verb

Example:

He commuted to Karaj every day.

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Oxford Essential Dictionary

commute

verb (commutes, commuting, commuted)
to travel a long way from home to work every day:
She lives in the country and commutes to London.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

commute

I. verb

I. com‧mute1 /kəˈmjuːt/ verb
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: commutare 'to exchange, change', from com- ( ⇨ COM-) + mutare 'to change']
1. [intransitive] to regularly travel a long distance to get to work
  commute to/from/between
   • Jim commutes to Manhattan every day.
2. commute a sentence (to something) technical to change the punishment given to a criminal to one that is less severe:
   • Baldry’s 20-year prison sentence was commuted to three years.
3. commute something for/into something technical to exchange one thing, especially one kind of payment, for another:
   • He commuted his pension for a lump sum.
     • • •

THESAURUS■ to travel

   ▪ travel to go from one place to another, especially places that are far apart: • We travelled to Russia by train. | • I love to travel.
   ▪ go to go somewhere – often used instead of travel: • We’re going to Greece for our holidays this year. | • He’s gone to London on business. | • It’s quicker to go by plane.
   ▪ commute to travel to work or school: • She commutes to work by bicycle.
   ▪ cross to travel across a very large area, for example a desert or ocean: • The slaves crossed the Atlantic in the holds of the ships.
   ▪ tour to travel in order to visit many different places, especially as part of a holiday: • They’re touring Europe by coach.
   ▪ go trekking to do a long and difficult walk in a place far from towns and cities: • They went trekking in the mountains. | • She’s been trekking in Nepal a couple of times.
   ▪ go backpacking to travel to a lot of different places, carrying your clothes with you in your rucksack: • He went backpacking in Australia.
   ▪ roam especially written to travel or move around an area with no clear purpose or direction, usually for a long time: • When he was young, he roamed from one country to another. | • The tribes used to roam around freely, without any fixed territory.
   ▪ journey literary to travel, especially a long distance: • He journeyed on horseback through Palestine.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

commute

com·mute[commutecommutescommutedcommuting]verb,noun [kəˈmjuːt] [kəˈmjuːt]

verb

1. intransitive, transitive to travel regularly by bus, train, car, etc. between your place of work and your home

• ~ (from A) (to B) She commutes from Oxford to London every day.

• ~ between A and B He spent that year commuting between New York and Chicago.

• I live within commuting distance of Dublin.

• ~ sth People are prepared to commute long distances if they are desperate for work.

2. transitive ~ sth (to sth) (law) to replace one punishment with another that is less severe

• The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.

3. transitive ~ sth (for/into sth) (finance) to exchange one form of payment, for sth else

Word Origin:

late Middle English (in the sense ‘interchange (two things)’): from Latin commutare, from com- ‘altogether’ + mutare ‘to change’. Sense 1 originally meant to buy and use a commutation ticket, the US term for a season ticket (because the daily fare is commuted to a single payment).

Culture:

commuting

Commuting is the practice of travelling a long distance to a town or city to work each day, and then travelling home again in the evening. The word commuting comes from commutation ticket, a US rail ticket for repeated journeys, called a season ticket in Britain. Regular travellers are called commuters.

The US has many commuters. A few, mostly on the East Coast, commute by train or subway, but most depend on the car. Some leave home very early to avoid the traffic jams, and sleep in their cars until their office opens. Many people accept a long trip to work so that they can live in quiet bedroom communities away from the city, but another reason is ‘ white flight ’. In the 1960s most cities began to desegregate their schools, so that there were no longer separate schools for white and black children. Many white families did not want to send their children to desegregated schools, so they moved to the suburbs, which have their own schools, and where, for various reasons, few black people live.

Millions of people in Britain commute by car or train. Some spend two or three hours a day travelling, so that they and their families can live in suburbia or in the countryside. Cities are surrounded by commuter belts. Part of the commuter belt around London is called the stockbroker belt because it contains houses where rich business people live. Some places are dormitory towns, because people sleep there but take little part in local activities.

Most commuters travel to and from work at the same time, causing the morning and evening rush hours, when buses and trains are crowded and there are traffic jams on the roads. Commuters on trains rarely talk to each other and spend their journey reading, sleeping or using their mobile phones. Increasing numbers of people now work at home some days of the week, linked to their offices by computer, a practice called telecommuting.

Cities in both Britain and the US are trying to reduce the number of cars coming into town each day. Some companies encourage car pooling (called car sharing in Britain), an arrangement for people who live and work near each other to travel together. Some US cities have a public service that helps such people to contact each other, and traffic lanes are reserved for car-pool vehicles. But cars and petrol/gas are cheap in the US, and many people prefer to drive alone because it gives them more freedom. Many cities have park-and-ride schemes, car parks on the edge of the city from which buses take drivers into the centre. In Britain in 2003 a scheme called congestion charging was introduced in London to make people who drive in the city centre pay a congestion charge.

Example Bank:

• She commutes from Peterborough to London every day.

• She commutes from Sunset Park to Manhattan each morning.

• The capital invested will be commuted to a loan.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

commute / kəˈmjuːt / verb [ I ] (TRAVEL)

C1 to make the same journey regularly between work and home:

It's exhausting commuting from Brighton to London every day.

commute / kəˈmjuːt / verb (CHANGE)

[ T ] formal to change one thing into another:

People used to believe that you could commute base metals into gold.

[ T ] specialized to exchange one type of payment for a different type:

I think I'll commute my life insurance into an annuity.

[ T ] legal to change a punishment to one that is less severe:

Her sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

commute

[kəmju͟ːt]
commutes, commuting, commuted
1) VERB If you commute, you travel a long distance every day between your home and your place of work.
  [V to/from n] Mike commutes to London every day...
  [V between n and n] McLaren began commuting between Paris and London...
  He's going to commute.
  Derived words:
  commuter plural N-COUNT The number of commuters to London has dropped by 100,000. ...a commuter train.
2) N-COUNT A commute is the journey that you make when you commute. [mainly AM]
  The average Los Angeles commute is over 60 miles a day.
3) VERB: usu passive If a death sentence or prison sentence is commuted to a less serious punishment, it is changed to that punishment.
  [be V-ed to n] His death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment...
  [be V-ed] Prison sentences have been commuted.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹com·mute /kəˈmjuːt/ verb -mutes; -mut·ed; -mut·ing
1 [no obj] : to travel regularly to and from a place and especially between where you live and where you work
• He commutes to work every day by train.
• She commutes 400 miles a week.
- compare telecommute
2 [+ obj] law : to change (a punishment) to a less severe one
• The judge commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment.
- com·mut·er /kəˈmjuːtɚ/ noun, pl -ers [count]
• busy commuters on their way to work
• a commuter train

commute

water

water [verb] (GIVE WATER)

/ˈwɑː.t̬ɚ/

/ˈwɔː.tər/

Example:

Pari watered the flowers.

to pour water on plants to keep them healthy

Persian equivalent:

gardening - general words

Example:

Pari watered the flowers.

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B2 (Upper-intermediate)

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Oxford Essential Dictionary

water

verb (waters, watering, watered )

1 to give water to plants:
Have you watered the plants?

2 When your eyes water, they fill with tears:
The smoke made my eyes water.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

II. verb

II. water2 verb
[Word Family: adjective: underwater, water, waterless; noun: water, waters; verb: water; adverb: underwater]
1. PLANT/LAND [transitive] if you water plants or the ground they are growing in, you pour water on them:
   • Will you water my houseplants while I’m away?
   • The garden needs watering daily.
2. your eyes water if your eyes water, tears come out of them:
   • Chopping onions makes my eyes water. ⇨ mouth-watering, ⇨ make your mouth water at mouth1(11)
3. ANIMAL [transitive] to give an animal water to drink:
   • Have the horses been fed and watered?
4. RIVER [transitive usually passive] technical if an area is watered by a river, the river flows through it and provides it with water:
   • Colombia is watered by several rivers.
5. WEAKEN [transitive] (also water down) to add water to a drink to make it less strong
water something ↔ down phrasal verb
  1. to make a statement, report etc less forceful by changing it or removing parts that may offend people – used to show disapproval:
   • The report of the investigation had been watered down. ⇨ watered-down
  2. to add water to a drink to make it less strong SYN dilute

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

verb

1. transitive ~ sth to pour water on plants, etc

• to water the plants/garden

2. intransitive (of the eyes) to become full of tears

• The smoke made my eyes water.

3. intransitive (of the mouth) to produce saliva

• The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water.

4. transitive ~ sth to give water to an animal to drink

• to water the horses

• (humorous) After a tour of the grounds, the guests were fed and watered.

5. transitive, usually passive ~ sth (technical) (of a river, etc.) to provide an area of land with water

• The valley is watered by a stream.

6. transitive ~ sth to add water to an alcoholic drink

• watered wine

Word Origin:

Old English wæter (noun), wæterian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch water, German Wasser, from an Indo-European root shared by Russian voda (compare with vodka), also by Latin unda ‘wave’ and Greek hudōr ‘water’.

Example Bank:

• Keep the area well watered.

• Once we were fed and watered, she showed us up to our rooms.

• The proposals got somewhat watered down at committee stage.

• The roses need watering.

• The smell of the meat made her mouth water.

• Water your houseplants well before you go on holiday.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

water / ˈwɔː.tə r / / ˈwɑː.t̬ɚ / verb (GIVE WATER)

B2 [ T ] to pour water on to plants or the soil that they are growing in:

I've asked my neighbour to water the plants while I'm away.

[ T ] to give an animal water to drink:

The horses had been fed and watered.

water / ˈwɔː.tə r / / ˈwɑː.t̬ɚ / verb (PRODUCE LIQUID)

C2 [ I ] If your mouth waters, it produces a lot of saliva, usually because you can see or smell some food that you would like to eat:

The smell of that bread is making my mouth water!

[ I ] When your eyes water, they produce tears but not because you are unhappy:

How do you stop your eyes from watering when you're cutting up onions?

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

water

[wɔ͟ːtə(r)]

waters, watering, watered
1) N-UNCOUNT Water is a clear thin liquid that has no colour or taste when it is pure. It falls from clouds as rain and enters rivers and seas. All animals and people need water in order to live.
  Get me a glass of water.
  ...the sound of water hammering on the metal roof.
  ...a trio of children playing along the water's edge.
2) N-PLURAL: with supp You use waters to refer to a large area of sea, especially the area of sea which is near to a country and which is regarded as belonging to it.
  The ship will remain outside Chinese territorial waters.
  ...the open waters of the Arctic Ocean.
3) N-PLURAL: adj N You sometimes use waters to refer to a situation which is very complex or difficult.
  ...the man brought in to guide him through troubled waters...
  The British Government may be in stormy economic waters.
4) VERB If you water plants, you pour water over them in order to help them to grow.
  [V n] He went out to water the plants.
5) VERB If your eyes water, tears build up in them because they are hurting or because you are upset.
  His eyes watered from cigarette smoke.
6) VERB If you say that your mouth is watering, you mean that you can smell or see some nice food and you might mean that your mouth is producing a liquid.
→ See also mouth-watering
  ...cookies to make your mouth water.
  Syn:
  salivate
7) PHR-ERG: V inflects When a pregnant woman's waters break, the fluid in her womb that surrounds the baby passes out of her body, showing that the baby is ready to be born. A doctor or midwife can break a woman's waters so that the birth can begin.
  My waters broke at six in the morning and within four hours Jamie was born.
8) PHRASE: v-link PHR If you say that an event or incident is water under the bridge, you mean that it has happened and cannot now be changed, so there is no point in worrying about it any more.
  He was relieved his time in jail was over and regarded it as water under the bridge.
9) PHRASE If you are in deep water, you are in a difficult or awkward situation.
  You certainly seem to be in deep water...
  I could tell that we were getting off the subject and into deep water.
10) PHRASE: V inflects, usu with brd-neg If an argument or theory does not hold water, it does not seem to be reasonable or be in accordance with the facts.
  This argument simply cannot hold water in Europe.
11) PHRASE: v-link PHR, PHR after v If you are in hot water, you are in trouble. [INFORMAL]
  The company has already been in hot water over high prices this year.
12) PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n If you pour cold water on an idea or suggestion, you show that you have a low opinion of it.
  City economists pour cold water on the idea that the economic recovery has begun.
13) PHRASE: V and N inflect If you test the water or test the waters, you try to find out what reaction an action or idea will get before you do it or tell it to people.
  You should be cautious when getting involved and test the water before committing yourself.
14) like water off a duck's back → see duck
to take to something like a duck to water → see duck
like a fish out of water → see fish
to keep your head above water → see head
to pour oil on troubled waters → see oil
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - water down

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

water

²water verb -ters; -tered; -ter·ing
1 [+ obj] : to pour water on (something, such as a plant)
• We need to water the lawn/garden/plants.
2 [+ obj] : to give (an animal) water to drink
• They fed and watered the horses in the barn.
3 [no obj] of the eyes : to produce tears
• My eyes were watering as I chopped the onions.
4 [no obj] of the mouth : to become wet with saliva especially because you want to eat or taste something
• Just smelling chocolate makes my mouth water. [=makes me want to taste or eat chocolate]
- see also mouth-watering
5 [+ obj] technical : to supply water to (a region or city) - usually used as (be) watered
• The vineyards are in a region watered by two rivers.
water down [phrasal verb] water (something) down or water down (something)
1 : to make (an alcoholic drink) weaker by adding water to it
• Someone watered down [=diluted] the punch.
2 disapproving : to make (something) less effective, powerful, etc.
• He had to water down [=simplify] the lecture for the younger students.
• The movie watered down the lessons of the book.

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

water

dream

/driːm/

o experience events and images in your mind while you are sleeping

Persian equivalent:

Example:

Last night I dreamed that my father was alive.

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Oxford Essential Dictionary

dream

verb (dreams, dreaming, dreamt or dreamed /, has dreamt or has dreamed)

1 to have a picture or idea in your mind when you are asleep:
I dreamt about you last night.
I dreamt that I was flying.

2 to hope for something nice in the future:
She dreams of becoming a famous actress.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

II. dream2 S3 W3 BrE AmE verb (past tense and past participle dreamed or dreamt /dremt/)
[Word Family: adjective: dream, ↑dreamless, ↑dreamy; noun: ↑dream, ↑dreamer; verb: ↑dream; adverb: ↑dreamily]
1. WISH [intransitive and transitive] to think about something that you would like to happen or have
dream of/about (doing) something
She dreamed of becoming a chef.
He’s got the sort of money that you and I can only dream about.
dream (that)
She dreamed that one day she would be famous.
2. WHILE SLEEPING [intransitive and transitive] to have a dream while you are asleep
dream about
I dreamt about you last night.
dream (that)
It’s quite common to dream that you’re falling.
3. NOT PAY ATTENTION [intransitive] to think about something else and not give your attention to what is happening around you SYN daydream:
She had been dreaming and had not followed the conversation.
4. IMAGINE [intransitive and transitive] to imagine that you have done, seen, or heard something that you have not:
I was sure I posted the letter but I must have dreamt it.
5. never dreamed (that) used to say that you did not think that something would happen:
We never dreamed that we would get through to the next round.
6. wouldn’t dream of (doing) something spoken used to say that you would never do something because you think it is bad or wrong:
I wouldn’t dream of letting strangers look after my own grandmother!
7. who would have dreamt that ...? spoken used to express surprise about something that has happened:
Who would have dreamt that this would happen?
dream something ↔ away phrasal verb
to waste time by thinking about what may happen:
She would just sit in her room dreaming away the hours.
dream on phrasal verb [only in imperative] spoken
used to tell someone that they are hoping for something that will not happen:
You think I’m going to help you move house? Dream on!
dream something ↔ up phrasal verb
to think of a plan or idea, especially an unusual one:
He was continually dreaming up new schemes to promote and enlarge the business.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

verb (dreamt, dreamt [dremt] ; [dremt] ) or (dreamed, dreamed)
1. intransitive, transitive to experience a series of images, events and feelings in your mind while you are asleep
• Did I talk in my sleep? I must have been dreaming.
• ~ of/about sb/sth I dreamt about you last night.
• ~ sth Did it really happen or did I just dream it?

