stand¹(32)
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ verbs
▪ have a reason We had many reasons to celebrate.
▪ give a reason No reason was given for the change.
▪ think of a reason/see a reason I see no reason why it shouldn’t work. | I can’t think of any reason why she would want to leave.
▪ explain the reasons for something Explain the reasons for your choice.
■ adjectives
▪ a good reason There is usually a good reason why the price is so cheap.
▪ the main reason The main reason for the decline in the railways is lack of investment.
▪ a major reason (also a big reason informal) His personality was a major reason for his success. | A big reason for the decrease in smoking is the ban on cigarette advertising.
▪ the real reason What do you think was the real reason for their decision?
▪ a valid/legitimate reason (=a good and acceptable reason) An employer can’t fire someone without a valid reason.
▪ a compelling reason (=a very good reason for doing something) There are compelling reasons to believe that this is true.
▪ a simple reason (=one that is easy to understand) I hate mobile phones, for the simple reason that it is now impossible to get away from them.
▪ a logical reason People don’t always have logical reasons for the things they do.
▪ the only reason The only reason he’s coming tonight is that I said you’d be here.
■ phrases
▪ for legal/political/medical etc reasons The boy cannot be named for legal reasons.
▪ for security reasons The road will be closed for security reasons.
▪ for personal reasons He resigned for personal reasons.
▪ for sentimental reasons (=because you like someone or something very much) I wanted to keep the picture for sentimental reasons.
▪ for obvious reasons This arrangement must be kept secret, for obvious reasons.
▪ for no apparent reason (=for no obvious reason) He tried to kill me for no apparent reason.
▪ for some reason (or other) (also for some unknown reason) (=for a reason that you do not know) For some reason she felt like crying. | For some unknown reason, the curtains were always drawn.
▪ for reasons best known to somebody (=used when you do not understand someone’s behaviour) For reasons best known to herself, she decided to sell the house.
▪ have your reasons (=have a secret reason for doing something) ‘Why did he marry her?’ ‘He must have had his reasons.’
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ reason why something happens, or why someone does something: What was the reason for the delay? | I don’t know the reason why he left his last job.
▪ explanation a set of reasons that helps you to understand why something happens, especially when it seems difficult to understand: There are various possible explanations for climate change. | Is there any explanation for his behavior?
▪ motive a reason that makes someone decide to do something – often used about crimes: Police say that there is no obvious motive for the attack.
▪ justification a good reason for doing something that seems wrong: There is never any justification for torture or abuse. | They try to use the situation in the Middle East as a justification for killing innocent civilians. | There’s no justification for this type of behaviour.
▪ grounds a reason that makes it right or fair to do something, especially according to legal, official, or moral rules: The court will decide if she has grounds for divorce. | They claim the war is justified on moral grounds (=because of moral reasons).
▪ basis the main ideas or reasons on which something is based: The doctor makes his decisions purely on the basis of clinical observation. | What do you think is the basis for this advice?
▪ rationale /ˌræʃəˈnɑːl $ -ˈnæl/ formal a set of reasons that are used to explain why someone does something in a particular way: the rationale behind the government’s economic reforms | This chapter explains the nature of yearly plans, and provides a rationale for their use.
■ a reason that does not seem believable
▪ excuse a reason that you give to explain why you have done something bad, or not done something that you should have done – especially one that is not completely true: She said she couldn’t come because she had to work late, but it was just an excuse. | a feeble excuse (=one that is hard to believe)
▪ pretext especially written an untrue reason that you give for doing or not doing something, in order to hide the real reason: He would often find some pretext to go out in the evening alone. | They used this as a pretext for taking military action.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

reason

rea·son [reason reasons reasoned reasoning] noun, verb [ˈriːzn] [ˈriːzn]

noun
1. countable a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done
• ~ (why…) I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
• Give me one good reason why I should help you.
• ~ (that…) We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.
• ~ (for sth) She gave no reasons for her decision.
• ~ (for doing sth) I have no particular reason for doubting him.
• He said no but he didn't give a reason.
• For some reason (= one that I don't know or don't understand) we all have to come in early tomorrow.
• The man attacked me for no apparent reason.
• She resigned for personal reasons.
• For reasons of security the door is always kept locked.
• He wants to keep them all in his office for reasons best known to himself.
• people who, for whatever reason, are unable to support themselves
• ‘Why do you want to know?’ ‘ No reason ’ (= I do not want to say why).
• ‘Why did she do that?’ ‘She must have her reasons ’ (= secret reasons which she does not want to tell).

• (formal) He was excused by reason of (= because of) his age.

2. uncountable a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth
• ~ (to do sth) They have reason to believe that he is lying.
• We have every reason (= have very good reasons) to feel optimistic.
• You have no reason to accuse him of laziness.
• ~ (why…) There is no reason why we should agree to this.
• ~ (for sth/for doing sth) This result gives us all the more reason for optimism.

• She complained, with reason (= rightly), that she had been underpaid.

3. uncountable the power of the mind to think in a logical way, to understand and have opinions, etc
• Only human beings are capable of reason (= of thinking in a logical way, etc.).
• to lose your reason (= become mentally ill)