• ~ (that)… I dreamt (that) I got the job.

2. intransitive, transitive to imagine and think about sth that you would like to happen
• ~ of/about sth She dreams of running her own business.
• It was the kind of trip most of us only dream about.
• ~ of/about doing sth (informal) I wouldn't dream of going without you (= I would never go without you).
• ~ sth Who'd have dreamt it? They're getting married.
• ~ (that)… I never dreamt (that) I'd actually get the job.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: of Germanic origin, related to Dutch droom and German Traum, and probably also to Old English drēam ‘joy, music’.
Example Bank:
• As a child she always dreamed of working with animals.
• He often dreamed of owning a house right on the beach.
• I never dreamed I'd actually get the job.
• I wouldn't dream of going without you.
• It was the kind of trip most of us can only dream about.
• People have long dreamed of an egalitarian society.
• I always dreamed that one day I'd be famous.
• I dreamed about you last night.
• It might never happen, but I can dream can't I?

• The people still dreamed about peace returning to their country.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

dream / driːm / verb ( dreamed or dreamt , dreamed or dreamt ) (SLEEP)

A2 [ I or T ] to experience events and images in your mind while you are sleeping:

What did you dream about last night?

I often dream about/of flying.

[ + that ] I dreamed that I was having a baby.

[ I or T ] mainly UK to imagine that you have heard, done, or seen something when you have not:

Did you say that you were going tonight or did I dream it?

I thought I'd bought some polish and it seems I haven't - I must have been dreaming.

dream / driːm / verb ( dreamed or dreamt , dreamed or dreamt ) (HOPE)

B1 [ I ] to imagine something that you would like to happen:

I dream of living on a tropical island.

[ + that ] He never dreamed that one day he would become president.

dream on informal used to tell someone that what they are hoping for is not likely to happen or to be true:

"Watch. All I have to do is wink at her, and she'll come over here." "Dream on, Dave!"

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

dream

[dri͟ːm]
♦♦
dreams, dreaming, dreamed, dreamt
(American English uses the form dreamed as the past tense and past participle. British English uses either dreamed or dreamt.)
1) N-COUNT A dream is an imaginary series of events that you experience in your mind while you are asleep.
  He had a dream about Claire...
  I had a dream that I was in an old study, surrounded by leather books.
2) VERB When you dream, you experience imaginary events in your mind while you are asleep.
  [V that] Ivor dreamed that he was on a bus...
  [V about/of n] She dreamed about her baby. [Also V]
3) N-COUNT: usu with supp You can refer to a situation or event as a dream if you often think about it because you would like it to happen.
  He had finally accomplished his dream of becoming a pilot...
  My dream is to have a house in the country...
  You can make that dream come true.
  Syn:
  ambition
4) VERB If you often think about something that you would very much like to happen or have, you can say that you dream of it.
  [V of/about n/-ing] As a schoolgirl, she had dreamed of becoming an actress...
  [V of/about n/-ing] For most of us, a brand new designer kitchen is something we can only dream about...
  [V that] I dream that my son will attend college and find a good job.
5) ADJ: ADJ n You can use dream to describe something that you think is ideal or perfect, especially if it is something that you thought you would never be able to have or experience.
  He had his dream house built on the banks of the river Bure.
  ...a dream holiday to Jamaica.
6) N-SING: poss N If you describe something as a particular person's dream, you think that it would be ideal for that person and that he or she would like it very much.
  Greece is said to be a botanist's dream...
  He's every girl's dream!
7) N-SING: a N If you say that something is a dream, you mean that it is wonderful. [INFORMAL]
8) N-COUNT: usu sing, with supp You can refer to a situation or event that does not seem real as a dream, especially if it is very strange or unpleasant.
  When the right woman comes along, this bad dream will be over.
9) VERB: with neg (emphasis) If you say that you would not dream of doing something, you are emphasizing that you would never do it because you think it is wrong or is not possible or suitable for you.
  [V of -ing/n] I wouldn't dream of making fun of you...
  [V of -ing/n] My sons would never dream of expecting their clothes to be ironed.
10) VERB: with brd-neg (emphasis) If you say that you never dreamed that something would happen, you are emphasizing that you did not think that it would happen because it seemed very unlikely.
  [V that] I never dreamed that I would be able to afford a home here...
  [V of n] Who could ever dream of a disaster like this?...
  I find life more charming and more astonishing than I'd ever dreamed.
11) → See also pipe dream, wet dream
12) PHRASE If you tell someone to dream on, you mean that something they are hoping for is unlikely to happen.
  `Perhaps one day I may go on a relaxing holiday.' - `Yeah, dream on.'
13) PHRASE: PHR after v, v-link PHR If you say that you are in a dream, you mean that you do not concentrate properly on what you are doing because you are thinking about other things.
  All day long I moved in a dream, my body performing its duties automatically.
14) PHRASE: PHR after v If you say that someone does something like a dream, you think that they do it very well. If you say that something happens like a dream, you mean that it happens successfully without any problems.
  She cooked like a dream...
  His ship had sailed like a dream.
15) PHRASE: n PHR If you describe someone or something as the person or thing of your dreams, you mean that you consider them to be ideal or perfect.
  This could be the man of my dreams.
16) PHRASE: with brd-neg, PHR with cl (emphasis) If you say that you could not imagine a particular thing in your wildest dreams, you are emphasizing that you think it is extremely strange or unlikely.
  Never in my wildest dreams could I imagine there would be this kind of money in the game.
17) PHRASE: n PHR, PHR after v, v-link PHR (emphasis) If you describe something as being beyond your wildest dreams, you are emphasizing that it is better than you could have imagined or hoped for.
  She had already achieved success beyond her wildest dreams.
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - dream up

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

dream

²dream verb dreams; dreamed /ˈdrɛmt, ˈdriːmd/ or dreamt /ˈdrɛmt/; dream·ing
1 : to have visions and thoughts in your sleep : to have a dream while you are sleeping

[no obj]

- often + of or about
• He dreamed of drowning and woke up trembling.
• I have trouble remembering the things I dream about.

[+ obj]

• Last night I dreamed (that) you were here talking to me.
• Did it really happen or did I just dream it?
2 : to think about something that you wish would happen or something that you want to do or be

[no obj]

• He tends to dream big but he never really does the things he dreams of doing.
• She stared out the window dreaming. [=daydreaming]
• You're dreaming [=you're completely wrong] if you think being a parent is going to be easy.
- often + of
• She spent hours reading love stories and dreaming of romance.
• They dreamed of success.
• He dreamed of becoming a teacher.

[+ obj]

• As a child, I always dreamed (that) I would be an astronaut when I grew up.
• I sat on the porch and dreamed away the day. [=I spent the whole day thinking and dreaming]
• I never dreamt that it would be so difficult. [=it was much more difficult than I expected it to be]
dream on informal
- used to say that you do not think something that another person wants or expects will ever happen
• “I think my band will be famous one day.” “Dream on.”
dream up [phrasal verb] dream up (something) also dream (something) up : to think of or invent (something) in your mind
• He dreams up all sorts of fantastic adventures.
• She tries a lot of new recipes that she dreams up herself.
• They dreamed up a plan to get the information.
never/not dream of
- used to say that you would never do something or think of doing something
• I would never dream of asking for more money.
• “Did you ever do anything to hurt her?” “I wouldn't dream of it!”

dream

born

born [verb]

/bɔːrn/

/bɔːn/

Example:

born in Ardebil

To come out of a mother's body, and start to exist

Persian equivalent:

Example:

born in Ardebil

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

born

adjective

be born to start your life:
He was born in 1990.
Where were you born?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

born

I. verb

I. born1 S1 W2 verb
1. be born when a person or animal is born, they come out of their mother’s body or out of an egg:
   • Forty lambs were born this spring.
  be born in
   • Swift was born in 1667.
  be born at
   • Then, most babies were born at home.
  be born on
   • I was born on December 15th, 1973.
  be born into/to/of something (=be born in a particular situation, type of family etc)
   • One third of all children are born into single-parent families.
  be born with something (=have a particular disease, type of character etc since birth)
   • Jenny was born with a small hole in her heart.
   • I was born and raised (=was born and grew up) in Alabama.
  be born blind/deaf etc (=be blind, deaf etc when born)
   • a newly-born baby
   • the queen’s firstborn son
  be born lucky/unlucky etc (=always be lucky, unlucky etc)
  Australian/French etc born (=born in or as a citizen of Australia etc)
   ► Do not say ‘I born’, ‘I have been born’, or ‘I am born’. Say I was born: I was born in Pakistan.
2. START EXISTING be born something that is born starts to exist:
   • the country where the sport of cricket was born
  be born (out) of (=as a result of a particular situation)
   • The alliance was born of necessity in 1941.
   • Bill spoke with a cynicism born of bitter experience.
3. born and bred born and having grown up in a particular place and having the typical qualities of someone from that place:
   • I was born and bred in Liverpool.
4. be born to do/be something to be very suitable for a particular job, activity etc:
   • He was born to be a politician.
5. I wasn’t born yesterday spoken used to tell someone you think is lying to you that you are not stupid enough to believe them
6. there’s one born every minute spoken used to say that someone has been very stupid or easily deceived
7. be born under a lucky/unlucky star to always have good or bad luck in your life
8. be born with a silver spoon in your mouth to be born into a rich family ⇨ natural-born

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

born

born verb, adjective [bɔːn] [bɔːrn]

verb be born (used only in the passive, without by)
1. (abbr. b.) to come out of your mother's body at the beginning of your life
• I was born in 1976.
• He was born in a small village in northern Spain.
• She was born with a weak heart.
• ~ into sth She was born into a very musical family.
• ~ of/to sb He was born of/to German parents.
• + adj. Her brother was born blind (= was blind when he was born).

• + noun John Wayne was born Marion Michael Morrison (= that was his name at birth).

2. (of an idea, an organization, a feeling, etc.) to start to exist
• the city where the protest movement was born

• ~ (out) of sth She acted with a courage born (out) of desperation.

3. -born (in compounds) born in the order, way, place, etc. mentioned
• firstborn
• nobly-born
• French-born
see also newborn
more at not know you are born at know v., to the manner born at manner, be/be born/be made that/this way at way n.
Word Origin:
Old English boren, past participle of beran ‘to bear’, of Germanic origin; from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit bharati, Greek pherein, and Latin ferre.
Collocations:
The ages of life
Childhood/youth
be born and raised/bred in Oxford; into a wealthy/middle-class family
have a happy/an unhappy/a tough childhood
grow up in a musical family/an orphanage; on a farm
be/grow up an only child (= with no brothers or sisters)
reach/hit/enter/go through adolescence/puberty
be in your teens/early twenties/mid-twenties/late twenties
undergo/experience physical/psychological changes
give in to/succumb to/resist peer pressure
assert your independence/individuality
Adulthood
leave school/university/home
go out to work (at sixteen)
get/find a job/partner
be/get engaged/married
have/get a wife/husband/mortgage/steady job
settle down and have kids/children/a family
begin/start/launch/build a career (in politics/science/the music industry)
prove (to be)/represent/mark/reach a (major) turning point for sb/in your life/career
reach/be well into/settle into middle age
have/suffer/go through a midlife crisis
take/consider early retirement
approach/announce/enjoy your retirement
Old age
have/see/spend time with your grandchildren
take up/pursue/develop a hobby
get/receive/draw/collect/live on a pension
approach/save for/die from old age
live to a ripe old age
reach the grand old age of 102/23 (often ironic)
be/become/be getting/be going senile (often ironic)
die (peacefully)/pass away in your sleep/after a brief illness
Example Bank:
• I was born and bred in Texas.
• She was born into a wealthy family.
• The part is played by an American-born actress.
• Their child was born with a serious medical problem.
• babies who are born to very young mothers
• to be born of noble parents

Idioms: born and bred ▪ born to be something ▪ born with a silver spoon in your mouth ▪ in all my born days ▪ not be born yesterday ▪ there's one born every minute

adjective only before noun
having a natural ability or skill for a particular activity or job
• a born athlete/writer/leader
• a born loser (= a person who always loses or is unsuccessful)
Word Origin:

[born] Old English boren, past participle of beran ‘to bear’, of Germanic origin; from an Indo-European root shared by Sanskrit bharati, Greek pherein, and Latin ferre.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

born / bɔːn / / bɔːrn / verb

be born A2 to come out of a mother's body, and start to exist:

She was born in 1950.

We saw a lamb being born.

Diana was born into an aristocratic family.

Ann was born and brought up in Ealing.

having started life in a particular way:

The toll of babies born with AIDS is rising.

Stevie Wonder was born blind.

C2 formal or literary If an idea is born, it starts to exist. born of sth formal existing as the result of something:

With a courage born of necessity, she seized the gun and ran at him.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

born

[bɔ͟ː(r)n]

1) V-PASSIVE When a baby is born, it comes out of its mother's body at the beginning of its life. In formal English, if you say that someone is born of someone or to someone, you mean that person is their parent.
  [be V-ed] My mother was 40 when I was born...
  [be V-ed] She was born in London on April 29, 1923...
  [be V-ed of/to n] He was born of German parents and lived most of his life abroad...
  [V-ed] Willie Smith was the second son born to Jean and Stephen.
2) V-PASSIVE: no cont If someone is born with a particular disease, problem, or characteristic, they have it from the time they are born.
  [be V-ed with n] He was born with only one lung...
  [be V-ed adj] Some people are born brainy...
  [be V-ed to-inf] I think he was born to be editor of a tabloid newspaper...
  [be V-ed n] We are all born leaders; we just need the right circumstances in which to flourish.
3) V-PASSIVE: no cont You can use be born in front of a particular name to show that a person was given this name at birth, although they may be better known by another name. [FORMAL]
  [be V-ed n] She was born Jenny Harvey on June 11, 1946.
4) ADJ: ADJ n You use born to describe someone who has a natural ability to do a particular activity or job. For example, if you are a born cook, you have a natural ability to cook well.
  Jack was a born teacher.
  Syn:
  instinctive
5) V-PASSIVE When an idea or organization is born, it comes into existence. If something is born of a particular emotion or activity, it exists as a result of that emotion or activity. [FORMAL]
  [be V-ed] The idea for the show was born in his hospital room...
  [be V-ed] Congress passed the National Security Act, and the CIA was born...
  [be V-ed out of/of n] Energy conservation as a philosophy was born out of the 1973 oil crisis.
  Syn:
  conceive
6) → See also -born, first born, newborn
7) be born and bred → see breed
be born with a silver spoon in your mouth → see spoon

[-bɔː(r)n]
COMB in ADJ: usu ADJ n
-born combines with adjectives that relate to countries or with the names of towns and areas to form adjectives that indicate where someone was born. [JOURNALISM]
The German-born photographer was admired by writers such as Oscar Wilde...
Lancashire-born Miss Richardson lives alone in London.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

born

born /ˈboɚn/ adj
1 not used before a noun : brought into life by the process of birth
• She was born in a hospital.
• He was born on a farm.
• She was born in Nigeria in 1911.
• The baby was born on July 31st.
• Their second son was born prematurely.
- see also firstborn, newborn
2 : having certain qualities or characteristics from the time of birth
• born blind/deaf
• Both twins were born healthy.
• The author Mark Twain was born Samuel Clemens. [=was named Samuel Clemens at birth]
• She's a born teacher/leader. [=she was born with the qualities that make someone a teacher/leader]
✦If you were born to do something or born to be something, you have natural qualities or talents that make you perfectly suited to do or be something.
• She was born to teach. = She was born to be a teacher.
3 not used before a noun
- used to describe the place where someone was born
• He's American born. [=he was born in America]
• He's Mexican born and bred. = He was born and bred in Mexico. [=his birth and childhood took place in Mexico]
- often used in combination
• Maine-born
4 not used before a noun
- used to describe the social conditions or situations that exist when people are born
• Some are born in slavery, others born merely poor.
• She was born to riches/wealth. = She was born into a rich/wealthy family.
- see also highborn
5 not used before a noun : brought into existence
• Her dream of owning farm was born when she visited the countryside as a child.
• The wine is born [=created] from the union of two very different grapes.
• a mentality born in the age of computers
• Their relationship was born of necessity [=established because it was necessary in some way], but it has developed into a true and lasting friendship.
• Church leaders assert that the recent unrest in the city is born out of [=has occurred because of] years of neglect of the city's poor neighborhoods.
born too late
✦Someone who is said to be born too late seems to be better suited for life in an earlier time period.
• John prefers early jazz music over the modern stuff. I guess he was born too late.
born with a silver spoon in your mouth
✦If you were born with a silver spoon in your mouth, you were born into a very wealthy family.
in all your born days informal + somewhat old-fashioned : in your entire life - used to express how unexpected or unusual something is
• I never saw anything like it in all my born days.
there's one born every minute or there's a sucker born every minute informal
- used to say that there are many people in the world who are foolish and can be easily deceived;
to the manner born
- see manner
to the manor born
- see manor
wasn't born yesterday
✦Someone who wasn't born yesterday is unlikely to believe something that is not true or to trust someone who is not trustworthy.
• He said he'd pay me back, but I'll believe it when I see it. I wasn't born yesterday.

sew

sew [verb]

/soʊ/

/səʊ/

Example:

She sews her own clothes.

to make or repair clothes using a needle and thread

Persian equivalent:

Example:

She sews her own clothes.

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Oxford Essential Dictionary

sew

verb (sews, sewing, sewed /, has sewed or has sewn )

pronunciation
The word sew sounds just like so.

to use a needle and cotton to join pieces of material together or to join something to material:
He sewed a button on his shirt.
Can you sew?

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

sew

sew S3 /səʊ $ soʊ/ verb (past tense sewed, past participle sewn /səʊn $ soʊn/ or sewed) [intransitive and transitive]
[Language: Old English; Origin: siwian]
to use a needle and thread to make or repair clothes or to fasten something such as a button to them:
   • I learned to sew at school.
  sew something on something
   • Can you sew a patch on my jeans?
  sew something together
   • She sewed the two sides together.
sew something ↔ up phrasal verb
  1. to close or repair something by sewing it:
   • Could you sew up this hole in my trousers?
  2. [usually passive] informal to finish a business agreement or plan and get the result you want:
   • The deal should be sewn up in a week.
  3. have something sewn up to have gained control over a situation so that you are sure to win or get what you want:
   • It looks like the Democrats have the election sewn up.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

sew

sew [sew sews sewed sewing sewn] [səʊ] [soʊ] verb (sewed, sewn [səʊn] ; [soʊn] or sewed)

1. intransitive, transitive to use a needle and thread to make stitches in cloth

• My mother taught me how to sew.

• to sew by hand/machine

• ~ sth to sew a seam

2. transitive to make, repair or attach sth using a needle and thread

• ~ sth She sews all her own clothes.

• ~ sth on Can you sew a button on for me?

• Surgeons were able to sew the finger back on.

Derived: sew something up

Word Origin:

Old English siwan, of Germanic origin, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin suere and Greek suein.

Example Bank:

• He sewed the patch onto the back of his jeans.

• He sewed up the tear with a needle and thread.

• I sewed on three buttons.

• The jewel was sewn into the lining of his coat.

• The squares of fabric were all sewn neatly together.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

sew

sew /səʊ/ US /soʊ/
verb sewed, sewn or sewed
1 [I or T] to join two pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle:
My grandmother taught me to sew.
I made this skirt just by sewing two pieces of material together.
He sewed the badge neatly onto his uniform.

2 [T] to make a piece of clothing by joining pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle:
She sews all her children's clothes.

3 [I or T] to use a needle and thread to join up the edges of a cut in the skin or other part of the body:
The muscle layer needs to be sewn first.
His finger was cut off when he caught it in a machine, but the surgeon was able to sew it back on.

sewing /ˈsəʊ.ɪŋ/ US /ˈsoʊ-/
noun [U]
1 a piece of cloth that is being or needs to be sewn:
She put her sewing down.

2 the skill or activity of making or repairing clothes or other items made from cloth:
I'm not very good at sewing.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

sew

[so͟ʊ]
sews, sewing, sewed, sewn
1) VERB When you sew something such as clothes, you make them or repair them by joining pieces of cloth together by passing thread through them with a needle.
  [V n] She sewed the dresses on the sewing machine...
  [V n with on] Anyone can sew on a button, including you...
  Mrs Roberts was a dressmaker, and she taught her daughter to sew. [Also V n prep]
2) VERB When something such as a hand or finger is sewn back by a doctor, it is joined with the patient's body using a needle and thread.
→ See also sewing
  [be V-ed adv] The hand was preserved in ice by neighbours and sewn back on in hospital...
  [V n with adv] Surgeons at Odstock Hospital, Wilts, sewed the thumb on.
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - sew up

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

sew
sew /ˈsoʊ/ verb sews; sewed; sewn /ˈsoʊn/ or sewed; sew·ing : to make or repair something (such as a piece of clothing) by using a needle and thread

[+ obj]
• She sews her own dresses by hand.
• He sewed a patch onto his sleeve.
• I sewed the button back on the shirt.
• The surgeon sewed the wound shut.

[no obj]

• She designs her own dresses and sews in her free time.
sew up [phrasal verb] sew (something) up or sew up (something)
1 : to close or repair (something) by using a needle and thread
• He sewed up the tear in his shirt.
• The surgeon sewed up the wound.
2 informal
a : to do the final things that are needed to complete (something) in a successful way
• They're sewing up the details of the agreement.
- often used as (be) sewn/sewed up
• The deal was sewn up by lunchtime.
b : to make (something, such as a victory) certain
• He scored a touchdown that sewed up the win/game.
- often used as (be) sewn/sewed up
• They felt they had the win/game sewn up. [=they felt that they were certainly going to win]
• It looks like he has the nomination all sewn up.

knit

knit [verb] (MAKE CLOTHES)

/nɪt/

Example:

My sister Pari is knitting gloves for me.

to make something such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called knitting needles

Persian equivalent:

Example:

My sister Pari is knitting gloves for me.

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Oxford Essential Dictionary

knit

verb (knits, knitting, knitted)
to make clothes from wool using two long sticks (called knitting needles):
My grandmother knitted this hat for me.

>> knitting noun (no plural):
I usually do some knitting while I'm watching television.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

knit

knit /nɪt/ verb (present participle knitting) [intransitive and transitive]
[Language: Old English; Origin: cnyttan]
1. (past tense and past participle knitted) to make clothing out of wool, using two knitting needles ⇨ crochet:
   • My grandmother taught me how to knit.
   • She’s knitting a sweater.
  knit somebody something
   • Emily knitted him some socks.
2. (past tense and past participle knitted) to use a plain (=basic) knitting stitch:
   • Knit one, purl one.
3. (past tense and past participle knit) to join people, things, or ideas more closely together, or to be joined closely together
  knit together
   • In a good report, individual sentences knit together in a clear way that readers can follow.
  closely/tightly etc knit (=with all the members having close relationships)
   • a closely knit community
   • Harold is part of a tightly knit team.
4. (past tense and past participle knit) a bone that knits after being broken grows into one piece again
  knit together
   • The pin holds the bones in place while they knit together.
5. knit your brows to show you are worried, thinking hard etc by moving your eyebrows together
—knitter noun [countable]
⇨ close-knit, tight-knit

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

knit

knit [knit knits knitted knitting] verb, noun [nɪt] [nɪt]

verb (knit·ted, knit·ted) In senses 3 and 4 knit is usually used for the past tense and past participle.

1. transitive, intransitive to make clothes, etc. from wool or cotton thread using two long thin knitting needles or a machine

• ~ (sth) I knitted this cardigan myself.

• Lucy was sitting on the sofa, knitting.

• ~ sb sth She's knitting the baby a shawl.

2. transitive, intransitive ~ (sth) to use a basic stitch in knitting

• Knit one row, purl one row.

3. transitive, intransitive ~ (sb/sth) (together) to join people or things closely together or to be joined closely together

• a closely/tightly knit community (= one in which relationships are very close)

• Society is knit together by certain commonly held beliefs.

4. intransitive, transitive ~ (sth) (of broken bones) to grow together again to form one piece; to make broken bones grow together again

Syn: mend

• The bone failed to knit correctly.

Word Origin:

Old English cnyttan, of West Germanic origin; related to German dialect knütten, also to knot. The original sense was ‘tie in or with a knot’, hence ‘join, unite’ (sense 3); an obsolete Middle English sense ‘knot string to make a net’ gave rise to sense 1.

Idiom: knit your brow

noun usually plural

a piece of clothing that has been knitted

• winter knits

Word Origin:

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

knit / nɪt / verb ( present participle knitting , past tense knitted or knit , past participle knitted or knit ) (MAKE CLOTHES)

knit

B1 [ I or T ] to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles to connect wool or another type of thread into joined rows:

She's forever knitting.

She's busy knitting baby clothes.

[ + two objects ] My granny knitted me some gloves/knitted some gloves for me.

→ See also knitwear

[ T ] specialized to do the most basic type of stitch, when knitting something:

Knit one, purl one.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

knit

[nɪ̱t]
knits, knitting, knitted
(The past tense can be either knit or knitted for meaning 4.)
1) VERB If you knit something, especially an article of clothing, you make it from wool or a similar thread by using two knitting needles or a machine.
  I had endless hours to knit and sew...
  [V n] I have already started knitting baby clothes...
  [V n n] She knitted him 10 pairs of socks to take with him...
  [V n for n] During the war, Joan helped her mother knit scarves for soldiers...
  [V-ed] She pushed up the sleeves of her grey knitted cardigan and got to work. [Also V n into n]
  Derived words:
  knitter plural N-COUNT Pattern charts with small print are often difficult for older knitters to use.
COMB in ADJ: ADJ n
Knit is also a combining form. Ferris wore a heavy knit sweater. ...a cotton-knit sweater. ...hand-knit garments.
2) VERB If someone or something knits things or people together, they make them fit or work together closely and successfully.
  [V n with together] The best thing about sport is that it knits the whole family close together...
  [V n to/into n] Ordinary people have some reservations about their president's drive to knit them so closely to their neighbors. [Also V n]
COMB in ADJ-GRADED: usu ADJ n
Knit is also a combining form. ...a closer-knit European Community. ...a tightly knit society.
3) VERB When broken bones knit, the broken pieces grow together again.
  [V together] The bone hasn't knitted together properly.
  ...broken bones that have failed to knit.
4) PHRASE: V inflects If you knit your brows or knit your eyebrows, you frown because you are angry or worried. [LITERARY]
  They knitted their brows and started to grumble...
  Billy's eyebrows knitted together in a little frown.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹knit /ˈnɪt/ verb knits; knit or knit·ted; knit·ting
1 : to make (a piece of clothing) from yarn or thread by using long needles or a special machine

[+ obj]

• She knit a sweater for me. = She knit/knitted me a sweater.

[no obj]

• He likes to knit.
2 [+ obj]
a : to closely join or combine (things or people)
• Her novels knit (together) science and fantasy.
• a style that knits together material from many different sources
b : to form (something) by bringing people or things together
• a town knit/knitted together by farming
- see also close-knit, tight-knit
3 [no obj] of a bone : to grow together and heal after being broken
• It will take some time for the broken bones to knit (together).
knit your brow/brows : to move your eyebrows together in a way that shows that you are thinking about something or are worried, angry, etc.
• She knit her brow and asked what I was doing.
- knit or knitted adj
• a red knit shirt
• a knitted blouse
• closely knit communities [=communities in which people care about each other very much]
• a knitted cap
- knit·ter noun, pl -ters [count]
• She is a very talented knitter.

feel

/fiːl/

to experience a particular physical feeling or emotion

Persian equivalent:

experiencing and suffering

Example:

to feel pain

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Level:

A1 (Basic)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

feel

verb (feels, feeling, felt /, has felt)

1 to know something because your body tells you:
How do you feel?
I don't feel well.
I'm feeling tired.
He felt somebody touch his arm.

2 used for saying how something seems when you touch it or experience it:
The water felt cold.
This towel feels wet – can I have a dry one?
My coat feels like leather, but it's not.

3 to touch something in order to find out what it is like:
Feel this wool – it's really soft.

4 to have an opinion about something same meaning believe:
I feel that we should talk about this.