• the conflict between faith and reason

4. uncountable what is possible, practical or right
• I can't get her to listen to reason.
• Why can't they see reason?
• to be open to reason (= to be willing to accept sensible advice)
• He's looking for a job and he's willing to do anything within reason.
more at there's no rhyme or reason to/for sthwithout rhyme or reason at rhyme _n.
Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French reisun (noun), raisoner (verb), from a variant of Latin ratio(n-), from the verb reri ‘consider’.
Thesaurus:
reason noun
1. C, U
• I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
explanation • • motive • • need • • cause • • grounds • • basis • • argument • • case • • excuse • • justification • • pretext •
(a/an) reason/explanation/motive/need/cause/grounds/basis/argument/case/excuse/justification/pretext for sth
the reason/motive behind sth
the reason/grounds/basis/argument/excuse/justification/pretext that…
(a) good/valid reason/explanation/motive/cause/grounds/argument/case/excuse/justification
give/offer (sb) a/an reason/explanation/excuse/justification/pretext
2. U
• I can't get her to listen to reason.
logic • • rationality • • reasoning •
the reason/logic/rationality in sth
see/defy reason/(the) logic
Language Bank:
therefore
Ways of saying ‘For this reason…’
▪ Today's children eat more junk food and get less exercise than previous generations of children. It is not surprising, therefore ▪, that rates of childhood obesity are on the increase.
▪ Children who grow up on a diet of junk food find it difficult to change this habit later in life. It is essential, therefore ▪, that parents encourage healthy eating from an early age.
▪ Children who grow up on a diet of junk food find it difficult to change this habit later in life. For this reason ▪, / This is why ▪ it is essential that children eat healthily from an early age.
▪ Eating habits formed in childhood tend to continue into adult life. Thus ▪, the best way to prevent heart disease among adults is to encourage healthy eating from an early age.
▪ Eating habits formed in childhood tend to continue into adult life, hence ▪ the importance of encouraging healthy eating from an early age.
Language Banks at because of, cause, consequently, emphasis, vital
Synonyms:
reason
explanation • grounds • basis • excuse • motive • justification • pretext
These are all words for a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done.
reason • a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or that sb has done; a fact that makes it right or fair to do sth: ▪ He said no but he didn't give a reason.
explanation • a statement, fact or situation that tells you why sth has happened; a reason given for sth: ▪ The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed. ◊ ▪ She left the room abruptly without explanation.
grounds • (rather formal) a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing sth: ▪ You have no grounds for complaint.
basis • (rather formal) the reason why people take a particular action: ▪ On what basis will this decision be made?
excuse • a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour; a good reason that you give for doing sth that you want to do for other reasons: ▪ Late again! What's your excuse this time? ◊ ▪ It gave me an excuse to take the car.
motive • a reason that explains sb's behaviour: ▪ There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
justification • (rather formal) a good reason why sth exists or is done: ▪ I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.
grounds or justification?
Justification is used to talk about finding or understanding reasons for actions, or trying to explain why it is a good idea to do sth. It is often used with words like little, no, some, every, without, and not any. Grounds is used more for talking about reasons that already exist, or that have already been decided, for example by law: moral/economic grounds.
pretext • (rather formal) a false reason that you give for doing sth, usually sth bad, in order to hide the real reason: ▪ He left the party early on the pretext of having to work.
(a/an) reason/explanation/grounds/basis/excuse/motive/justification/pretext for sth
the reason/motive behind sth
on the grounds/basis/pretext of/that…
(a) good/valid reason/explanation/grounds/excuse/motive/justification
Example Bank:
• For reasons of security, you are requested to keep your baggage with you at all times.
• For some odd reason, he found it really funny.
• For some unexplained reason the pilot jettisoned all his fuel shortly after take-off.
• For unknown reasons, the ship sank in the middle of the ocean.
• He got angry for no reason.
• He married her for all the wrong reasons.
• He saw many reasons to be hopeful.
• He seems to have lost all sense and reason.
• He was attacked for no apparent reason.
• He was beyond all reason.
• He was found not guilty by reason of insanity.
• I can think of several reasons why this might happen.
• I don't know why he did that, but I'm sure he had his reasons.
• I don't see any reason why you can't come with us.
• I have no reason to believe that she was lying to me.
• I know you're angry with me, and you have every reason to be.
• I tried to persuade her, but she just wouldn't listen to reason.
• I was never good at playing the trumpet for the simple reason that I never practised.
• I'll lend you the money you need— within reason, of course!
• If he's unwell, that's all the more reason to go and see him.
• In the letter she carefully set out her reasons for leaving.
• Isolation and loneliness are common reasons for depression.
• It stands to reason that she wouldn't want them to find out about her personal problems.
• It stands to reason= it is logical that she wouldn't want them to find out about her personal problems.
• It's difficult to pinpoint the reasons for her success.
• People buy things for all sorts of reasons.
• She did not tell him the real reason for her change of heart.
• She was always the voice of reason, persuading him not to buy things they couldn't afford.
• Sometimes he does things that defy reason.
• Surely there is no earthly reason why you wouldn't want to come with us?
• The company's stated reason for firing him was misconduct.
• The only reason I didn't become a professional golfer was because of my family commitments.
• The reasons for her decision soon became clear.
• The residents hope that an appeal to reason will end the rioting.
• The residents hope that an appeal to reason= asking the rioters to be reasonable will end the rioting.
• The underlying reasons for these differences will be explored in depth in the next chapter.
• There are obvious reasons against such a move.
• There is ample reason to be optimistic about the economy.
• There is an assumption that a state will protect its citizens. That is the very reason for the existence of states.
• There's no rhyme or reason to the new opening hours.
• There's no rhyme or reason= logic to the new opening hours.
• There's one big reason why this won't work: cost.
• They complained about the food, and with good reason.
• They didn't give any reason for the delay.
• This article lists the most common reasons why people pay too much tax.
• Tom's problem was that he lacked confidence; Ed failed for precisely the opposite reason.
• We are trying to uncover the reasons behind her decision.
• We possess the human faculty of reason.
• We see no reason why this band shouldn't be a huge success.
• You don't have any reason to complain.
• You have little reason to be pleased with yourself.
• You're asking me to help, and that's the exact reason I came.
• dismissal for reasons unconnected with misconduct
• people who, for whatever reason, are unable to support themselves
• persons in need of care by reason of old age
• procedures carried out for reasons of national security
• ‘Why did she do that?’ ‘She must have her reasons’.
• For reasons of security the door is always kept locked.
• For some reason we all have to come in early tomorrow.
• He said no but he didn't give a reason.
• He wants to keep them all in his office for reasons best known to himself.
• I can't get her to listen to reason.
• I'd like to know the reason why you're so late.
• I'm willing to do anything — within reason — to get my case heard.
• It stands to reason that people leave if you don't pay them enough.
• She complained, with reason, that she had been underpaid.
• She resigned for personal reasons.
• We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.
• Why can't they see reason?
Idiom: it stands to reason

Derived: reason something out ▪ reason with somebody

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

reason / ˈriː.z ə n / noun (EXPLANATION)

A2 [ C or U ] the cause of an event or situation or something that provides an excuse or explanation:

The reason for the disaster was engine failure, not human error.

[ + question word ] The reason wh y grass is green was a mystery to the little boy.

[ + (that) ] The reason (that) I'm ringing is to ask a favour.

not standard The reason I walked out was because I was bored.

[ + to infinitive ] The police have (every good) reason to believe that he is guilty.

She was furious, and with reason (= with good cause) .

For some reason/ For reasons best known to him self (= for reasons no one else knows about) he's decided to leave his job.

by reason of formal because of:

He's always asked to these occasions by reason of his position.

Word partners for reason noun

give / have a reason • a compelling / good / major / obvious reason • the main / real / simple reason • the reason for sth • the reason why • for reasons of sth • the reason behind sth

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

reason

/ri:z(ə)n/
(reasons, reasoning, reasoned)

Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.

1.
The reason for something is a fact or situation which explains why it happens or what causes it to happen.
There is a reason for every important thing that happens...
Who would have a reason to want to kill her?
N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for n, N to-inf

2.
If you say that you have reason to believe something or to have a particular emotion, you mean that you have evidence for your belief or there is a definite cause of your feeling.
They had reason to believe there could be trouble...
He had every reason to be upset...
N-UNCOUNT: usu N to-inf

3.
The ability that people have to think and to make sensible judgments can be referred to as reason.
...a conflict between emotion and reason...
N-UNCOUNT

4.
If you reason that something is true, you decide that it is true after thinking carefully about all the facts.
I reasoned that changing my diet would lower my cholesterol level...
‘Listen,’ I reasoned, ‘it doesn’t take a genius to figure out what Adam’s up to.’
VERB: V that, V with quote
see also reasoned, reasoning

5.
If one thing happens by reason of another, it happens because of it. (FORMAL)
The boss retains enormous influence by reason of his position...
PHRASE: PHR n

6.
If you try to make someone listen to reason, you try to persuade them to listen to sensible arguments and be influenced by them.
The company’s top executives had refused to listen to reason.
PHRASE: V inflects

7.
If you say that something happened or was done for no reason, for no good reason, or for no reason at all, you mean that there was no obvious reason why it happened or was done.
The guards, he said, would punch them for no reason...
For no reason at all the two men started to laugh.
PHRASE: PHR with cl

8.
If a person or thing is someone’s reason for living or their reason for being, they are the most important thing in that person’s life.
Chloe is my reason for living.
PHRASE: usu poss PHR

9.
If you say that something happened or is true for some reason, you mean that you know it happened or is true, but you do not know why.
For some inexplicable reason she was attracted to Patrick.
PHRASE: PHR with cl [vagueness]

10.
If you say that you will do anything within reason, you mean that you will do anything that is fair or reasonable and not too extreme.
I will take any job that comes along, within reason...
PHRASE: PHR with cl, n PHR

11.
rhyme or reason: see rhyme
to see reason: see see
it stands to reason: see stand