5 to try to find something with your hands instead of your eyes:
She felt in her pocket for some matches.

feel like something to want something:
Do you feel like going for a walk?
I don't feel like going out tonight.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

feel

I. verb

I. feel1 S1 W1 /fiːl/ verb (past tense and past participle felt /felt/)
[Word Family: noun: feel, feeling, feelings; verb: feel; adjective: unfeeling]
[Language: Old English; Origin: felan]
1. FEELING/EMOTION [linking verb, transitive] to experience a particular physical feeling or emotion:
   • Do you still feel hungry?
   • You can never tell what he’s feeling.
   • Stop exercising if you feel any pain.
  feel fine/good/comfortable etc
   • I’m feeling a little better today.
   • Marie immediately felt guilty.
  feel as if/as though
   • When his dad left, he felt as though his world had turned upside-down.
   • I felt like I’d really achieved something.
2. NOTICE [transitive not in progressive] to notice something that is happening to you, especially something that is touching you:
   • She felt his warm breath on her cheek.
   • The earthquake was felt as far south as San Diego.
  feel somebody/something do something
   • She felt his arms go round her.
  feel yourself doing something
   • I felt myself blushing.
3. FEEL SMOOTH/DRY ETC [linking verb] to give you a particular physical feeling, especially when you touch or hold something
  feel smooth/cold/damp etc
   • Her hands felt rough.
   • The house felt hot and stuffy.
  feel as if/as though
   • My leg feels as if it’s broken.
   • It’s nice fabric – it feels like velvet.
4. FEEL GOOD/STRANGE/EXCITING ETC [linking verb] if a situation, event etc feels good, strange etc, that is the emotion or feeling that it gives you:
   • After twenty years, seeing him again felt very strange.
  feel ... to be/do something
   • It felt wonderful to be wearing clean clothes again.
   • How does it feel to be 40?
   • It’s been a year since her daughter died, but to her, it still feels like yesterday.
5. HAVE AN OPINION [transitive not usually in progressive] to have a particular opinion, especially one that is based on your feelings, not on facts
  feel (that)
   • Some of the parents felt the school wasn’t doing enough about bullying.
  feel about
   • How would you feel about working with Nicole for a while?
   • The experience of rape can change how a woman feels about her body.
  feel sure/certain (=think that something is definitely true)
   • She felt sure she’d made the right decision.
6. feel like (doing) something spoken to want to have something or do something:
   • He didn’t feel like going to work.
   • Do you feel like another drink?
7. TOUCH [transitive] to touch something with your fingers to find out about it:
   • She felt his forehead. Perhaps he had a temperature.
   • Mum, feel this stone. Isn’t it smooth?
  feel how hard/soft/rough etc something is
   • He could feel how damp his shirt was against his chest.
8. feel around/on/in etc something (for something) to search for something with your fingers:
   • She felt in her bag for a pencil.
9. feel the force/effects/benefits etc of something to experience the good or bad results of something:
   • The local economy is beginning to feel the effects of the recession.
10. feel the need to do something to believe that you need to do something:
   • Children who can talk to their parents feel less need to try drugs.
11. feel your way
   a) to move carefully, with your hands out in front of you, because you cannot see properly:
   • Silently, she felt her way across the room.
   b) to do things slowly and carefully, because you are not completely sure about a new situation
  feel your way towards
   • The European Union is still feeling its way towards common policies.
12. feel free spoken used to tell someone that they can do something if they want to:
   • ‘Could I use your phone for a minute?’ ‘Feel free.’
  feel free to do something
   • Please feel free to make suggestions.
13. I know (just/exactly) how you feel spoken used to express sympathy with someone or with a remark they have just made:
   • I know how you feel, Mark, but maybe it’s better not to confront him.
14. not feel yourself spoken to not feel as healthy or happy as usual:
   • I don’t know what’s wrong. I just don’t feel quite myself.
15. feel your age to realize that you are not as young or active as you used to be:
   • Looking at his grandson made him really feel his age.
16. feel the cold/heat to suffer because of cold or hot weather:
   • Old people tend to feel the cold more.
17. feel a death/a loss etc to react very strongly to a bad event, especially someone’s death:
   • Susan felt her grandmother’s death more than the others.
feel for somebody phrasal verb
   to feel sympathy for someone:
   • At the Center, the other mothers know what it’s like, and they really feel for you.
feel somebody ↔ out phrasal verb American English informal
   to find out what someone’s opinions or feelings are, without asking them directly:
   • I thought I’d feel out some of my colleagues before the meeting.
feel somebody ↔ up phrasal verb informal
   to touch someone sexually, without their permission
feel up to something phrasal verb [usually in questions and negatives] informal
   to have the strength, energy etc to do something:
   • I just didn’t feel up to going.

II. noun

II. feel2 noun
[Word Family: noun: feel, feeling, feelings; verb: feel; adjective: unfeeling]
1. [singular] a quality that something has that makes you feel or think a particular way about it:
   • Despite their age, the photographs have a modern feel.
  feel about
   • The restaurant has a nice relaxed feel about it.
2. [singular] the way that something feels when you touch it
  feel of
   • I like the feel of this cloth.
   • a soft feathery feel
3. have/get/give a feel for something informal to have or develop an understanding of something and skill in doing it:
   • exercises that give a child a feel for numbers
4. [uncountable] when you use your hands, body etc to feel something SYN touch
  by feel
   • She found the light switch by feel.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

feel

feel [feel feels felt feeling] verb, noun [fiːl] [fiːl]

verb (felt, felt [felt] ; [felt] )

WELL/SICK/HAPPY/SAD, ETC.

1. linking verb to experience a particular feeling or emotion

• + adj. The heat made him feel faint.

• She sounded more confident than she felt.

• I was feeling guilty.

• You'll feel better after a good night's sleep.

• She felt betrayed.

• I feel sorry for him.

• + adv./prep. How are you feeling today?

• I know exactly how you feel (= I feel sympathy for you).

• Luckily I was feeling in a good mood.

• ~ sth He seemed to feel no remorse at all.

• + noun Standing there on stage I felt a complete idiot.

• ~ like sth I felt like a complete idiot.

BE/BECOME AWARE

2. transitive (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to notice or be aware of sth because it is touching you or having a physical effect on you

Syn: sense

• ~ sth I could feel the warm sun on my back.

• She could not feel her legs.

• I can't feel his pulse.

• He felt a hand on his shoulder.

• ~ sb/sth/yourself doing sth He felt a hand touching his shoulder.

• She could feel herself blushing.

• He felt the sweat running down his face.

• ~ sb/sth/yourself do sth I felt something crawl up my arm.

• We felt the ground give way under our feet.

3. transitive (not usually used in the progressive tenses) ~ sth to become aware of sth even though you cannot see it, hear it, etc.

Syn: sense

• Can you feel the tension in this room?

GIVE IMPRESSION

4. linking verb (not used in the progressive tenses) to give you a particular feeling or impression

• + adj. It felt strange to be back in my old school.

• My mouth felt completely dry.

• ~ like sth The interview only took ten minutes, but it felt like hours.

• It feels like rain (= seems likely to rain).

• ~ as if/though… Her head felt as if it would burst.

• It felt as though he had run a marathon.

• How does it feel to be alone all day? In spoken English people often use like instead of as if or as though in this meaning, especially in NAmE

• He felt like he'd run a marathon. This is not considered correct in written BrE.

TOUCH

5. linking verb (not used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular physical quality which you become aware of by touching

• + adj. The water feels warm.

• Its skin feels really smooth.

• ~ like sth This wallet feels like leather.

6. transitive to deliberately move your fingers over sth in order to find out what it is like

• ~ sth Can you feel the bump on my head?

• Try to tell what this is just by feeling it.

• ~ how, what, etc… Feel how rough this is.

THINK/BELIEVE

7. transitive, intransitive (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to think or believe that sth is the case; to have a particular opinion or attitude

• ~ (that)… We all felt (that) we were unlucky to lose.

• I felt (that) I had to apologize.

• I feel I could continue playing until I am 35.

• ~ it to be sth She felt it to be her duty to tell the police.

• ~ it + noun She felt it her duty to tell the police.

• ~ it + adj. I felt it advisable to do nothing.

• (+ adv./prep.) This is something I feel strongly about.

• This decision is, I feel, a huge mistake.

BE STRONGLY AFFECTED

8. transitive ~ sth to experience the effects or results of sth, often strongly

• He feels the cold a lot.

• Cathy was really feeling the heat.

• She felt her mother's death very deeply.

• The effects of the recession are being felt everywhere.

• We all felt the force of her arguments.

SEARCH WITH HANDS

9. intransitive ~ (in sth/about/around, etc.) (for sth) to search for sth with your hands, feet, etc

• He felt in his pockets for some money.

• I had to feel about in the dark for the light switch.

more at look/feel like death warmed up at death, be/feel flattered at flatter, be/feel hard done by at hard adv., (feel) honour bound to do sth at honour n., be/feel honoured to do sth at honour v., be/feel like jelly at jelly, not be/feel up to the mark at mark n., look/feel like a million dollars/bucks at million, make your presence felt at presence, look/feel small at small adj.

Word Origin:

Old English fēlan, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch voelen and German fühlen.

Thesaurus:

feel verb

1. I, T

• I felt the warm sun on my back.

sense • • experience • • know • |especially written taste •

feel/experience/know/taste joy

feel/sense/experience a need

feel/experience (a/an) sense/sensation/emotion/urge/pang/surge/rush/stab

Feel or sense? You usually feel your own feelings and emotions but sense sb else's

• He felt a terrible pain in his chest.

• She sensed the pain he was feeling.

2. linking verb (not used in the progressive tenses)

• It felt strange to be back in my old school.

seem • • sound • • look • • appear •

feel/seem/sound/appear/look odd/OK/nice, etc.

feel/seem/sound/look like sth

feel/seem/sound/look as if/as though…

Feel or sound? Use sound to talk about the impression you get from hearing sb/sth; use feel to talk about your own or other people's feelings

• He sounded happy, but I don't think he felt it.

3. T

• Can you feel the lump on my head?

touch • • brush • |written graze •

feel/touch/brush/graze sb/sth with sth

4. T, I (not used in the progressive tenses)

• We all felt that we were lucky to win.

think • • believe • • consider • • be under the impression that… • |especially BrE, informal, especially spoken reckon • |formal hold •

feel/think/believe sth of/about sb/sth

feel/think/believe/consider/be under the impression/reckon/hold that…

be felt/thought/believed/considered/reckoned/held to be sth

5. I (always used with an adverb or preposition)

• He felt in his pockets for some money.

grope • • fumble • • rummage • • fish • |especially BrE scrabble •

feel/grope/fumble/rummage/fish/scrabble around/about

feel/grope/fumble/rummage/fish around/scrabble in/for sth

feel/grope your way somewhere

Feel or grope? You can feel or grope around in the dark. When you feel around you are likely to do it in an easier, more controlled way than if you grope around.

Synonyms:

think

believe • feel • reckon • be under the impression

These words all mean to have an idea that sth is true or possible or to have a particular opinion about sb/sth.

think • to have an idea that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain; to have a particular opinion about sb/sth: ▪ Do you think (that) they'll come? ◊ ▪ Well, I like it. What do you think?

believe • to have an idea that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain; to have a particular opinion about sb/sth: ▪ Police believe (that) the man may be armed.

think or believe?

When you are expressing an idea that you have or that sb has of what is true or possible, believe is more formal than think. It is used especially for talking about ideas that other people have; think is used more often for talking about your own ideas: ▪ Police believe… ◊ ▪ I think… When you are expressing an opinion, believe is stronger than think and is used especially for matters of principle; think is used more for practical matters or matters of personal taste.

feel • to have a particular opinion about sth that has happened or about what you/sb ought to do: ▪ We all felt (that) we were unlucky to lose.

reckon • (informal) to think that sth is true or possible: ▪ I reckon (that) I'm going to get that job.

be under the impression that… • to have an idea that sth is true: ▪ I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.

to think/believe/feel/reckon/be under the impression that…

It is thought/believed/reckoned that…

to be thought/believed/felt/reckoned to be sth

to think/believe/feel sth about sb/sth

to sincerely/honestly/seriously/mistakenly think/believe/feel

Example Bank:

• He sounded happy, but I don't think he felt it.

• It feels like rain.

• He feels very strongly about a lot of issues.

• Her loss has been keenly felt.

• I really feel for you in your position.

• I really felt bad about what I had done.

• He felt no remorse at all.

• I can't feel his pulse.

• I felt (like) a complete idiot.

• I know exactly how you feel.

• This decision is, I feel, a huge mistake.

• We all felt the force of his arguments.

• You'll feel better after a good night's sleep.

Idioms: feel free ▪ feel good ▪ feel in your bones ▪ feel like like doing something ▪ feel sick ▪ feel sick to your stomach ▪ feel the pinch ▪ feel your age ▪ feel your ears burning ▪ feel your way ▪ get the feel of of doing something ▪ have a feel for something ▪ not feel yourself

Derived: feel for somebody ▪ feel somebody up ▪ feel up to something

noun singular

TOUCH

1. the feel the feeling you get when you touch sth or are touched

• You can tell it's silk by the feel.

• She loved the feel of the sun on her skin.

2. an act of feeling or touching

• I had a feel of the material.

IMPRESSION

3. the impression that is created by a place, situation, etc; atmosphere

• It's a big city but it has the feel of a small town.

• The room has a comfortable feel to it.

• There is an international feel to the restaurant.

Word Origin:

Old English fēlan, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch voelen and German fühlen.

Example Bank:

• It's a big city but it has the feel of a small town.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

feel

feel (UNDERSTANDING) /fiːl/
noun (ALSO feeling)
a feel for sth a natural understanding or ability, especially in a subject or activity:
She has a real feel for language.
I tried learning the piano, but I never had much of a feel for it.

feel (CHARACTER) /fiːl/
noun [S] (ALSO feeling)
the character of a place or situation:
I like the decoration - it's got quite a Spanish feel to it.
There was a feel of mystery about the place.
We were there for such a short time, we didn't really get the feel of (= get to know) the place.

feel (OPINION) /fiːl/
verb [I or T] felt, felt
to have the opinion, or consider:
[+ (that)] I feel (that) I should be doing more to help her.
[R (+ to be) + adjective] He had always felt himself (to be) inferior to his brothers.
Do you feel very strongly (= have strong opinions) about this?
I feel certain I'm right.

feeling /ˈfiː.lɪŋ/
noun [C]
opinion:
My feeling is that we had better act quickly or it will be too late.

feel (TOUCH) /fiːl/
verb [I or T] felt, felt
to touch something in order to discover something about it:
[+ question word] Just feel how cold my hands are!
He gently felt the softness of the baby's cheek.
I was feeling (around) (= searching with my hand) in my bag for the keys.

feel /fiːl/
noun
1 [S] the way that something feels:
She loved the feel of silk against her skin.

2 [C] MAINLY UK INFORMAL the action of touching something:
Is that shirt silk? Ooh, let me have a feel!

feel (EXPERIENCE) /fiːl/
verb [L or T] felt, felt
to experience something physical or emotional:
"How are you feeling?" "Not too bad, but I've still got a slight headache."
How would you feel about moving to a different city?
He's still feeling a bit weak after his operation.
My eyes feel really sore.
I never feel safe when I'm being driven by Richard.
Never in her life had she felt so happy.
My suitcase began to feel really heavy after a while.
I felt (= thought that I was) a complete idiot/such a fool.
She felt his hot breath on her neck.
[+ object + ing form of verb] I could feel the sweat trickling down my back.
By midday, we were really feeling (= suffering from) the heat.

feeling /ˈfiː.lɪŋ/
noun [C or U]
1 when you feel something physical:
I had a tingling feeling in my fingers.
I've got this strange feeling in my stomach.
My toes were so cold that I'd lost all feeling in them.

2 emotion:
The feeling of loneliness suddenly overwhelmed him.
There's a feeling of dissatisfaction with the government.
[+ that] I got the feeling that I was not welcome.
Her performance seemed to me completely lacking in feeling.
NOTE: See Note sentiments or feelings? at sentiment.

feelingly /ˈfiː.lɪŋ.li/
adverb
with deep and sincere emotion:
"I've just had enough!" she said feelingly.

feelings /ˈfiː.lɪŋz/
plural noun
emotions, especially those influenced by other people:
Some people say that dogs have feelings.
I wanted to spare his feelings (= not to upset him), so I didn't tell him what she'd said about him.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

feel

[fi͟ːl]
feels, feeling, felt
1) V-LINK If you feel a particular emotion or physical sensation, you experience it.
  [V adj] I am feeling very depressed...
  [V adj] I will always feel grateful to that little guy...
  [V adj] I remember feeling sick.
  [V adj] ...soldiers who once felt proud to wear their uniforms...
  [V n] Suddenly I felt a sharp pain in my shoulder...
  [V n] You won't feel a thing...
  [V as if] I felt as if all my strength had gone...
  [V like] I felt like I was being kicked in the teeth every day.
2) V-LINK: no cont If you talk about how an experience or event feels, you talk about the emotions and sensations connected with it.
  [it V adj to-inf/that] It feels good to have finished a piece of work...
  [V adj] The speed at which everything moved felt strange...
  [it V as if] Within five minutes of arriving back from holiday, it feels as if I've never been away...
  [it V like] It felt like I'd had two babies instead of one...
  [V like -ing/n] Preparing for that first trial felt like learning the rules of a new game.
3) V-LINK: no cont If you talk about how an object feels, you talk about the physical quality that you notice when you touch or hold it. For example, if something feels soft, you notice that it is soft when you touch it.
  [V adj] The metal felt smooth and cold...
  [V adj] The ten-foot oars felt heavy and awkward...
  [V like n] When the clay feels like putty, it is ready to use.
N-SING: usu with supp
Feel is also a noun. He remembered the feel of her skin... Linen raincoats have a crisp, papery feel.
4) V-LINK: no cont If you talk about how the weather feels, you describe the weather, especially the temperature or whether or not you think it is going to rain or snow.
  [it V adj] It felt wintry cold that day. [Also it V like/as if]
5) VERB If you feel an object, you touch it deliberately with your hand, so that you learn what it is like, for example what shape it is or whether it is rough or smooth.
  [V n] The doctor felt his head...
  [V n] When dry, feel the surface and it will no longer be smooth...
  [V wh] Feel how soft the skin is in the small of the back...
  [V prep/adv] Her eyes squeezed shut , she felt inside the tin, expecting it to be bare.
6) VERB: no cont If you can feel something, you are aware of it because it is touching you.
  [V n] Through several layers of clothes I could feel his muscles...
  [V n prep/adv] He felt her leg against his.
  Syn:
  sense
7) VERB If you feel something happening, you become aware of it because of the effect it has on your body.
  [V n -ing] She felt something being pressed into her hands...
  [V n inf] He felt something move beside him...
  [V pron-refl -ed] She felt herself lifted from her feet...
  [be V-ed] Tremors were felt 250 miles away.
  Syn:
  sense
8) VERB If you feel yourself doing something or being in a particular state, you are aware that something is happening to you which you are unable to control.
  [V pron-refl inf] I felt myself blush...
  [V pron-refl -ing] If at any point you feel yourself becoming tense, make a conscious effort to relax...
  [V n inf] I actually felt my heart quicken. [Also V n -ing]
  Syn:
  sense
9) VERB: no cont If you feel the presence of someone or something, you become aware of them, even though you cannot see or hear them.
  [V n] He felt her eyes on him...
  [V n] Suddenly, I felt a presence behind me...
  [V that] I could feel that a man was watching me very intensely...
  [V n -ing] He almost felt her wincing at the other end of the telephone.
  Syn:
  sense
10) VERB: no cont If you feel that something is the case, you have a strong idea in your mind that it is the case.
  [V that] I feel that not enough is being done to protect the local animal life...
  [V adj that] I feel certain that it will all turn out well...
  [V n to-inf] She felt herself to be part of a large business empire...
  [V pron-refl n] I never felt myself a real child of the sixties.
  Syn:
  think
11) VERB: no cont If you feel that you should do something, you think that you should do it.
  [V that] I feel I should resign...
  [V that] He felt that he had to do it...
  [V -ed to-inf] You need not feel obliged to contribute...
  [V under n] They felt under no obligation to maintain their employees.
12) VERB: no cont If you talk about how you feel about something, you talk about your opinion, attitude, or reaction to it.
  [V about n] We'd like to know what you feel about abortion...
  [V about n] How do you feel about going back to the neighborhood?...
  [V adj/adv about n] She feels guilty about spending less time lately with her two kids...
  [V n about n] He feels deep regret about his friend's death.
13) VERB If you feel like doing something or having something, you want to do it or have it because you are in the right mood for it and think you would enjoy it.
  [V like -ing/n] Neither of them felt like going back to sleep...
  [V like -ing/n] Could we take a walk? I feel like a little exercise.
14) VERB If you feel the effect or result of something, you experience it.
  [V n] The charity is still feeling the effects of revelations about its one-time president...
  [V n] The real impact will be felt in the developing world.
  Syn:
  notice
15) N-SING: with supp The feel of something, for example a place, is the general impression that it gives you.
  The room has a warm, cosy feel.
  ...a book that takes on the feel of an epic.
  ●
  PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n If you get the feel of something, for example a place or a new activity, you become familiar with it.
  He wanted to get the feel of the place.
16) → See also feeling, felt
to feel something in your bones → see bone
feel free → see free
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - feel for

feel

excuse

/ɪkˈskjuːz/

Example:

Excuse me!

to forgive someone for something bad that they have done, especially something that is not very serious

Persian equivalent:

making and accepting apologies

Example:

Excuse me, may I open the window?

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

B1 (Intermediate)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

excuse

verb (excuses, excusing, excused )
used when you are saying sorry for something that is not very bad:
Please excuse us for being late – we missed the bus.

excuse me You use excuse me when you want to stop somebody who is speaking, or when you want to speak to somebody you do not know. You can also use excuse me to say that you are sorry:
Excuse me, could you tell me the time?
Did I stand on your foot? Excuse me.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

excuse

I. ex‧cuse1 S1 /ɪkˈskjuːz/ BrE AmE verb [transitive]
[Word Family: verb: excuse; noun: excuse; adverb: inexcusably; adjective: excusable ≠ inexcusable]
[Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: excuser, from Latin excusare, from causa 'cause, explanation']
1. excuse me spoken
a) used when you want to get someone’s attention politely, especially when you want to ask a question:
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the museum please?
b) used to say that you are sorry for doing something rude or embarrassing:
Oh, excuse me. I didn’t know anyone was here.
c) used to ask someone politely to move so that you can walk past:
Excuse me, could I just squeeze past?
d) used to politely tell someone that you are leaving a place:
Excuse me a moment. I’ll be right back.
e) used when you disagree with someone but want to be polite about it SYN I’m sorry:
Excuse me, but I don’t think that’s what he meant at all.
f) American English used to show that you disagree with someone or are very surprised or upset by what they have just said:
‘You’re going to pay, right?’ ‘Excuse me?’
g) especially American English used to ask someone to repeat something that they have just said SYN pardon me:
‘What time is it?’ ‘Excuse me?’ ‘I asked you what time it is.’
2. FORGIVE to forgive someone for doing something that is not seriously wrong, such as being rude or careless:
I’ll excuse you this time, but don’t be late again.
Please excuse my bad handwriting.
excuse somebody for (doing) something
Please excuse me for being so late today.
Smith can be excused for his lack of interest in the course (=his lack of interest is reasonable).
REGISTER
In informal situations, people often say sorry about …, sorry for doing ... or sorry I … rather than asking someone to excuse something:
▪ Sorry about my handwriting.
▪ Sorry for being so late. OR Sorry I’m so late.
3. FROM A DUTY [usually passive] to allow someone not to do something that they are supposed to do
excuse somebody from (doing) something
Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold.
4. EXPLAIN to be or give a good reason for someone’s careless or offensive behaviour:
Nothing can excuse that kind of rudeness.
5. FROM A PLACE to give someone permission to leave a place:
May I please be excused from the table?
6. excuse yourself to say politely that you need to leave a place:
Richard excused himself and went to his room.
7. excuse me (for living)! spoken used when someone has offended you or told you that you have done something wrong

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

verb [ɪkˈskjuːz] ; [ɪkˈskjuːz]
1. to forgive sb for sth that they have done, for example not being polite or making a small mistake
• ~ sth Please excuse the mess.
• ~ sb You must excuse my father— he's not always that rude.
• ~ sb for sth/for doing sth I hope you'll excuse me for being so late.
• (BrE) You might be excused for thinking that Ben is in charge (= he is not, but it is an easy mistake to make).

• ~ sb doing sth (formal) Excuse my interrupting you.

2. ~ sth | ~ sb/yourself (for sth/for doing sth) to make your or sb else's behaviour seem less offensive by finding reasons for it
Syn: justify

• Nothing can excuse such rudeness.

3. ~ sb/yourself (from sth) to allow sb to leave; to say in a polite way that you are leaving
• Now if you'll excuse me, I'm a very busy man.

• She excused herself and left the meeting early.

4. usually passive ~ sb (from sth/from doing sth) | ~ sb sth to allow sb to not do sth that they should normally do
• She was excused from giving evidence because of her age.
more at excuse/pardon my French at French n.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French escuser (verb), from Latin excusare ‘to free from blame’, from ex- ‘out’ + causa ‘accusation, cause’.
Thesaurus:
excuse verb T
• Please excuse the mess.
forgive • • pardon • • condone •
Opp: condemn
excuse/forgive/pardon/condone sb for sth
excuse/forgive/condone sb's behaviour
Excuse/Forgive/Pardon my ignorance.
Example Bank:
• He tried to excuse his behaviour as ‘a bit of harmless fun’.
• I asked her to excuse me for my late arrival.
• You'll have to excuse Harriet— she's having a difficult time at work.
• I hope you'll excuse me for being so late.
• You might be excused for thinking that Victoria is in charge.

• You'll have to excuse my father— he's not always that rude.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

excuse / ɪkˈskjuːz / verb [ T ]

B1 to forgive someone:

Please excuse me for arriving late - the bus was delayed.

Nothing can excuse that sort of behaviour.

No amount of financial recompense can excuse the way in which the company carried out its policy.

We cannot excuse him for these crimes.

I asked the teacher if I could be excused from (= allowed not to do) football practice as my knee still hurt.

Please excuse me from (= allow me to miss) the rest of the meeting - I've just received a phone call that requires my immediate attention.

excuse me A1 a polite way of attracting someone's attention, especially of someone you do not know:

Excuse me, does this bus go to Oxford Street?

used to politely ask someone to move so that you can walk past them:

Excuse me, can I just get past?

used to tell someone politely that you are leaving:

Excuse me a moment, I'll be with you shortly.

A2 used to say sorry for something you have done by accident:

Did I take your seat? Do excuse me.

said before disagreeing with someone:

Excuse me but aren't you forgetting something?

US ( UK pardon? , I beg your pardon? ) used to politely ask someone to repeat something they have said because you have not heard it

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

excuse
excuses, excusing, excused
(The noun is pronounced [ɪkskju͟ːs]. The verb is pronounced [ɪkskju͟ːz].)
1) N-COUNT: oft N for n/-ing, N to-inf An excuse is a reason which you give in order to explain why something has been done or has not been done, or in order to avoid doing something.
  It is easy to find excuses for his indecisiveness...
  Once I had had a baby I had the perfect excuse to stay at home...
  If you stop making excuses and do it you'll wonder what took you so long.
  Syn:
  justification
  ●
  PHRASE: v-link PHR, oft PHR for n/-ing If you say that there is no excuse for something, you are emphasizing that it should not happen, or expressing disapproval that it has happened. (disapproval)
  There's no excuse for behaviour like that...
  Solitude was no excuse for sloppiness.
2) VERB To excuse someone or excuse their behaviour means to provide reasons for their actions, especially when other people disapprove of these actions.
  [V n by -ing] He excused himself by saying he was `forced to rob to maintain my wife and cat'...
  [V n] That doesn't excuse my mother's behaviour.
  Syn:
  justify
3) VERB If you excuse someone for something wrong that they have done, you forgive them for it.
  [V n for n/-ing] Many people might have excused them for shirking some of their responsibilities. [Also V n, V n n]
  Syn:
  forgive
4) VERB: usu passive If someone is excused from a duty or responsibility, they are told that they do not have to carry it out.
  [be V-ed from n/-ing] She is usually excused from her duties during the school holidays...
  [be V-ed n] She was excused duties on Saturday.
5) VERB If you excuse yourself, you use a phrase such as `Excuse me' as a polite way of saying that you are about to leave.
  [V pron-refl] He excused himself and went up to his room.
6) CONVENTION (formulae) You say `Excuse me' when you want to politely get someone's attention, especially when you are about to ask them a question.
  Excuse me, but are you Mr Honig?
  Syn:
  pardon me
7) CONVENTION (formulae) You use excuse me to apologize to someone when you have disturbed or interrupted them.
  Excuse me interrupting, but there's a thing I feel I've got to say.
8) CONVENTION (politeness) You use excuse me or a phrase such as if you'll excuse me as a polite way of indicating that you are about to leave or that you are about to stop talking to someone.
  `Excuse me,' she said to Jarvis, and left the room...
  Now if you'll excuse me, I've got work to do.
9) CONVENTION You use excuse me, but to indicate that you are about to disagree with someone. [mainly BRIT]
  Excuse me, but I want to know what all this has to do with us.
10) PHRASE (formulae) You say excuse me to apologize when you have bumped into someone, or when you need to move past someone in a crowd.
  Saying excuse me, pardon me, Seaton pushed his way into the crowded living room.
  Syn:
  sorry
11) CONVENTION (formulae) You say excuse me to apologize when you have done something slightly embarrassing or impolite, such as burping, hiccupping, or sneezing.
  Syn:
  pardon me
12) CONVENTION (formulae) You say `Excuse me?' to show that you want someone to repeat what they have just said. [AM](in BRIT, usually use pardon, sorry)

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹ex·cuse /ɪkˈskjuːz/ verb -cus·es; -cused; -cus·ing [+ obj]
1 : to forgive someone for making a mistake, doing something wrong, etc.,
• Please excuse [=pardon] my clumsiness.
• His boss excused the mistake but told him to be more careful next time.
• Please excuse me for not calling sooner.
2 a : to say that (someone) is not required to do something
• I was excused from jury duty.
• The teacher excused the class from homework that day.
b : to allow (someone, such as a child) to leave
• I've finished my dinner. May I (please) be excused? [=allowed to leave the dinner table]
3 : to be an acceptable reason for (something) : justify
• Nothing can excuse that kind of rudeness.
• Her father's illness excused her absence.
excuse me
✦Excuse me is used as a polite way of starting to say something. It can be used when you are interrupting someone, trying to get someone's attention, or disagreeing with someone.
• Excuse me, but may I say something?
• Excuse me, but do you mind if I shut the window?
• Excuse me, do you know where I can find Maple Street?
• Excuse me, but I don't think those figures are entirely accurate. It is also used as a polite apology for a minor fault or offense, such as laughing, coughing, or burping, and, in U.S. English, for getting in someone's way or bumping into someone.
• Oh, excuse me. [=pardon me, I beg your pardon] I didn't notice you standing there. The phrase is also used, especially in U.S. English, as a polite way of asking someone to repeat something.
• Excuse me? [=pardon me?; I beg your pardon?] I didn't hear the last part of what you were saying. In informal use, excuse me is often used in an annoyed way when someone has suggested that you have done something wrong and you do not feel that you have.
• “You were supposed to be home an hour ago.” “Well, excuse me! I had to fix a flat tire.”
excuse yourself : to say politely that you have to leave
• Excusing himself, he quickly rose from the table and left the room.
- ex·cus·able /ɪkˈskjuːzəbəl/ adj
• Such minor errors are excusable.

think

/θɪŋk/

to carefully consider facts in order to understand something, make a decision, or solve a problem

Persian equivalent:

thinking and contemplating

Example:

Think before you act!