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹rea·son /ˈriːzn̩/ noun, pl -sons
1 [count] : a statement or fact that explains why something is the way it is, why someone does, thinks, or says something, or why someone behaves a certain way
• I gave a reason for my absence.
• Is there a reason for your strange behavior?
• There is a reason why they don't want to come.
• I can't give you the report for the simple reason that it isn't yet finished.
• She explained her reasons for deciding to change jobs.
• He wanted to know the reason for their decision.
• “Why don't you want to go to the party?” “No (particular) reason. I just feel like staying home tonight.”
• Give me one good reason why I should believe you.
• For obvious reasons, we can't do that yet.
• For reasons of space, some of the charts and graphs have been omitted from the article.
• She resigned for personal reasons.
• He is always late, for some/whatever reason. [=he is always late, and no one knows why]
• He tends to get upset for no reason.
• She did things for no good reason. [=there was no acceptable explanation for her actions]
2 [noncount] : a fact, condition, or situation that makes it proper or appropriate to do something, feel something, etc.
• There is no reason [=cause] to panic.
• There's no reason for you to feel that way.
• I had sufficient/adequate/enough reason [=justification] to leave.
• He saw no reason to pursue the issue any further.
• They want to try something different, and that's reason enough for the change.
• He was found not guilty by reason of insanity. [=not guilty because he was insane when he committed the crime]
• We have (every) reason to believe he is lying.
• The company fired him with/without reason. [=there was/wasn't a good reason for the company to fire him]
• She decided, with reason, to find somewhere else to live.
• Poor work conditions are all the more reason to find another job.
3 [noncount] : the power of the mind to think and understand in a logical way
• Human beings possess the power of reason.
• (old-fashioned) He lost his reason. [=he became insane]
4 [noncount] : ideas and opinions that are fair, sensible, and appropriate
• I can't get him to listen to (the voice of) reason. = I can't get him to see reason.
• He is not open to reason. [=he is not listening to logical or sensible thinking]
rhyme or reason
- see ¹rhyme
stand to reason : to be sensible or understandable
• If her friends don't want to go, it stands to reason [=it makes sense] that she won't want to go either.
within reason : within reasonable or sensible limits
• You can do anything you want, within reason.
• The price is within reason.

lovely

lovely [adjective] (ENJOYABLE)

Pleasant or enjoyable

/ˈlʌv.li/

دوست داشتنی

Example:

Hotel california is such a lovely place and lovely face.

هتل کالیفرنیا جای دوست داشتنی با نمایی بسیار زیبا است.

آهنگ وترانه:

Hotel California - Eagles

Oxford Essential Dictionary

lovely

adjective (lovelier, loveliest)
beautiful or very nice:
That's a lovely dress.
We had a lovely holiday.
It's lovely to see you again.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

lovely

love‧ly S1 W3 /ˈlʌvli/ BrE AmE adjective (comparative lovelier, superlative loveliest)
[Word Family: adjective: ↑lovable ≠ UNLOVABLE, ↑loveless, ↑lovely, ↑loving, ↑unloved; noun: ↑love, ↑lover, loveliness., ↑lovey; verb: ↑love; adverb: ↑lovingly]
1. especially British English beautiful or attractive:
She had a lovely face.
What a lovely house!
You look lovely in that dress.
He was a lovely little boy.
What a lovely day!
2. spoken especially British English very pleasant, enjoyable, or good:
Thank you for a lovely evening.
That was a lovely cup of tea.
3. informal especially British English friendly and pleasant:
Richard’s a lovely person.
4. British English spoken used to say that something is not at all enjoyable or good:
‘The cat threw up all over the carpet!’ ‘Lovely!’
You’ve made a lovely mess in here.
5. lovely and warm/fresh/clean etc British English spoken used to emphasize how good something is:
This bread’s lovely and fresh.
6. British English spoken used to show that you are pleased with something:
Push it right across. That’s it, lovely.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

lovely

love·ly [lovely lovelies] adjective, noun [ˈlʌvli] [ˈlʌvli]

adjective (love·lier, love·li·est) You can also use more lovely and most lovely. (especially BrE)
1. beautiful; attractive
• lovely countryside/eyes/flowers
• She looked particularly lovely that night.

• He has a lovely voice.

2. (informal) very enjoyable and pleasant; wonderful
• ‘Can I get you anything?’ ‘A cup of tea would be lovely.’
• What a lovely surprise!
• How lovely to see you!
• Isn't it a lovely day?
• We've had a lovely time.
• It's a lovely old farm.
• It's been lovely having you here.

• (ironic) You've got yourself into a lovely mess, haven't you?

3. (informal) (of a person) very kind, generous and friendly
• Her mother was a lovely woman. Very lovely is not very common and is only used about the physical appearance of a person or thing.
Word Origin:
Old English luflic (see love, -ly).
Thesaurus:
lovely adj.
1. (especially BrE)
• We walked through lovely countryside.
beautiful • • attractive • • pretty • • scenic • • picturesque • • charming • • exquisite •
Opp: horrible
a/an lovely/beautiful/attractive/pretty/picturesque/charming place/town/village
a/an lovely/beautiful/attractive/scenic/picturesque/charming/exquisite setting/view
lovely/beautiful/attractive/picturesque countryside/scenery/surroundings
Lovely or beautiful? Something that is lovely always has a warm quality that appeals not only to the eyes but also to the heart; beautiful things often have this quality, but they do not have to:
• The designs were pure, austere and coldly beautiful.
¤ The designs were pure, austere and coldly lovely.
2. (especially BrE)
• She was looking lovely.
beautiful • • pretty • • attractive • • good-looking • • striking • |informal gorgeous • • stunning • |especially AmE, informal cute •
Opp: horrible, Opp: ugly
a/an lovely/beautiful/pretty/attractive/good-looking/striking/gorgeous/stunning/cute girl/woman
a/an lovely/beautiful/pretty/attractive/good-looking/striking/cute face
a/an lovely/beautiful/attractive/gorgeous/cute body
3. (especially BrE, especially spoken)
• We had a lovely day.
wonderful • • delightful • • enjoyable • |BrE, especially spoken marvellous • |AmE, especially spoken marvelous • |literary delicious •
Opp: horrible
a lovely/wonderful/delightful/marvellous/delicious feeling/sensation
(a) lovely/wonderful/delightful/marvellous experience/time/place/scenery/weather
It's lovely/wonderful/marvellous to be/feel/find/know/have/see…
Lovely, wonderful or delightful? Lovely is the most frequent in British, spoken English. In American English wonderful is the most frequent, both written and spoken. Delightful is used mostly to talk about times, events and places.
4. (especially BrE, especially spoken)
• Her mother's a lovely woman.
wonderful • • charming • • pleasant • • friendly • • kind • • lovable • • charismatic • • engaging • |especially BrE likeable • |especially AmE likable • |especially spoken nice • • sweet •
Opp: horrible
a lovely/wonderful/charming/pleasant/friendly/kind/lovable/charismatic/engaging/likeable/nice/sweet man
a lovely/wonderful/charming/pleasant/friendly/kind/lovable/engaging/likeable/nice/sweet person
a lovely/wonderful/charming/pleasant/friendly/kind/engaging/kind/nice/sweet woman
Synonyms:
beautiful
pretty • handsome • attractive • lovely • good-looking • gorgeous
These words all describe people who are pleasant to look at.
beautiful • (especially of a woman or girl) very pleasant to look at: ▪ She looked stunningly beautiful that night.
pretty • (especially of a girl or woman) pleasant to look at: ▪ She's got a very pretty face.
Pretty is used most often to talk about girls. When it is used to talk about a woman, it usually suggests that she is like a girl, with small, delicate features.
handsome • (of a man) pleasant to look at; (of a woman) pleasant to look at, with large strong features rather than small delicate ones: ▪ He was described as ‘ ▪ tall, dark and handsome ▪ ’.
attractive • (of a person) pleasant to look at, especially in a sexual way: ▪ She's a very attractive woman.
lovely • (of a person) beautiful; very attractive: ▪ She looked particularly lovely that night.
When you describe sb as lovely, you are usually showing that you also have a strong feeling of affection for them.
good-looking • (of a person) pleasant to look at, often in a sexual way: ▪ She arrived with a very good-looking man.
gorgeous • (informal) (of a person) extremely attractive, especially in a sexual way: ▪ You look gorgeous!
attractive or good-looking?
If you describe sb as attractive you often also mean that they have a pleasant personality as well as being pleasant to look at; good-looking just describes sb's physical appearance.
a(n) beautiful/pretty/handsome/attractive/lovely/good-looking/gorgeous girl/woman
a(n) beautiful/handsome/attractive/good-looking/gorgeous boy/man
a(n) beautiful/pretty/handsome/attractive/lovely/good-looking face
Synonyms:
wonderful
lovely • delightful
These words all describe an experience, feeling or sight that gives you great pleasure.
wonderful • that you enjoy very much; that gives you great pleasure; extremely good: ▪ We had a wonderful time last night. ◊ ▪ The weather was absolutely wonderful.
lovely • (rather informal, especially BrE) that you enjoy very much; that gives you great pleasure; very attractive: ▪ What a lovely day! ▪ (= the weather is very good) ◊ ▪ It's been lovely having you here.
delightful • that gives you great pleasure; very attractive: ▪ a delightful little fishing village
wonderful, lovely or delightful?
All these words can describe times, events, places, sights, feelings and the weather. Wonderful can also describe a chance or ability. Lovely is the most frequent in spoken British English, but in North American English wonderful is the most frequent, both spoken and written. Delightful is used especially to talk about times, events and places.
wonderful/lovely/delightful weather/views/scenery
It's wonderful/lovely to be/feel/find/have/know/see…
It would be wonderful/lovely/delightful if…
It's wonderful/lovely that…
That sounds wonderful/lovely/delightful.
really/quite/absolutely wonderful/lovely/delightful
Example Bank:
• She looked really lovely in the blue dress.
• She's got an absolutely lovely face.
• The cool water felt lovely after being in the hot sun.
• Your idea of a day on the beach sounds lovely.
• a hauntingly lovely melody
• It was a lovely evening— calm and still.
• It's a lovely old farmhouse.
• It's been lovely having you here.
• It's lovely and warm in here.
• We had a lovely day.
• We travelled through some lovely countryside.
• You've got lovely eyes.
• You've got yourself into a lovely mess, haven't you?
• a lovely cool drink