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

A1 (Basic)

Region:

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

think

I. think1 S1 W1 /θɪŋk/ BrE AmE verb (past tense and past participle thought /θɔːt $ θɒːt/)
[Word Family: noun: ↑think, ↑rethink, ↑thinker, ↑thinking, the unthinkable; verb: ↑think, ↑rethink; adjective: ↑thinkable ≠ ↑unthinkable, ↑thinking ≠ ↑unthinking; adverb: ↑unthinkingly]
[Language: Old English; Origin: thencan]
1. OPINION/BELIEF [transitive] to have a particular opinion or to believe that something is true
think (that)
I think that you’re being unfair.
I thought I heard something.
He didn’t think anyone would believe him.
Do you think I should call him?
For some reason, I keep thinking it’s Friday today.
The recession lasted longer than anyone thought it would.
Am I right in thinking that you have a brother?
I can’t help thinking that he’s made a mistake.
Do you honestly think I would do something so stupid?
what do you think of/about somebody/something? (=used to ask someone for their opinion)
What do you think of your new school?
think it necessary/possible/best etc (=believe it is necessary, possible etc)
I thought it best to call first.
I thought it appropriate to invite her to speak at the meeting.
We must start thinking in terms of reducing costs.
be thought to be (doing) something (=be believed to be (doing) something)
Fraud is thought to be costing software companies millions of dollars a year.
2. USE YOUR MIND [intransitive and transitive] to use your mind to decide about something, form an opinion, imagine something etc:
She thought very carefully before answering.
Wait a minute – I’m thinking.
think about/of
She lay awake thinking about the money.
think what/how/when etc
I can’t think what else we could have done.
think (long and) hard (=think for a long time)
She thought very hard before deciding to leave her job.
Holmes sat thinking deeply (=thinking in a serious and careful way).
I dread/shudder/hate to think (=I do not want to think about something because it will be unpleasant)
I dread to think how much this call is going to cost.
3. HAVE AN IDEA [transitive] to have words or ideas in your mind without telling them to anyone:
‘How strange!’ he thought.
‘I don’t care!’ she thought to herself.
It was impossible to know what he was thinking.
think what/how/when etc
I was just thinking what a lovely time we had yesterday.
4. REMEMBER [transitive] to remember something
think where/what etc
He was trying to think where he’d seen her before.
I couldn’t think where I’d left my keys.
5. CONSIDER SOMEBODY/SOMETHING [intransitive and transitive] to consider that someone or something is a particular thing or has a particular quality
think of somebody/something as something
Peter had always thought of Kate as someone to be avoided.
I want you to think of this as your home.
think of yourself as something
I’ve always thought of myself as a sensible person.
think somebody (to be) something
My parents never thought me capable of doing a degree.
We have good reason to think kindly of (=consider in an approving way) a school that has provided all our children with an excellent education.
6. think of/about doing something to consider the possibility of doing something:
I had never thought of becoming an actor.
We did think about moving to Tokyo.
Don’t even think about calling him (=used to tell someone strongly not to do something).
7. think twice to think very carefully before deciding to do something, because you know about the dangers or problems:
A visible alarm makes burglars think twice.
think twice about
A previous divorce can make you think twice about getting married again.
think twice before doing something/before you do something
I’d think twice before taking out such a large loan.
8. think again to think carefully about a plan, decision, idea etc, especially with the result that you change your mind or do something differently:
If you think car crime can’t happen to you, think again.
think again about
Universities may be forced to think again about the courses they provide.
• • •
SPOKEN PHRASES
9. I think used when you are saying that you believe something is true, although you are not sure:
Mary is in the garden, I think.
I don’t think Ray will mind.
‘Do you understand what I mean?’ ‘Yes, I think so.’
‘Haven’t we met before?’ 'I don’t think so.’
I thought he was honest, but I was wrong.
10. I think I’ll ... used to say what you will probably do:
I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.
11. I thought (that) used when you are politely suggesting something to do:
I thought we’d go swimming tomorrow.
I thought we could meet for lunch.
12. I would think (also I would have thought, I should think/I should have thought British English) used when you are saying that you believe something is probably true:
We’ll need about 10 bottles of wine, I should think.
I would have thought it would be better to wait a while.
13. you would have thought (that) (also you would think (that)) used to say that you expect something to be true, although it is not:
You would have thought the school would do more to help a child like Craig.
14. do you think (that) ...?
a) used when you are asking someone politely to do something for you:
Do you think you could help me move these boxes?
b) used to ask someone’s opinion:
Do you think I need to bring a jacket?
15. who/what etc do you think?
a) used to ask someone’s opinion:
Who do you think will win?
b) used when asking someone angrily about something:
Where do you think you’re going?
16. I think not formal used to say that you strongly believe something is not true or that you disagree with someone:
This could be a coincidence, but I think not.
17. (just) think used to ask someone to imagine or consider something:
Just think – we could be millionaires!
(just) think of
It would be lovely, but think of the expense!
just think what/how etc
Just think what could have happened.
18. (now I) come to think of it used to mention something you have just realized or remembered:
‘Were there any letters for me?’ ‘Yes there were, come to think of it.’
19. I wasn’t thinking (also I didn’t think) used as a way of saying you are sorry because you have upset someone:
Sorry, I shouldn’t have said that. I wasn’t thinking.
20. to think (that) ...! used to show that you are very surprised about something:
To think we lived next door to him and never knew what he was doing!
21. if you think ..., you’ve got another think coming! used to tell someone that if they think someone is going to do something, they are wrong:
If you think I’m going to wait for you, you’ve got another think coming!
22. that’s what you/they etc think! used to say that you strongly disagree with someone
23. who would have thought? used to say that something is very surprising:
Who would have thought she’d end up dancing for a living?
24. I thought as much used to say that you are not surprised by something someone tells you:
‘Andy failed his driving test.’ ‘I thought as much when I saw his face.’
25. I should have thought ... British English used as a polite or joking way of showing that you disagree with what someone has said or think it is silly:
‘Why isn’t it working?’ ‘I should have thought it was obvious.’
26. think better of it to not do something that you had planned to do, because you realize that it is not a good idea:
He started to say something, then thought better of it.
27. think nothing of doing something to think that a particular activity is normal or easy, even though other people think it is unusual or difficult:
He thinks nothing of staying up all night in casinos.
28. think nothing of something to think that something is not important and then realize later that it is important:
I had a pain in my back but thought nothing of it at the time.
29. not think to do something to not consider doing something, especially when you later wish you had done it:
I didn’t think to question the treatment I was given.
I never thought to ask him for his address.
30. think for yourself to have ideas and thoughts of your own rather than believing what other people say:
Parents have to teach their children to think for themselves.
31. think aloud (also think out loud) to say what you are thinking, without talking to anyone in particular:
Oh, sorry. I was thinking aloud.
32. think straight [usually in negatives] to think clearly:
I’m so nervous I can’t think straight.
How can I think straight with you talking all the time?
33. not think much of somebody/something to not like someone or something very much:
I didn’t think much of his new girlfriend.
34. think highly of somebody/something (also think a lot of somebody/something) to admire or respect someone or something:
Your boss must think highly of you if she gives you so much responsibility.
35. think the world of somebody informal to like or love someone very much:
The children think the world of her.
36. think badly of somebody (also think less of somebody) formal to disapprove of someone or what they have done:
Please don’t think badly of me.
think badly of somebody for
Do you think less of me for agreeing to do it?
37. think the best/worst of somebody to consider someone’s behaviour in a way that makes them seem as good as possible or as bad as possible:
He’s determined to think the worst of me.
38. think big informal to plan to do things that are difficult, but will be very impressive, make a lot of profit etc:
The company is thinking big.
39. think outside the box to think of new, different, or unusual ways of doing something, especially in business
40. think positive/positively to believe that you are going to be successful or that good things are going to happen:
You have to think positive if you’re going to be successful in this game.
41. think on your feet to think of ideas and make decisions very quickly:
In this job you need to be able to think on your feet.
42. think to do something literary to try to do something:
They had thought to deceive me.
43. anyone would think (that) used to say that someone behaves as if a particular thing were true, although it is not:
Anyone would think he owns the place, the way he talks!
⇨ can’t hear yourself think at ↑hear(12)
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meaning 2)
■ adverbs
▪ carefully Think carefully about every spending decision you make.
▪ hard (=with a lot of mental effort) I bet, if you think really hard, you can think of something to do.
▪ deeply I should have thought more deeply before I agreed.
▪ seriously I thought seriously about my doctor’s advice.
▪ clearly She was simply too tired to think clearly.
■ phrases
▪ long and hard (=hard, for a long time, before making a decision) I thought long and hard about taking the role.
▪ I dread/hate/shudder to think (=I do not want to think about something bad) I dread to think what might have happened if we hadn’t found her.
• • •
THESAURUS
■ to have a particular opinion
▪ think: I think you’re right. | She didn’t think that the film was very good.
▪ believe to have an opinion that you are sure is right, especially about an important subject such as politics or religion: The protestors believe that it is wrong to experiment on animals. | Do you really believe that the only solution to violence is more violence?
▪ feel to have a particular opinion, especially one that is based on your feelings, not on facts: She feels that there is no alternative. | I just felt that it was the right thing to do.
▪ take the view that formal to have a particular opinion: The court took the view that the company had acted unreasonably. | The college takes the view that smoking in the workplace is a fire risk.
■ to think about something
▪ think to use your mind to decide about something, form an opinion, imagine something etc: I’ve been thinking about what you said – maybe you’re right. | I need some time to think.
▪ consider to think about something carefully before deciding what to do: Have you considered working for a year before going to college?
▪ weigh (also weigh up British English) to carefully think about a plan or choice by comparing all the advantages and disadvantages involved: You need to weigh up the pros and cons (=the advantages and disadvantages), and decide which investment is the best one for you. | The committee are still weighing the alternatives.
▪ give something some/a lot of thought to think carefully about something, before you make a final decision about it: Why don’t you give it some thought and then get back to me? | He had obviously given the matter a lot of thought.
▪ mull something over to think about a problem, plan etc before making a decision: Can you give me a bit of time to mull it over?
▪ ponder to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about something, especially a problem or something complicated: She is still pondering what to do. | Officials are pondering ways to remove the oil from the beaches.
▪ contemplate to think about something you might do in the future: Did you ever contemplate resigning?
▪ reflect formal to think carefully about something, especially something that happened in the past: It was a good time to reflect upon the changes that had happened in my life.
■ to keep thinking about something
▪ brood to keep thinking for a long time about something that worries you or that makes you angry or upset: There’s no point brooding over things you can’t change.
▪ dwell on something to spend too much time thinking about something sad or unpleasant: I try to enjoy my life today and not dwell on the past.
think back phrasal verb
to think about things that happened in the past:
Thinking back, it amazes me how we survived on so little sleep.
think back to/over/on
He thought back to the day he’d first met Sophie.
think of somebody/something phrasal verb
1. to produce an idea, name, suggestion etc by thinking:
They’re still trying to think of a name for the baby.
Can you think of any other way to do it?
2. to remember something:
I can’t think of the name of the hotel we stayed in.
3. to behave in a way that shows that you want to treat other people well:
It was very good of you to think of me.
He’s always thinking of other people.
4. think only of yourself to only do things that are good for you and not think about what other people want – used to show disapproval:
She’s a spoiled child who thinks only of herself.
5. be thinking of somebody used to say that you care about and feel sympathy for someone who is in a difficult situation:
Take care! I’ll be thinking of you.
think something ↔ out phrasal verb
to think about all the parts of something carefully before deciding or planning exactly what to do:
He went for a walk to think things out.
The proposal needs to be carefully thought out.
think out what/how/whether etc
She had thought out what she was going to say.
think something ↔ over phrasal verb
to consider something carefully before making a decision:
I’ve been thinking over your suggestion.
Why don’t you think it over and give me a call in a couple of days?
I want some more time to think things over.
think something ↔ through phrasal verb
to think carefully about the possible results of something:
The policy has not been thought through properly.
It’s my fault. I didn’t think it through.
I need time to think things through.
think through what/how
People need time to think through what the changes will mean for them.
think something ↔ up phrasal verb
to produce a new idea, name etc by thinking:
She was trying to think up an excuse.
Did you think that up yourself?
Who thinks up names for new products?

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

think

▪ I. think [think thinks thought thinking] verb, noun [θɪŋk] [θɪŋk]

verb (thought, thought [θɔːt] ; [θɔːt] )

HAVE OPINION/BELIEF
1. transitive, intransitive (not used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular idea or opinion about sth/sb; to believe sth
• ~ (that)… Do you think (that) they'll come?
• I thought I heard a scream.
• I didn't think you liked sports.
• Am I right in thinking that you used to live here?
• I think this is their house, but I'm not sure.
• He ought to resign, I think.
• We'll need about 20 chairs, I should think.
• it is thought that… It was once thought that the sun travelled around the earth.
• ~ sth (about sth) What did you think about the idea?
• Well, I like it. What do you think?
• ~ so ‘Will we make it in time?’ ‘I think so.’
• ‘Is he any good?’ ‘I don't think so.’
• ~ sb/sth + adj. I think it highly unlikely that I'll get the job.
• She thought him kind and generous.

• sb/sth is thought to be sb/sth He's thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.

USE MIND

2. intransitive, transitive to use your mind to consider sth, to form connected ideas, to try to solve problems, etc
• Are animals able to think?
• Let me think (= give me time before I answer).
• ~ (about sth) I can't tell you now— I'll have to think about it.
• She had thought very deeply about this problem.
• All he ever thinks about is money.
• I'm sorry, I wasn't thinking (= said when you have upset or offended sb accidentally).

• ~ what, how, etc… He was trying to think what to do.

3. transitive (usually used in the progressive tenses) to have ideas, words or images in your mind
• ~ sth You're very quiet. What are you thinking?
• ~ what, how, etc… I was just thinking what a long way it is.

• + speech ‘I must be crazy,’ she thought.

IMAGINE

4. transitive, no passive, intransitive to form an idea of sth; to imagine sth
• ~ where, how, etc… We couldn't think where you'd gone.
• Just think how nice it would be to see them again.
• ~ (that)… I can't think (that) he would be so stupid.
• ~ (sth) Just think — we'll be lying on the beach this time tomorrow.
• If I'm late home, my mother always thinks the worst.

• Try to think yourself into the role.

EXPECT

5. transitive to expect sth
• ~ (that)… I never thought (that) I'd see her again.
• The job took longer than we thought.
• You'd think she'd have been grateful for my help (= but she wasn't).

• ~ to do sth (formal) Who would have thought to find you here?

IN A PARTICULAR WAY

6. intransitive, transitive (informal) no passive to think in a particular way or on a particular subject
• + adj. Let's think positive.
• You need to think big (= aim to achieve a lot).

• ~ sth If you want to make money, you've got to think money.

SHOWING ANGER/SURPRISE

7. transitive ~ (that)… used in questions to show that you are angry or surprised

• What do you think you're doing?

BEING LESS DEFINITE/MORE POLITE

8. transitive, intransitive used to make sth you say sound less definite or more polite
• ~ (that)… I thought we could go out tonight.
• Twenty guests are enough, I would have thought.
• Do you think you could open the window?

• ~ so ‘You've made a mistake.’ ‘I don't think so.’

INTEND

9. transitive, intransitive ~ (that…) to intend sth; to have a plan about sth
• I think I'll go for a swim.

• I'm thinking in terms of about 70 guests at the wedding.