Idiom: lovely and warm/cold/quiet

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

lovely / ˈlʌv.li / adjective mainly UK (ENJOYABLE)

A2 pleasant or enjoyable:

a lovely meal/evening

We had a lovely time with them.

loveliness / -nəs / noun [ U ]

She was a vision of loveliness in her wedding dress.

lovely / ˈlʌv.li / adjective mainly UK (BEAUTIFUL)

A2 beautiful:

She has lovely eyes.

You look lovely in that dress.

Thank you for the lovely present.

loveliness / -nəs / noun [ U ]

She was a vision of loveliness in her wedding dress.

lovely / ˈlʌv.li / adjective (KIND)

describes a person who is kind, friendly, and pleasant to be with:

He's a lovely bloke.

loveliness / -nəs / noun [ U ]

She was a vision of loveliness in her wedding dress.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

lovely

/lʌvli/
(lovelier, loveliest)

Frequency: The word is one of the 3000 most common words in English.

1.
If you describe someone or something as lovely, you mean that they are very beautiful and therefore pleasing to look at or listen to. (mainly BRIT)
You look lovely, Marcia...
He had a lovely voice...
It was just one of those lovely old English gardens.
= beautiful
ADJ
• love‧li‧ness
You are a vision of loveliness.
= beauty
N-UNCOUNT

2.
If you describe something as lovely, you mean that it gives you pleasure. (mainly BRIT mainly SPOKEN)
Mary! How lovely to see you!...
It’s a lovely day...
What a lovely surprise!
= marvellous, wonderful
ADJ

3.
If you describe someone as lovely, you mean that they are friendly, kind, or generous. (mainly BRIT)
Laura is a lovely young woman...
She’s a lovely child.
= delightful
ADJ

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹love·ly /ˈlʌvli/ adj love·li·er; -est
1 : attractive or beautiful especially in a graceful way
• She was wearing a lovely dress.
• She looks simply lovely in that dress! = That dress looks simply lovely on her!
• a lovely bouquet of flowers
• The song has a lovely melody. synonyms seebeautiful
2 : very good or likable
• He's a lovely man. [=he's a very good man]
3 : very pleasing : fine
• The hotel has a lovely view.
• We enjoyed a lovely dinner.
• a singer with a lovely voice
• Their children have lovely manners.
• How lovely of you to come!
• It was lovely to have you here!
• (Brit) Isn't the coffee lovely and hot! [=the coffee is pleasingly hot]
- love·li·ness noun [noncount]
• the loveliness of the view

dim

dim [adjective] (NOT CLEAR)

Not giving or having much light

/dɪm/

کم نور

Example:

This light is too dim to read by.

این نور برای مطالعه بسیار کم است .

Oxford Essential Dictionary

dim

adjective (dimmer, dimmest)
not bright or clear:
The light was so dim that we couldn't see anything.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

dim

I. dim¹ /dɪm/ BrE AmE adjective (comparative dimmer, superlative dimmest)
[Language: Old English]
1. DARK fairly dark or not giving much light, so that you cannot see well OPP bright:
in the dim light of the early dawn
a dim glow
2. SHAPE a dim shape is one which is not easy to see because it is too far away, or there is not enough light:
The dim outline of a building loomed up out of the mist.
3. take a dim view of something to disapprove of something:
Miss Watson took a dim view of Paul’s behaviour.
4. dim recollection/awareness etc a memory or understanding of something that is not clear in your mind SYN vague:
Laura had a dim recollection of someone telling her this before.
5. EYES literary dim eyes are weak and cannot see well:
Isaac was old and his eyes were dim.
6. FUTURE CHANCES if your chances of success in the future are dim, they are not good:
Prospects for an early settlement of the dispute are dim.
7. in the dim and distant past a very long time ago – used humorously
8. NOT INTELLIGENT informal not intelligent:
You can be really dim sometimes!
—dimly adverb:
a dimly lit room
She was only dimly aware of the risk.
—dimness noun [uncountable]
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ dark if a place is dark, there is little or no light: The room was very dark. | No, you can’t play outside, it’s too dark. | It was a dark night with clouds covering the moon.
▪ dimly-lit a dimly-lit building or place is fairly dark because the lights there are not very bright: a dimly-lit restaurant | The church was dimly lit.
▪ dim a dim light is fairly dark: The camera can take good pictures even in dim lighting. | The evening sky grew dim.
▪ darkened a darkened room or building is darker than usual, especially because its lights have been turned off or the curtains have been drawn: The prisoner lay in a darkened room. | The play starts with a darkened stage, and the sound of a woman singing softly.
▪ gloomy a gloomy place or room is not at all bright or cheerful: The bar was gloomy and smelled of stale cigar smoke.
▪ murky dark and difficult to see through – used especially about water: the murky waters of the lake | I could hardly see him in the murky light of the bar.
▪ pitch-dark/pitch-black completely dark, so that nothing can be seen: It was pitch-dark inside the shed.
▪ shady a shady place is cooler and darker than the area around it, because the light of the sun cannot reach it: It was nice and shady under the trees. | They found a shady spot for a picnic.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

dim

dim [dim dims dimmed dimming dimmer dimmest] adjective, verb [dɪm] [dɪm]

adjective (dim·mer, dim·mest)

LIGHT
1. not bright
• the dim glow of the fire in the grate

• This light is too dim to read by.

PLACE

2. where you cannot see well because there is not much light

• a dim room/street

SHAPE

3. that you cannot see well because there is not much light
• the dim outline of a house in the moonlight

• I could see a dim shape in the doorway.

EYES

4. not able to see well

• His eyesight is getting dim.

MEMORIES

5. that you cannot remember or imagine clearly
Syn: vague
• dim memories
• She had a dim recollection of the visit.

• (humorous) in the dim and distant past

PERSON

6. (informal, especially BrE) not intelligent

• He's very dim.

SITUATION

7. not giving any reason to have hope; not good
• Her future career prospects look dim.
Word Origin:
Old English dim, dimm, of Germanic origin; related to German dialect timmer.
Thesaurus:
dim adj.
1.
• The light was too dim to read by.
faint • • weak • • soft • |literary thin •
Opp: bright
dim/faint/weak/soft/thin light
a dim/faint/soft glow
a dim/faint outline
Dim, faint or weak? Dim describes light in a room or place when it is not bright enough to see clearly; faint describes a particular point of light which is hard to see; weak usually describes sunlight that is not bright.
2.
• They stepped into the dim and cluttered shop.
gloomy • • dreary • • dingy •
Opp: bright
a dim/gloomy/dreary/dingy room
a dim/gloomy corridor/interior/street
a dim/gloomy/dreary place/day
Example Bank:
• He seems incredibly dim sometimes!
• He was good-natured but rather dim.
• The living room looked dim and shadowy.
• A dim lamp swung in the entrance.
• A voice came from the dim interior.
• It was hard to see in the dim glow of the streetlights.
• Owls' eyesight is good in dim light.
• She was a pleasant but rather dim young woman.
• The light is too dim to read by.
• The room was dim because the curtains were half drawn.
• The room was very dim with a murky greenish light.
• They stepped into the dim and cluttered little shop.
Idiom: take a dim view of somebody

Derived Word: dimness

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

dim / dɪm / adjective ( dimmer , dimmest ) (NOT CLEAR)

C2 not giving or having much light:

The lamp gave out a dim light.

He sat in a dim corner of the waiting room.

We could see a dim (= not easily seen) shape in the fog.

literary If your eyes are dim, you cannot see very well. a dim memory, recollection, etc. C2 something that you remember slightly, but not very well:

I had a dim recollection of having met her before.

dimly / ˈdɪm.li / adverb

The room was dimly lit.

I dimly remembered seeing the film before.

dimness / ˈdɪm.nəs / noun [ U ]

dim / dɪm / adjective ( dimmer , dimmest ) informal (NOT CLEVER)

not very clever:

He's a nice guy, but a little dim.

Don't be dim!

dimly / ˈdɪm.li / adverb

The room was dimly lit.

I dimly remembered seeing the film before.

dimness / ˈdɪm.nəs / noun [ U ]

dim / dɪm / adjective ( dimmer , dimmest ) (NOT POSITIVE)

not likely to succeed:

The company's prospects for the future are rather dim.

dimly / ˈdɪm.li / adverb

The room was dimly lit.

I dimly remembered seeing the film before.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

dim

/dɪm/
(dimmer, dimmest, dims, dimming, dimmed)

1.
Dim light is not bright.
She stood waiting, in the dim light...
ADJ
• dim‧ly
He followed her into a dimly lit kitchen.
ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed
• dim‧ness
...the dimness of an early September evening.
N-UNCOUNT

2.
A dim place is rather dark because there is not much light in it.
The room was dim and cool and quiet.
ADJ
• dim‧ness
I squinted to adjust my eyes to the dimness.
N-UNCOUNT

3.
A dim figure or object is not very easy to see, either because it is in shadow or darkness, or because it is far away.
Pete’s torch picked out the dim figures of Bob and Chang.
= faint
ADJ
• dim‧ly
The shoreline could be dimly seen.
ADV: usu ADV with v

4.
If you have a dim memory or understanding of something, it is difficult to remember or is unclear in your mind.
It seems that the ’60s era of social activism is all but a dim memory.
= hazy
ADJ: usu ADJ n
• dim‧ly
Christina dimly recalled the procedure...
ADV: ADV with v, ADV adj

5.
If the future of something is dim, you have no reason to feel hopeful or positive about it.
The prospects for a peaceful solution are dim.
≠ bright
ADJ

6.
If you describe someone as dim, you think that they are stupid. (INFORMAL)
ADJ

7.
If you dim a light or if it dims, it becomes less bright.
Dim the lighting–it is unpleasant to lie with a bright light shining in your eyes...
The houselights dimmed.
VERB: V n, V

8.
If your future, hopes, or emotions dim or if something dims them, they become less good or less strong.
Their economic prospects have dimmed...
Forty eight years of marriage have not dimmed the passion between Bill and Helen.
VERB: V, V n

9.
If your memories dim or if something dims them, they become less clear in your mind.
Their memory of what happened has dimmed...
The intervening years had dimmed his memory.
VERB: V, V n

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹dim /ˈdɪm/ adj dim·mer; dim·mest
1 : not bright or clear
• I found her sitting in a dim [=dark] corner of the restaurant.
• a dim [=obscure, faint] light
• dim stars : not seen clearly
• Just the dim outline of the building could be seen through the fog.
2 : not understood or remembered in a clear way
• We had only a dim [=faint, vague] notion of what was going on.
• I have a dim memory of your last visit.
- see also the dim and distant past at distant
3 : not likely to be good or successful
• Prospects for a quick settlement of the strike appear dim. [=unlikely]
• (US) The industry faces a dim [=grim] future.
4 : not good or favorable - used in the phrase dim view
• The author's dim view [=bad opinion] of politicians is apparent throughout the book.
• She takes a dim view of human nature. [=she believes that people are naturally bad]
• Many fans take a dim view of [=many fans are unhappy about] recent changes in the team.
5 informal : not intelligent : stupid or dim-witted
• She found him pretty dim at times.
- dim·ly adv
• The lights were shining dimly.
• a dimly lit room
• I dimly remember him.
- dim·ness noun [noncount]
• the gray dimness of dawn

American English

British English

darkness and becoming dark

C2 (Proficient)

adjective

warm

warm [adjective] (TEMPERATURE)

Having or producing a comfortably high temperature, although not hot

/wɔːrm/

/wɔːm/

گرم

Example:

This sleeping bag is very warm.

این کیسه خواب خیلی گرم است.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

adjective (warmer, warmest)

pronunciation
The word warm sounds like storm.

1 having a pleasant temperature that is fairly high, between cool and hot:
It's warm by the fire.
Look at the note at hot.

2 Warm clothes are clothes that stop you feeling cold:
It's cold in the mountains, so take some warm clothes with you.

3 friendly and kind:
Martha is a very warm person.
opposite cold

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

warm

I. warm¹ S2 W2 /wɔːm $ wɔːrm/ BrE AmE adjective
[Word Family: noun: ↑warmth, the warm, ↑warmer, ↑warming; adverb: ↑warmly, ↑warm; adjective: ↑warm, ↑warming; verb: ↑warm]
[Language: Old English; Origin: wearm]
1. BE WARM slightly hot, especially in a pleasant way OPP cool ⇨ warmth:
The house was lovely and warm.
I hope we get some warm weather soon.
I’ve put your dinner in the oven to keep it warm.
warm water
2. FEEL WARM if you are warm, your body is at a comfortable temperature:
Are you warm enough?
keep/stay warm (=wear enough clothes not to feel cold)
Make sure you keep warm!
You’ll be as warm as toast in that sleeping bag.
3. CLOTHES/BUILDINGS clothes or buildings that are warm can keep in heat or keep out cold:
Here, put on your nice warm coat.
4. FRIENDLY friendly or making someone feel comfortable and relaxed:
a warm, reassuring smile
Please give a warm welcome to our special guest.
a warm glow of satisfaction
The Hungarian people are warm and friendly.
5. COLOUR warm colours contain the colours red, yellow, and orange, which make you feel comfortable and happy OPP cool
6. CORRECT [not before noun] used especially in games to say that someone is near to guessing the correct answer or finding a hidden object OPP cold:
You’re getting warmer.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

warm

warm [warm warms warmed warming warmer warmest] adjective, verb, noun, adverb [wɔːm] [wɔːrm]

adjective (warm·er, warm·est)

AT PLEASANT TEMPERATURE
1. at a fairly high temperature in a way that is pleasant, rather than being hot or cold
• a warm breeze
• Wash the blouse in warm soapy water.
• It's nice and warm in here.
• Are you warm enough?
• The children jumped up and down to keep warm.
• You'll be as warm as toast in here.
• Heat the bread until it is warm to the touch.
• Wait for the warmer weather before putting the plants in the garden.
• The sun felt warm on his skin.

• I can't seem to get warm.