REMEMBER

10. transitive to remember sth; to have sth come into your mind
• ~ to do sth I didn't think (= it did not occur to me) to tell her.
• ~ where, what, etc… I can't think where I put the keys.
more at see/think fit (to do sth) at fit adj., great minds think alike at great adj., speak/think ill of sb at ill adv., let me see/think at let v., I like to thinkI'd like to think at like v., think you own the place at own v.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Old English thencan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German denken.
Language Bank:
according to
Reporting someone's opinion
▪ Photography is, according to ▪ Vidal, the art form of untalented people.
For ▪ Vidal, photography is the art form of untalented people.
▪ His view is that ▪ photography is not art but merely the mechanical reproduction of images.
▪ Smith takes the view that ▪ photography is both an art and a science.
In ▪ Brown's view ▪, photography should be treated as a legitimate art in its own right.
▪ James is of the opinion that ▪ a good painter can always be a good photographer if he or she so decides.
▪ Emerson believed that ▪ a photograph should only reflect what the human eye can see.
Language Banks at argue, opinion
Language Bank:
opinion
Giving your personal opinion
In my opinion ▪, everyone should have some understanding of science.
▪ Everyone should, in my opinion ▪, have some understanding of science.
It seems to me that ▪ many people in this country have a poor understanding of science.
▪ This is, in my view ▪, the result of a failure of the scientific community to get its message across.
▪ Another reason why so many people have such a poor understanding of science is, I believe ▪, the lack of adequate funding for science in schools.
▪ Smith argues that science is separate from culture. My own view is that ▪ science belongs with literature, art, philosophy and religion as an integral part of our culture.
In this writer's opinion ▪, the more the public know about science, the less they will fear and distrust it.
Synonyms at think
Language Banks at according to, argue, impersonal, nevertheless, perhaps
Synonyms:
imagine
think • see • envisage • envision
These words all mean to form an idea in your mind of what sb/sth might be like.
imagine • to form an idea in your mind of what sb/sth might be like: ▪ The house was just as she had imagined it.
think • to imagine sth that might happen or might have happened: ▪ We couldn't think where you'd gone. ◊ ▪ Just think ▪ — this time tomorrow we'll be lying on a beach.
see • to consider sth as a future possibility; to imagine sb as sth: ▪ I can't see her changing her mind. ◊ ▪ His colleagues see him as a future director.
envisage • (especially BrE) to imagine what will happen in the future: ▪ I don't envisage working with him again.
The usual word for this in American English is envision (see below).
envision • to imagine what a situation will be like in the future, especially a situation that you intend to work towards: ▪ They envision an equal society, free from poverty and disease.
Envision is used especially in business and political contexts. In North American English it is also used as another form of the word envisage: ▪ I don't envision working with him again.
to imagine/see/envisage/envision sb/sth as sth
to imagine/see/envisage/envision (sb) doing sth
to imagine/think/see/envisage/envision who/what/how…
to imagine/think/envisage/envision that…
Synonyms:
think
believe • feel • reckon • be under the impression
These words all mean to have an idea that sth is true or possible or to have a particular opinion about sb/sth.
think • to have an idea that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain; to have a particular opinion about sb/sth: ▪ Do you think (that) they'll come? ◊ ▪ Well, I like it. What do you think?
believe • to have an idea that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain; to have a particular opinion about sb/sth: ▪ Police believe (that) the man may be armed.
think or believe?
When you are expressing an idea that you have or that sb has of what is true or possible, believe is more formal than think. It is used especially for talking about ideas that other people have; think is used more often for talking about your own ideas: ▪ Police believe… ◊ ▪ I think… When you are expressing an opinion, believe is stronger than think and is used especially for matters of principle; think is used more for practical matters or matters of personal taste.
feel • to have a particular opinion about sth that has happened or about what you/sb ought to do: ▪ We all felt (that) we were unlucky to lose.
reckon • (informal) to think that sth is true or possible: ▪ I reckon (that) I'm going to get that job.
be under the impression that… • to have an idea that sth is true: ▪ I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.
to think/believe/feel/reckon/be under the impression that…
It is thought/believed/reckoned that…
to be thought/believed/felt/reckoned to be sth
to think/believe/feel sth about sb/sth
to sincerely/honestly/seriously/mistakenly think/believe/feel
Example Bank:
• Did you honestly think I would agree to that?
• He seemed to have lost the ability to think rationally.
• I hate to think what would have happened if we hadn't arrived.
• I never thought you would carry out your threat.
• I often think of Jane.
• I personally think it's all been a lot of fuss over nothing.
• I still don't know what he really thinks about it.
• I suddenly thought of a way I could help.
• I'm inclined to think we've been a little harsh on her.
• She thought long and hard before accepting his offer.
• That's my opinion, but you might think otherwise.
• The drugs were affecting her and she couldn't think straight.
• Think about what you are going to do next.
• What can I do now? he thought frantically.
• What did you think of the film?
• You need to think big if you want to run this business.
• You really should think again about that.
• ‘Is he any good?’ ‘I don't think so.’
• ‘Will we make it in time?’ ‘I think so.’
• Am I right in thinking that you used to live here?
• Do you think (that) they'll come?
• He's thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.
• I can't tell you now— I'll have to think about it.
• I can't think (that) he would be so stupid.
• I didn't think you liked sports.
• I never thought (that) I'd see her again.
• I think it highly unlikely that I'll get the job.
• I think this is their house, but I'm not sure.
• I'm sorry, I wasn't thinking.
• It was once thought that the sun travelled around the earth.
• Just think — this time tomorrow we'll be lying on a beach.
• Let me think.
• We couldn't think where you'd gone.
• We'll need about 20 chairs, I should think.
• Well, I like it. What do you think?
• You'd think she'd have been grateful for my help.
• You're very quiet. What are you thinking?
Idioms: I don't think so ▪ I thought as much ▪ come to think of it ▪ have a think ▪ if you think about it ▪ think again ▪ think better of it doing something ▪ think better of somebody ▪ think nothing of it ▪ think nothing of of doing something ▪ think on your feet ▪ think out loud ▪ think out of the box ▪ think straight ▪ think the world/highly/a lot/not much/poorly/little of somebody ▪ think twice about about doing something ▪ you've got another think coming

Derived: think ahead ▪ think back ▪ think for yourself ▪ think of somebody ▪ think of somebody as somebody ▪ think of something ▪ think something out ▪ think something over ▪ think something through ▪ think something up

noun singular
Word Origin:

Old English thencan, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch and German denken.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

think / θɪŋk / verb ( thought , thought ) (CONSIDER)

A1 [ I or T ] to believe something or have an opinion or idea:

[ + (that) ] I think (that) I've met you before.

I don't think Emma will get the job.

"Do you think (that) you could get me some stamps while you're in town?"

[ + noun/adj ] Salmon used to be thought expensive/thought a luxury.

[ + to infinitive ] He was thought to have boarded the plane in New York.

What did you think of the film?

What do you think about this latest government scheme?

I think it is important to learn English.

B2 [ I ] to consider a person's needs or wishes:

She's always thinking of others.

think / θɪŋk / verb ( thought , thought ) (DECIDE)

A2 to use the brain to decide to do something:

[ + of+ -ing verb ] I'm thinking of taking up running.

[ + (that) ] I think (that) I'll go swimming after lunch.

I'm thinking about buying a new car.

think / θɪŋk / verb ( thought , thought ) (REASON)

B1 [ I ] to use the brain to plan something, solve a problem, understand a situation, etc.:

What are you thinking, Peter?

He just does these things without thinking and he gets himself into such a mess.

You think too much - that's your problem.

I'm sorry I forgot to mention your name. I just wasn't think ing .

think long and hard ( also think twice ) C1 to think very carefully about something:

I should think long and hard before you make any important decisions.

If burglars could realize how deeply they hurt people by invading their homes and stealing their treasured belongings, they might think twice before doing it.

think aloud UK ( US think out loud ) to automatically say what you are thinking:

"What did you say?" "Oh, nothing, I was just thinking aloud."

think / θɪŋk / verb [ I usually + adv/prep ] ( thought , thought ) (REMEMBER)

B1 to remember or imagine:

I was just thinking about you when you phoned.

She was so busy she didn't think to tell me about it.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

think

[θɪ̱ŋk]
♦
thinks, thinking, thought
1) VERB: no cont If you think that something is the case, you have the opinion that it is the case.
  [V that] I certainly think there should be a ban on tobacco advertising...
  [V that] Do you think I ought to seal the boxes up?...
  [it be V-ed that] A generation ago, it was thought that babies born this small could not survive...
  [V of/about n] Tell me, what do you think of my theory?...
  Peter is useless, far worse than I thought...
  [V adj] He manages a good deal better than I thought possible...
  [V so/not] `It ought to be stopped.' - `Yes, I think so.' [Also V n to-inf]
2) VERB: no cont If you say that you think that something is true or will happen, you mean that you have the impression that it is true or will happen, although you are not certain of the facts.
  [V that] Nora thought he was seventeen years old...
  [V that] Do you think she was embarrassed about it?...
  [V that] She's in Napa, I think...
  [be V-ed to-inf] The storm is thought to be responsible for as many as four deaths...
  [V so/not] `Did Mr Stevens ever mention her to you?' - `No, I don't think so.'.
3) VERB: no cont, no passive If you think in a particular way, you have those general opinions or attitudes.
  [V like n] You were probably brought up to think like that...
  [V like n] He can keep matters under control by silencing the demonstrators and others who think like them...
  [V as/like cl] If you think as I do, vote as I do...
  [V n] I don't blame you for thinking that way.
4) VERB When you think about ideas or problems, you make a mental effort to consider them.
  She closed her eyes for a moment, trying to think...
  [V about n/wh] I have often thought about this problem...
  [V about n/wh] Next time you have a problem, think about how you can improve the situation instead of dwelling on all the negative aspects...
  [V wh] Let's think what we can do...
  [V wh-to-inf] We had to think what to do next.
N-SING: a N
Think is also a noun. [mainly BRIT] I'll have a think about that.
5) VERB: no passive If you think in a particular way, you consider things, solve problems, or make decisions in this way, for example because of your job or your background.
  [V prep] To make the computer work at full capacity, the programmer has to think like the machine...
  [V prep] I meet many businessmen, and I see they think in terms of the overall picture...
  [V n] The referee has to think the way the players do.
  Syn:
  reason
6) VERB: no cont If you think of something, it comes into your mind or you remember it.
  [V of n] Nobody could think of anything to say...
  [V of n] I can't think of any reason why he should do that...
  [V of n] I just can't think of his name...
  [V wh] I was trying to think what else we had to do.
7) VERB If you think of an idea, you make a mental effort and use your imagination and intelligence to create it or develop it.
  [V of n] He thought of another way of getting out of the marriage...
  [V of n] I don't know why I never thought of that.
8) VERB: no passive If you are thinking something at a particular moment, you have words or ideas in your mind without saying them out loud.
  [V with quote] She must be ill, Tatiana thought...
  [V wh/that] I remember thinking how lovely he looked...
  [V n] I'm trying to think positive thoughts.
9) VERB: no cont If you think of someone or something as having a particular quality or purpose, you regard them as having this quality or purpose.
  [V of n as n/-ing] We all thought of him as a father...
  [V of n as n/-ing] He thinks of it as his home...
  [V of n as n/-ing] In China bats are thought of as being very lucky...
  [V n adj] Nobody had thought him capable of that kind of thing.
10) VERB: no cont If you think a lot of someone or something, you admire them very much or think they are very good.
  [V amount of n] To tell the truth, I don't think much of psychiatrists...
  [V amount of n] The Director thought a good deal of him...
  [V adv of n] People at the club think very highly of him...
  [V adv of n] He seemed to be a good man, well thought of by all.
11) VERB If you think of someone, you show consideration for them and pay attention to their needs.
  [V of n] I'm only thinking of you...
  [V of n] You never think of anyone but yourself...
  [V of n] We have the interest of 500,000 customers to think of...
  [V about n] You don't have to think about me and Hugh.
12) VERB If you are thinking of taking a particular course of action, you are considering it as a possible course of action.
  [V of -ing/n] Martin was thinking of taking legal action against Zuckerman...
  [V of -ing/n] Have you ever thought of marrying?...
  [V of -ing/n] It would be unwise for the government to think of privatisation as a means of saving money.
13) VERB: usu cont You can say that you are thinking of a particular aspect or subject, in order to introduce an example or explain more exactly what you are talking about.
  [V of n] I'm primarily thinking of the first year...
  [V of n] There is a theme of tragedy that runs through it: I'm thinking in particular of the story of Tom Howard.
14) VERB: only interrog (disapproval) You use think in questions where you are expressing your anger or shock at someone's behaviour.
  [V that] Who does she think she is? Trying to make a fool of me like that...
  [V that] You can't do this! What do you think you're doing?...
  [V of n/-ing] What were you thinking of? You shouldn't steal.
15) VERB: no cont, no passive You use think when you are commenting on something which you did or experienced in the past and which now seems surprising, foolish, or shocking to you.
  [V that] To think I left you alone in a place with a madman at large!...
  [V of n] When I think of how you've behaved and the trouble you've got into!
16) VERB: no cont (disapproval) You can use think in expressions such as you would think or I would have thought when you are criticizing someone because they ought to or could be expected to do something, but have not done it.
  [V that] You'd think you'd remember to wash your ears...
  [V that] We would have thought he would have a more responsible attitude...
  [V so] `Surely to God she should have been given some proper help.' - `Well I would have thought so.' [Also V]
17) VERB: no cont You can use think in expressions such as anyone would think and you would think to express your surprise or disapproval at the way someone is behaving.
  [V that] Anyone would think you were in love with the girl...
  [V that] You'd think you had never seen a door before!
18) → See also thinking, thought
19) PHRASE: PHR with cl You use expressions such as come to think of it, when you think about it, or thinking about it, when you mention something that you have suddenly remembered or realized.
  He was her distant relative, as was everyone else on the island, come to think of it...
  When you think about it, he's probably right.
20) PHRASE: PHR that, PHR with cl, PHR so/not (politeness) You use `I think' as a way of being polite when you are explaining or suggesting to someone what you want to do, or when you are accepting or refusing an offer.
  I think I'll go home and have a shower...
  We need a job, and I thought we could go around and ask if people need odd jobs done...
  Time for a pint of beer, I think...
  `Would you like to do that another time.' - `Yes I think so.'
21) PHRASE: PHR that, PHR with cl, PHR so/not (vagueness) You use `I think' in conversations or speeches to make your statements and opinions sound less forceful, rude, or direct.
  I think he means `at' rather than `to'...
  Thanks, but I think I can handle it...
  This is, I think, much, much more important...
  `You've got it wrong.' - `I think not.'
22) PHRASE: PHR with cl, PHR wh You say just think when you feel excited, fascinated, or shocked by something, and you want the person to whom you are talking to feel the same.
  Just think; tomorrow we shall walk out of this place and leave it all behind us forever...
  Just think how snug and cosy we could be.
  Syn:
  imagine
23) PHRASE: oft PHR about n/-ing If you think again about an action or decision, you consider it very carefully, often with the result that you change your mind and decide to do things differently.
  It has forced politicians to think again about the wisdom of trying to evacuate refugees...
  He intends to ask the court to think again.
  Syn:
  reconsider
24) PHRASE: V inflects, PHR -ing If you think nothing of doing something that other people might consider difficult, strange, or wrong, you consider it to be easy or normal, and you do it often or would be quite willing to do it.
  I thought nothing of betting ₤1,000 on a horse.
25) PHRASE: V inflects If something happens and you think nothing of it, you do not pay much attention to it or think of it as strange or important, although later you realize that it is.
  When she went off to see her parents for the weekend I thought nothing of it...
  One of Tony's friends, David, kept coming to my house but I didn't think anything of it.
26) you can't hear yourself think → see hear
to shudder to think → see shudder
to think better of it → see better
to think big → see big
to think twice → see twice
to think the world of → see world
  Phrasal Verbs:
  - think back
  - think out
  - think over
  - think through
  - think up

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹think /ˈɵɪŋk/ verb thinks; thought /ˈɵɑːt/; think·ing
1 : to believe that something is true, that a particular situation exists, that something will happen, etc.

[+ obj]

- often + that
• I thought (that) I heard your voice.
• She thinks (that) she knows the answer.
• I think (that) you can do it.
• We didn't think [=expect] (that) we would have any trouble.
• Did you really/honestly think (that) I would agree with you?
• I never thought (that) I would become a teacher.
• Who would have thought (that) we would meet each other here?
• He never thought (that) she would leave him.
• I hate to think (that) we will never see each other again.
• It was once thought (that) the Earth was flat. = The Earth was once thought to be flat.
• He is thought to have drowned.
• “Has she accepted the job?” “I (don't) think so.”
• Am I right in thinking (that) you used to work there?
• “I can beat you.” “That's what you think.” [=you might believe that you can beat me, but you're wrong]
• “Where is he?” “He's still at home.” “I thought as much.” [=I thought he was still at home]
• Well, yes. I should think so.
• You would think (that) the school would have dictionaries in the classrooms. [=the school should have dictionaries in the classroom]
• $50 is enough, I would have thought.