CLOTHES/BUILDINGS

2. keeping you warm or staying warm in cold weather
• a warm pair of socks
• This sleeping bag is very warm.

• a warm house

FRIENDLY

3. showing enthusiasm and/or affection; friendly
• His smile was warm and friendly.
• The speaker was given a warm welcome/reception.
• Please send her my warmest congratulations.

• Her comments were greeted with warm applause.

COLOURS

4. (of colours) containing red, orange or yellow, which creates a pleasant, comfortable and relaxed feeling or atmosphere

• The room was decorated in warm shades of red and orange.

IN GAME

5. not before noun used to say that sb has almost guessed the answer to sth or that they have almost found sb/sth that has been hidden
• Keep guessing— you're getting warmer.
see also warmth
Word Origin:
Old English wearm (adjective), werman, wearmian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German warm, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin formus ‘warm’ and Greek thermos ‘hot’.
Example Bank:
• Add the soured cream and cook, stirring, until just warm.
• Are you sure you'll be warm enough dressed like that?
• Bake for 15 minutes and serve warm with Greek yogurt.
• Come and have a nice warm drink by the fire.
• How can we get warm?
• I slid further down into the pleasantly warm bed
• It was a mild day, almost warm.
• She felt her face grow warm at his remarks.
• She tries to keep warm by sitting right next to the fire.
• That jacket looks nice and warm.
• The bread should stay warm for at least half an hour.
• The machine may feel warm to the touch.
• The night air was soft and unseasonably warm.
• The room seemed uncomfortably warm.
• The weather had turned warm.
• These will keep your feet warm.
• an extremely warm and friendly person
• His comments were greeted with warm applause.
• I wish I had a warm house to go back to.
• It's nice and warm in here.
• Make sure you pack some warm clothes.
• Reds and yellows are warm colours that attract attention.
• The house is decorated in warm shades of red and orange.
• The leaves swayed slowly in the soft, warm breeze.
• The speaker was given a warm welcome.
• They stood on the corner, stamping their feet to keep warm.
• This plant will only grow in a warm climate.
• This sleeping bag is really warm.
• You'll be as warm as toast in here.
Idiom: warm the cockles
Derived Word: warmly

Derived: warm down ▪ warm somebody up ▪ warm something up ▪ warm to somebody ▪ warm to something ▪ warm up

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

warm / wɔːm / / wɔːrm / adjective (TEMPERATURE)

A1 having or producing a comfortably high temperature, although not hot:

Are you warm enough or do you want the fire on?

I've got my hands in my pockets to keep them warm.

A2 describes clothes and covers made of a material that keeps you warm:

I don't have a warm winter coat.

Those gloves look nice and warm.

A warm colour is one that is based on or contains a colour such as red, yellow, or orange that suggests warmth. the warm UK a warm place:

It's cold standing out there - come into the warm.

warmly / ˈwɔːm.li / / ˈwɔːrm- / adverb

He shook my hand warmly.

You're not dressed warmly enough - put a sweater on.

warmth / wɔːmθ / / wɔːrmθ / noun [ U ]

I've put a T-shirt on under my sweater for extra warmth.

warm / wɔːm / / wɔːrm / adjective (FRIENDLY)

B1 friendly and loving:

They're a very warm family.

He has a lovely warm smile.

I'd like to give a warm welcome to our guests this evening.

warmly / ˈwɔːm.li / / ˈwɔːrm- / adverb

He shook my hand warmly.

You're not dressed warmly enough - put a sweater on.

warmth / wɔːmθ / / wɔːrmθ / noun [ U ]

I've put a T-shirt on under my sweater for extra warmth.

warm / wɔːm / / wɔːrm / adjective [ after verb ] informal (NEAR)

(especially in children's games) near to guessing a correct answer or to discovering a hidden object:

You're getting warmer!

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

warm

/wɔ:(r)m/
(warmer, warmest, warms, warming, warmed)

Frequency: The word is one of the 1500 most common words in English.

1.
Something that is warm has some heat but not enough to be hot.
Because it was warm, David wore only a white cotton shirt...
Dissolve the salt in the warm water.
≠ cool
ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ

2.
Warm clothes and blankets are made of a material such as wool which protects you from the cold.
They have been forced to sleep in the open without food or warm clothing...
≠ cool
ADJ
• warm‧ly
Remember to wrap up warmly on cold days.
...warmly dressed.
ADV: ADV after v, ADV -ed

3.
Warm colours have red or yellow in them rather than blue or green, and make you feel comfortable and relaxed.
The basement hallway is painted a warm yellow.
ADJ: usu ADJ n

4.
A warm person is friendly and shows a lot of affection or enthusiasm in their behaviour.
She was a warm and loving mother...
I would like to express my warmest thanks to the doctors.
ADJ
• warm‧ly
New members are warmly welcomed...
He greeted me warmly.
ADV: ADV with v

5.
If you warm a part of your body or if something hot warms it, it stops feeling cold and starts to feel hotter.
The sun had come out to warm his back...
She went to warm her hands by the log fire.
VERB: V n, V n

6.
If you warm to a person or an idea, you become fonder of the person or more interested in the idea.
Those who got to know him better warmed to his openness and honesty...
VERB: V to n

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹warm /ˈwoɚm/ adj warm·er; -est
1 a : somewhat hot : not cool or cold
• Be sure to keep warm when you go outside.
• warm weather
• a warm fire/radiator
• I'm feeling warm.
• We sat by the fire to stay warm.
• It's too warm in here. We should open a window.
b : causing or allowing you to feel warm
• This sweater is warm.
• warm clothing
• The sunshine was warm on my face.
2 : feeling or showing friendship and affection
• We were met with a warm welcome.
• She has a warm and friendly nature.
• The letter was signed, “warmest regards.”
• She gave us each a long, warm hug.
3 : close to finding something, solving a puzzle, etc.
• Keep going; you're getting warm.
4 a : having a yellow, orange, or red color
• a room decorated in warm colors/shades
b of sound : rich and full : not thin or harsh
• the warm sound of the cello
(as) warm as toast informal : comfortably or pleasantly warm
• The room was cold but I was as warm as toast lying under the covers in bed.
- warm·ness /ˈwoɚmnəs/ noun [noncount]
• the warmness of a summer's day
• She welcomed us with warmness.

cool

cool [adjective] (COLD)

slightly cold

/kuːl/

خنک

Example:

Store medicines in a cool dry place.

داروها را در جای خنک نگه داری کنید.

Oxford Essential Dictionary

adjective (cooler, coolest)

1 a little cold; not hot or warm:
cool weather
I'd like a cool drink.
Look at the note at cold.

2 not excited or angry same meaning calm

3 (informal) very good or fashionable:
Those are cool shoes you're wearing!

4 (informal) People say Cool! to show that they think something is a good idea:
'We're planning to go out for lunch tomorrow.' 'Cool!'

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

cool

I. cool¹ S2 W3 /kuːl/ BrE AmE adjective (comparative cooler, superlative coolest)
[Word Family: noun: ↑cool, ↑coolness, ↑cooler, ↑coolant; verb: ↑cool; adverb: ↑coolly; adjective: ↑cool]
[Language: Old English; Origin: col]
1. TEMPERATURE low in temperature, but not cold, often in a way that feels pleasant:
She swam out into the cool water.
The evening air was cool.
Relax in the sun with a cool drink.
the cooler weather of September
2. CLOTHING clothing that is cool is made of thin material so that you do not become too hot:
a cool cotton dress
3. CALM calm and not nervous, upset, or excited
keep/stay cool
his ability to keep cool in a crisis
She looks efficient and as cool as a cucumber.
Outwardly she is cool, calm, and collected.
a cool customer (=someone who always behaves calmly)
Keep a cool head (=stay calm).
4. APPROVAL informal very attractive, fashionable, interesting etc in a way that people admire – used in order to show approval:
She’s pretty cool.
You look cool in denim.
Cool bike!
‘I’m thinking of studying abroad.’ ‘Really? Cool.’
5. AGREEMENT spoken used to say that you agree with something, that you understand it, or that it does not annoy you:
OK, Ryan, that’s cool, I can do it.
‘I just have to go, you know.’ ‘It’s all right, it’s cool.’
‘I’m finished.’ ‘Cool.’
cool about
My mum was cool about whatever I wore.
something is cool with somebody
Is Friday cool with you guys?
somebody is cool with something
‘Do you want to come over and watch a video tonight?’ ‘I’m cool with that.’
6. NOT FRIENDLY behaving in a way that is not as friendly as you expect:
My proposal met with a cool response.
Luke gave her a cool look.
7. COLOUR a cool colour is one, such as blue or green, that makes you think of cool things
8. a cool million/hundred thousand etc informal a surprisingly large amount of money:
He earns a cool half million every year.
—coolness noun [uncountable]:
the coolness of the nights
—coolly adverb:
She nodded coolly and walked out.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

cool

cool [cool cools cooled cooling] adjective, verb, noun [kuːl] [kuːl]

adjective (cool·er, cool·est)

FAIRLY COLD
1. fairly cold; not hot or warm
• a cool breeze/drink/climate
• Cooler weather is forecast for the weekend.
• Let's sit in the shade and keep cool.

• Store lemons in a cool dry place.

COLOURS

2. making you feel pleasantly cool

• a room painted in cool greens and blues

CALM

3. calm; not excited, angry or emotional
• Keep cool!
• She tried to remain cool, calm and collected (= calm).

• He has a cool head (= he stays calm in an emergency).

NOT FRIENDLY/ENTHUSIASTIC

4. not friendly, interested or enthusiastic
• She was decidedly cool about the proposal.
• He has been cool towards me ever since we had that argument.
• They gave the Prime Minister a cool reception.

• Her voice was cool and dismissive.

APPROVING

5. (informal) used to show that you admire or approve of sth because it is fashionable, attractive and often different
• You look pretty cool with that new haircut.

• It's a cool movie.

6. (informal) people say Cool! or That's cool to show that they approve of sth or agree to a suggestion
• ‘We're meeting Jake for lunch and we can go on the yacht in the afternoon.’ ‘Cool!’
• ‘Can you come at 10.30 tomorrow?’ ‘That's cool’.

• I was surprised that she got the job, but I'm cool with it (= it's not a problem for me).

CONFIDENT

7. (informal) calm and confident in a way that lacks respect for other people, but makes people admire you as well as disapprove
• She just took his keys and walked out with them, cool as you please.

• He was a cool customer. No one would think to look for him in a city where he'd been arrested for killing a cop.

MONEY

8. only before noun (informal) used about a sum of money to emphasize how large it is
• The car cost a cool thirty thousand.
see also coolly, coolness
more at take a long (cool/hard) look at sth at long _adj.
Word Origin:
Old English cōl (noun), cōlian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch koel, also to cold.
Thesaurus:
cool adj.
1. (usually approving)
• Store medicines in a cool dry place.
cold • • chilly • • chill • |approving crisp • |often disapproving lukewarm • • tepid •
Opp: warm, Opp: hot
a cool/cold/chilly/chill/crisp day/morning
cool/cold/chilly/chill/crisp air
(a) cool/cold/lukewarm/tepid water/shower
2.
• You must try to stay cool, even in an emergency.
calm • • relaxed • • unperturbed • • composed • • controlled • |informal unfazed •
cool/calm/relaxed about sth
unperturbed/unfazed by sth
a cool/calm/relaxed/contolled manner/voice/way
Cool, calm or relaxed? Relaxed describes how you feel about sth. Cool is used more to describe how sb behaves: they don't let their feelings affect their behaviour. Calm can describe feelings or behaviour.
3.
• He's been cool towards me ever since we had the argument.
cold • • unfriendly • • frosty • • chilly • • remote • • distant • |written aloof •
Opp: warm, Opp: friendly
cool/cold/unfriendly to/towards sb
a/an cool/cold/unfriendly/frosty/distant/aloof manner
a cool/frosty/chilly reception
4. (informal)
• a really cool new video game
informal great • • fantastic • • fabulous • • terrific • |BrE, informal brilliant • |especially AmE, informal awesome • |slang wicked •
Opp: uncool, Opp: rubbish
a cool/great/fantastic/fabulous/terrific/brilliant/awesome/wicked place
have a cool/great/fantastic/fabulous/terrific/brilliant/awesome/wicked time
a cool/great/fantastic/fabulous/terrific/brilliant guy/girl
Synonyms:
cold
cool • freezing • chilly • lukewarm • tepid
These words all describe sb/sth that has a low temperature.
cold • having a temperature that is lower than usual or lower than the human body; (of food or drink) not heated; cooled after being cooked: ▪ I'm cold. Turn the heating up. ◊ ▪ Outside it was bitterly cold. ◊ ▪ a cold wind ◊ ▪ hot and cold water ◊ ▪ It's cold chicken for lunch.
cool • (often approving) fairly cold, especially in a pleasant way: ▪ a long cool drink ◊ ▪ We found a cool place to sit.
freezing • extremely cold; having a temperature below 0° Celsius: ▪ It's absolutely freezing outside. ◊ ▪ I'm freezing!
chilly • (rather informal) too cold to be comfortable: ▪ Bring a coat. It might turn chilly later.
lukewarm • (often disapproving) slightly warm, sometimes in an unpleasant way: ▪ Her coffee was now lukewarm.
tepid • (often disapproving) slightly warm, sometimes in an unpleasant way: ▪ a jug of tepid water
lukewarm or tepid?
There is really no difference in meaning or use between these words.
to feel/get cold/cool/chilly
cold/cool/freezing/chilly air/weather
a cold/cool/freezing/chilly wind
cold/cool/freezing/lukewarm/tepid water
a cold/cool/lukewarm/tepid shower/bath
cold/lukewarm/tepid tea/coffee/food
a cold/cool drink
It's cold/chilly/freezing outside.
Synonyms:
great
cool • fantastic • fabulous • terrific • brilliant • awesome
These are all informal words that describe sb/sth that is very good, pleasant, enjoyable, etc.
great • (informal) very good; giving a lot of pleasure: ▪ We had a great time in Madrid.
cool • (informal) used to show that you admire or approve of sth, often because it is fashionable, attractive or different: ▪ I think their new song's really cool.
fantastic • (informal) extremely good; giving a lot of pleasure: ▪ ‘How was your holiday?’ ‘Fantastic!’
fabulous • (informal) extremely good: ▪ Jane's a fabulous cook. (Fabulous is slightly more old-fashioned than the other words in this set.)
terrific • (informal) extremely good; wonderful: ▪ She's doing a terrific job.
brilliant • (BrE, informal) extremely good; wonderful: ▪ ‘How was the show?’ ‘Brilliant!’
awesome • (informal, especially NAmE) very good, impressive, or enjoyable: ▪ The show was just awesome.
to have a(n) great/cool/fantastic/fabulous/terrific/brilliant/awesome time
to look/sound great/cool/fantastic/fabulous/terrific/brilliant/awesome
really great/cool/fantastic/fabulous/terrific/brilliant/awesome
absolutely great/fantastic/fabulous/terrific/brilliant/awesome
Example Bank:
• He did his best to appear cool, calm and collected.
• He forced himself to count to ten and act cool.
• He was cool towards me.
• I knew I needed surgery, and I was cool with it.
• I'm sorry I acted cool toward you.
• It was a relatively cool night.
• It will probably get cool later, so bring a coat.
• It's so cool you came back!
• Professionally cool, she went back to her patient.
• She managed to stay cool during the meeting.
• She was distinctly cool about their plans.
• She's completely cool about what happened.
• The cave was refreshingly cool.
• The forest looked cool and shady.
• The temple was light, spacious and blissfully cool.
• The weather that June was unseasonably cool.
• Try to keep the drinks cool.
• Wait until the cake is completely cool before cutting.
• You look really cool in those jeans.
• ‘We're meeting Jake later.’ ‘Cool!’
• ‘What's his new girlfriend like?’ ‘She's cool.’
• A cool breeze played in the trees.
• He has a cool head.
• He has been cool towards me ever since we had the argument.
• His new car's pretty cool.
• I think their new song's really cool.
• Keep cool. We'll sort this out.
• Let's sit in the shade and keep cool.
• She tried to remain cool, calm and collected.
• Store medicines in a cool dry place.
• The hall was deliciously cool and dark.
• The water was blissfully cool.
• They bathed in the cool water.
• They gave the Prime Minister a cool reception.
• We found a cool place to sit.
• What is she like beneath her cool, confident exterior?
• a long cool drink
Idioms: cool as a cucumber ▪ cool it! ▪ cool your heels ▪ keep your cool ▪ lose your cool ▪ play it cool

Derived: cool off ▪ cool out ▪ cool somebody off ▪ cool something off

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

cool / kuːl / adjective (COLD)

B1 slightly cold:

cool water

cool weather

B1 slightly cold in a pleasant way:

It was a lovely cool evening.

How do you manage to look so cool in this hot weather?

describes a temperature that is slightly too cold:

It 's a bit cool in here, isn't it? I think I'll close the window.

cool / kuːl / adjective (CALM)

C1 calm and not worried or frightened; not influenced by strong feeling of any kind:

He was very cool and calm about the mishap, and didn't shout or lose his temper.

Stay/Keep cool (= do not become angry or excited) .

be cool with sth informal to be happy to accept a situation or suggestion:

Yeah, we could leave later - I'm cool with that.

cool / kuːl / adjective (COLOUR)

describes colours, such as blue or green, that make you feel calm and relaxed:

The bedroom was painted a lovely cool blue.

cool / kuːl / adjective (UNFRIENDLY)

C2 unfriendly or not showing kindness or interest in something or someone:

She was decidedly cool towards me.

I got a rather cool reception / welcome this evening. What do you think I've done wrong?

cool / kuːl / adjective informal (FASHIONABLE)

A2 fashionable or attractive:

Angie's got some cool new sunglasses.

Now I know it won't look very cool, but this hat will keep the sun out of your eyes.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

cool

/ku:l/
(cooler, coolest, cools, cooling, cooled)

Frequency: The word is one of the 1500 most common words in English.

1.
Something that is cool has a temperature which is low but not very low.
I felt a current of cool air...
The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators.
≠ warm
ADJ

2.
If it is cool, or if a place is cool, the temperature of the air is low but not very low.
Thank goodness it’s cool in here...
Store grains and cereals in a cool, dry place.
...a cool November evening.
≠ warm
ADJ: oft it v-link ADJ
•
Cool is also a noun.
She walked into the cool of the hallway.
N-SING: the N, oft N of n

3.
Clothing that is cool is made of thin material so that you do not become too hot in hot weather.
In warm weather, you should wear clothing that is cool and comfortable.
≠ warm
ADJ

4.
Cool colours are light colours which give an impression of coolness.
Choose a cool colour such as cream...
≠ warm
ADJ: ADJ n

5.
When something cools or when you cool it, it becomes lower in temperature.
Drain the meat and allow it to cool...
Huge fans will have to cool the concrete floor to keep it below 150 degrees.
...a cooling breeze.
VERB: V, V n, V-ing
•
To cool down means the same as to cool.
Avoid putting your car away until the engine has cooled down...
The other main way the body cools itself down is by panting.
PHRASAL VERB: V P, V n P

6.
When a feeling or emotion cools, or when you cool it, it becomes less powerful.
Within a few minutes tempers had cooled...
His weird behaviour had cooled her passion.
VERB: V, V n

7.
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool, you mean that they are calm and unemotional, especially in a difficult situation.
He was marvelously cool again, smiling as if nothing had happened...
= calm
ADJ [approval]
• cool‧ly
Everyone must think this situation through calmly and coolly.
...coolly ‘objective’ professionals.
ADV

8.
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool, you mean that they are unfriendly or not enthusiastic.
I didn’t like him at all. I thought he was cool, aloof, and arrogant...
The idea met with a cool response...
ADJ
• cool‧ly
‘It’s your choice, Nina,’ David said coolly.
ADV: usu ADV with v, also ADV adj

9.
If you say that a person or their behaviour is cool, you mean that they are fashionable and attractive. (INFORMAL)
He was trying to be really cool and trendy.
ADJ [approval]

10.
If you say that someone is cool about something, you mean that they accept it and are not angry or upset about it. (mainly AM INFORMAL)
Bev was really cool about it all.
ADJ: v-link ADJ, oft ADJ about n [approval]

11.
If you say that something is cool, you think it is very good. (INFORMAL)
Kathleen gave me a really cool dress.
= neat
ADJ

12.
You can use cool to emphasize that an amount or figure is very large, especially when it has been obtained easily. (INFORMAL)
Columbia recently re-signed the band for a cool $30 million.
ADJ: ADJ n [emphasis]

13.
If you keep your cool in a difficult situation, you manage to remain calm. If you lose your cool, you get angry or upset. (INFORMAL)
She kept her cool and managed to get herself out of the ordeal...
PHRASE: V inflects

14.
If you play it cool, you deliberately behave in a calm, unemotional way because you do not want people to know you are enthusiastic or angry about something. (INFORMAL)
It’s ridiculous to play it cool if someone you’re mad about is mad about you too.
PHRASE: V inflects

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹cool /ˈkuːl/ adj cool·er; cool·est
1 [or more ~; most ~] : somewhat cold : not warm or hot
• a cool breeze
• The weather is cool today.
• The surface is cool to the touch.
• The plant grows best in cool climates.
• I'm feeling a little cool.
• a cool refreshing drink
• It's cooler [=less warm or hot] in the shade.
• This is the coolest [=least warm or hot] summer on record.
2 : made of a light, thin material that helps you stay cool
• We changed into some cooler clothes.
3 [or more ~; most ~] : able to think and act in a calm way : not affected by strong feelings
• It is important to keep a cool head in a crisis. = It is important to keep/stay cool in a crisis. [=it is important to remain calm in a crisis]
• She remained calm, cool, and collected.
• He is a cool customer. [=he is someone who remains calm and is not easily upset]
✦If you are (as) cool as a cucumber, you are very calm and able to think clearly often in a difficult situation.
• Even in the emergency, she remained as cool as a cucumber.
• The reporter was cool as a cucumber despite the confusion all around her.
4 [or more ~; most ~] : not friendly
• a cool reply
• He replied with a cool “I don't think so.”
• She was always cool toward strangers.
• We were surprised by the cool reception we got.
5 [or more ~; most ~] informal
a : very fashionable, stylish, or appealing in a way that is generally approved of especially by young people
• cool sunglasses
• The car has a cool new look.
• You look cool in those jeans.
• a magazine article about the coolest places to live/work
- often used to show approval in a general way
• Your brother is so cool.
• That was a really cool [=good, excellent] movie.
• “I got a job as a lifeguard this summer.” “Cool.”
b
- used to suggest acceptance, agreement, or understanding
• “I'm sorry I'm late.” “It's/That's cool [=okay, all right]—don't worry about it.”
• “Is getting together Friday cool with you?” “Yeah, I'm cool with that.”
• I thought she'd be mad, but she was cool about it.
6 of a color : suggesting cool things
• Blue and green are cool colors, but red and orange are warm colors.
7 informal
- used for emphasis in referring to a large amount of money
• He's worth a cool million.
- cool·ish /ˈkuːlɪʃ/ adj
• a coolish day
• coolish colors
• He was a little coolish towards us.
- cool·ly adv
• “Is that so?,” she asked coolly.
• My idea was received coolly.
- cool·ness noun [noncount]
• the coolness of the mountain air
• I was surprised by his coolness towards us.
• He always displays coolness under pressure.

Search form

British English

Pages