[no obj]

• It's going to be much more difficult than they think. [=suspect, expect]
• We may finish sooner than you think.
2 : to have an opinion about someone or something

[+ obj]

• It's hot in here, don't you think? [=don't you agree?]
• People think he is one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time. = He is thought to be one of the greatest jazz musicians of all time.
• I think he should apologize. = I should/would think he would apologize.
• Is this a good use of our tax dollars? I think not/so. [=I don't/do believe that it is]
• You should think yourself [=consider yourself] lucky/fortunate to have gotten off with only a warning!
- often + that
• I thought (that) the movie was excellent.
• He thinks (that) he is a good writer.
• Where do you think (that) we should eat?
• Do you think (that) we should buy the house?
• They think (that) it is unfair to have a rule like that. = They think it unfair to have a rule like that.

[no obj]

- + about or of
• What did you think about/of the movie? [=did you like or dislike the movie?]
• I told him exactly what I thought of him!
3 : to form or have (a particular thought) in your mind

[+ obj]

• “He's handsome,” she thought (to herself).
• You should relax and try to think pleasant thoughts.
• I was just thinking what it would be like to be a doctor.
• I dread to think how he will react.
• Why do you always think the worst?
• Just think how nice it would be to live here.

[no obj]

• Just think—in two days we'll be on vacation, lying on the beach.
- usually + about or of
• I was just thinking about you.
• I was thinking of the time we rented that cabin in the mountains.
• Just think about how much money we'll save.
4 a : to use your mind to understand or decide something

[no obj]

• Think before you answer the question.
• The game teaches students how to think.
• Let me think. Where did I see your car keys?
• We thought long and hard about it before we reached our decision.
• Don't disturb him: he's thinking.
• You have to think positive/positively if you want to succeed.
- often + about
• The lecture gave the students a lot to think about.
• I have thought very deeply about this problem, trying to find an answer.
• Think about the offer. You might change your mind.
• Do you ever think about what you are going to do after you graduate?
• If/When you think about it, the argument does make sense.

[+ obj]

• Give me a minute to think what to do.
• He couldn't think where they would have gone.
• You're awfully quiet. What are you thinking?
• I can't believe he did that! What was he thinking?
b [+ obj] : to have thoughts about (something)
• She talks and thinks business all the time.
• He is always thinking [=thinking about] money.
5 [+ obj] : to remember (something)
• Can you think where you put it?
• She was trying to think where she had heard that name before.
- often followed by to + verb
• Neither of us thought to close the garage door.
• She never thinks to call home.
• He never thought to ask how we are doing.
6 [+ obj] : to have thoughts about possibly doing (something) : to have the intention of doing (something)
• I think I'll give him a call today.
7 [+ obj]
a
- used to make a statement or suggestion less definite
• They used to live here, I think. [=I believe that they used to live here, although I'm not sure]
• I thought maybe we could go for a walk in the park.
• I was thinking we might have dinner together some time.
b
- used to politely ask someone to do something or give you something
• Do you think (that) you could give me a ride to the airport? [=could you give me a ride to the airport?]
• Do you think I could borrow the car tonight, Dad?
c
- used in questions that show anger or surprise about what someone has done or is doing
• What do you think you're doing? I just said you couldn't have one.
• Where do you think you're going? [=where are you going?] No one gave you permission to leave.
• Who do you think you are, barging in here like that?
come to think of it
- see ¹come
don't even think about (doing) it informal
- used to tell someone in a forceful way that something is not allowed
• It's illegal to park here. Don't even think about it!
not think anything of : to not think of (something) as being important or unusual
• I didn't think anything of it at the time—but it turned out to be the clue that would solve the case.
• I didn't think anything of his wearing a long coat since it was cold outside.
not think much of : to not like (someone or something) very much
• They didn't think much of my idea.
• Though the singer was very popular, she didn't think much of him.
think again informal
- used to say that what someone believes, expects, etc., is not true or will not happen
• If you think you can get away with this, think again. [=you are wrong]
think ahead : to prepare for a future event or situation by thinking about what might happen
• We should have thought ahead and brought an umbrella.
think aloud or think out loud : to say your thoughts so that other people can hear them
• No, I wasn't talking to you. I was just thinking out loud.
think back [phrasal verb] : to think about something that happened in the past - often + to
• Thinking back to my childhood, I remember summers at the beach.
• Think back to that night. What were you doing?
think better of : to decide not to do (something) after thinking further about it
• She was going to make a comment but thought better of it.
think big
- see ²big
think fit
- see ¹fit
think for yourself : to form opinions and make decisions without help from other people
• Don't let others tell you what to believe. You need to learn to think for yourself.
think less of : to not respect (someone) as much as you did before : to have a worse opinion of (someone)
• I hope you don't think (any) less of me now that you know about the trouble I got into when I was younger.
think nothing of
1 : to not hesitate at all about (doing something that other people think is very difficult or dangerous)
• She thinks nothing of running 10 miles.
2 think nothing of it
- used as a polite response when someone has apologized to you or thanked you
• “Thanks for the ride.” “Think nothing of it—I was going in this direction anyway.”
• “I'm so sorry.” “It's all right. Think nothing of it.”
think of [phrasal verb]
1 think of (something)
a : to have thoughts about possibly doing (something)
• She is thinking of applying to grad school.
• He thought of sending an e-mail but decided against it.
• She couldn't think of ever leaving her children.
b : to use your mind to form or invent (something)
• The best plan they could think of was to leave.
• “Can you give me an example?” “I'll think of something.”
• I can't think of one reason why you shouldn't do it.
• Cell phones that can access the Internet and take pictures—what will they think of next?
c : to remember (something)
• I can think of plenty of other times when you were wrong.
• I can't think of her name at the moment.
• I just thought of a good joke.
• She thought of her old home when she saw the picture.
2 think of (someone or something)
a : to have a particular kind of opinion about (someone or something)
• The hiring committee thought highly of her. [=had a high opinion of her]
• She thinks a great deal of her doctor. [=she likes/respects her doctor very much]
• I wouldn't want you to think badly of me.
• He thinks the world of his family. [=his family is very important to him]
b : to form or have an idea about (someone or something)
• People are thinking of her for president. [=are thinking that she should be the president]
• Are you thinking of any place in particular?
• I am thinking of a number between 1 and 10.
• I'll be thinking of you in my prayers.
• He thinks of them with great affection.
c : to be concerned about (someone or something) when you make decisions about what to do
• I must think first of my family.
• You should think of your job security.
• She is always thinking of the welfare of others.
3 think of (someone or something) as (someone or something) : to believe that (someone or something) is (a particular type of person or thing) or has (a particular quality)
• He thinks of himself as a good writer. [=he thinks/believes that he is a good writer]
• I think of you guys as my family.
• Play can be thought of as a child's work since it is through play that children learn.
think out [phrasal verb] think out (something) or think (something) out : to think about (something, such as a problem) for a period of time in an effort to find a solution, make a decision, etc.
• He spent hours thinking out the solution to the physics problem.
• I need time to think things out.
• The details of the contract have been carefully thought out.
• Your argument is well thought out.
think outside the box
- see ¹box
think over [phrasal verb] think (something) over or think over (something) : to think about (something) for a period of time especially in an effort to understand or make a decision about it
• I'll give you time to think the matter over.
• Think it over, and let me know what you decide.
• I've thought over what you said, and you're right.
think through [phrasal verb] think (something) through or think through (something) : to think about all the different parts or effects of (something) for a period of time especially in an effort to understand or make a decision about it
• I need time to think this through.
• We have thought through the matter and have come to a decision.
think twice informal : to think seriously about whether you really want to do something before you do it
• I'd think twice about/before doing that if I were you.
think up [phrasal verb] think up (something) or think (something) up informal : to use your mind to form or invent (something)
• Quick! We have to think up an excuse.
• They thought up a new way of raising money for charity.
to think
- used to express surprise or shock
• To think (that) he lied to you!
• To think, all we needed to do was to wait a few more days.

think

escape

/ɪˈskeɪp/

to get free from something, or to avoid something

Persian equivalent:

running away and escaping

Example:

He escaped from prison in October.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

B1 (Intermediate)

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

verb (escapes, escaping, escaped )

1 to get free from somebody or something:
The bird escaped from its cage.
Two prisoners escaped, but were later caught.

2 to manage to avoid something dangerous or unpleasant:
The pilot escaped death by seconds.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

escape

I. es‧cape1 S3 W2 /ɪˈskeɪp/ BrE AmE verb
[Word Family: noun: escape, escapism, escapee, escapologist; adjective: escaped, inescapable, escapist; verb: escape; adverb: inescapably]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old North French; Origin: escaper, from Vulgar Latin excappare, from Late Latin cappa 'head-covering'; from the idea of throwing off something that limits your movement]
1. PERSON/PLACE [intransitive] to leave a place when someone is trying to catch you or stop you, or when there is a dangerous situation:
He broke down the locked door and escaped.
escape from/through/over etc
He escaped from prison in October.
escape to
She escaped to Britain in 1938.
2. DANGER [intransitive and transitive] to get away from a dangerous or bad situation
escape with
He escaped with minor injuries.
escape unhurt/unscathed/unharmed etc
A boy escaped unhurt when the fire in his room exploded.
They went to the hills to escape the summer heat.
escape sb’s clutches (=escape from someone)
The youth was trying to escape the clutches of two drunken female companions.
3. AVOID [intransitive and transitive] to avoid something bad or that you do not want to happen:
He narrowly escaped death in an avalanche.
The two passengers escaped serious injury.
They must not be allowed to escape justice.
It seemed impossible he would escape detection.
4. GAS/LIQUID ETC [intransitive] if gas, liquid, light, heat etc escapes from somewhere, it comes out:
Vents allow any steam to escape if the system overheats.
5. SOUND [intransitive and transitive] literary if a sound escapes from someone, they accidentally make that sound:
A small laugh escaped her.
escape from
Holman let a weary sigh escape from his lips.
6. escape sb’s attention/notice if something escapes your attention or notice, you do not see it or realize that it is there
7. the name/date/title etc escapes somebody used to say that someone cannot remember something:
For some reason which escapes me, we had to take a taxi.
8. there’s no escaping (the fact) used to emphasize that something is definitely important or will definitely happen:
There’s no escaping the fact that work has profound effects on emotions and health.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS (for Meanings 1,2&3)
■ verbs
▪ try/attempt to escape Some prisoners tried to escape, but most were recaptured or shot.
■ nouns
▪ escape injury (=not be hurt) Both drivers were lucky to escape serious injury.
▪ escape justice (=not be caught and punished) These terrorists must not be allowed to escape justice.
▪ escape detection (=not be noticed) Some insects manage to escape detection by merging with the background.
▪ escape sb’s clutches (=escape and not be caught be someone) He managed to escape the men’s clutches and run off.
■ phrases
▪ narrowly escape something (=only just avoid having something bad happen to you) The firemen narrowly escaped being killed by the explosion.
▪ escape with your life (=escape and not be killed) When the tunnel collapsed, the men were lucky to escape with their lives.
▪ escape unharmed/unscathed/unhurt Two policemen were killed, but the president escaped unharmed.
▪ escape alive The crew of the sinking vessel were lucky to escape alive.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ escape to leave a place when someone is trying to catch you or stop you, or when there is a dangerous situation: The thief escaped through an upstairs window. | She managed to escape from her attacker and call the police.
▪ get away to escape from someone who is chasing you, especially when there is no chance that you will be caught. Get away is more informal than escape: The robbers got away but left plenty of clues at the scene. | Don’t let him get away!
▪ break free/break away to escape from someone who is holding you: She broke free and started running.
▪ flee written to leave somewhere very quickly in order to escape from danger: Many people were forced to flee the country. | The two men fled before police arrived.
▪ get out to escape from a building or room: I was locked in the room and couldn’t get out.
▪ break out to escape from prison: The jail is so secure that no one has ever broken out of it.
▪ abscond formal to escape from a prison or institution where you are supposed to stay: Three prisoners who absconded have still not been found. | He absconded from a psychiatric hospital.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

escape

es·cape [escape escapes escaped escaping] verb, noun [ɪˈskeɪp] [ɪˈskeɪp]

verb
1. intransitive to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner or not allowed to leave
• Two prisoners have escaped.
• They were caught trying to escape.

• ~ from sb/sth He escaped from prison this morning.

2. intransitive, transitive to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation
• ~ (from sth) She managed to escape from the burning car.
• ~ (into sth) (figurative) As a child he would often escape into a dream world of his own.

• ~ sth They were glad to have escaped the clutches of winter for another year.

3. transitive, no passive to avoid sth unpleasant or dangerous
• ~ sth She was lucky to escape punishment.
• The pilot escaped death by seconds.
• There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight.

• ~ doing sth He narrowly escaped being killed.

4. intransitive to suffer no harm or less harm than you would expect
• ~ (with sth) I was lucky to escape with minor injuries.

• + adj. Both drivers escaped unhurt.

5. transitive, no passive ~ sb/sth to be forgotten or not noticed
• Her name escapes me (= I can't remember it).

• It might have escaped your notice, but I'm very busy at the moment.

6. intransitive (of gases, liquids, etc.) to get out of a container, especially through a hole or crack
• Put a lid on to prevent heat escaping.

• toxic waste escaping into the sea

7. transitive, intransitive ~ (sth) (of a sound) to come out from your mouth without you intending it to
• A groan escaped her lips.
Verb forms:

Word Origin:
Middle English: from Old French eschaper, based on medieval Latin ex- ‘out’ + cappa ‘cloak’. Compare with escapade.
Thesaurus:
escape verb I, T, no passive
• She managed to escape from the burning car.
get away • • lose • • elude • • evade •
escape/get away from sb/sth
escape/evade being captured, killed, hit, etc.
escape/get away from/lose/elude/evade your pursuers
escape/elude/evade capture/detection/the police
Example Bank:
• Apparently, they had escaped somehow and gotten home.
• He got hurt while struggling to escape.
• He had managed to escape the clutches of the police yet again.
• I need to escape. I want to go away from here.
• It was easy to escape in the confusion of the besieged city.
• It was stupid of Lee to let them escape.
• Only two of the men escaped alive.
• She eventually escaped to the US.
• She was very lucky to escape with her life.
• The city largely escaped bombing in the campaign.
• The driver escaped without injury.
• The family escaped to England.
• The head of department cannot entirely escape responsibility for this situation.
• The survivors barely escape in whatever ships they can find.
• They escaped into the forest.
• They narrowly escaped being killed in the fire.
• They're so small they can easily escape notice.
• Thieves escaped with property worth over $5 000.
• Tony may never escape his emotional struggle.
• We would always go there to escape from it all.
• a lonely man who wants to escape his lifestyle
• errors that had escaped my notice
• pilots who successfully escaped while their aircraft was being shot down
• As he twisted the pipe a trickle of water escaped.
• Both drivers escaped unhurt.
• He fled the country to escape the king's wrath.
• No man can escape his destiny.
• Scotland seems to have escaped the worst of the recession.
• She managed to escape the fate of the other rebels.
• She only just escaped with her life.
• So far the robbers have escaped justice.
• The container is sealed so the gas has no means of escaping into the air.
• The police will not escape criticism in this affair.
• There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight.
• to escape blame/censure/criticism/sb's wrath
• to escape death/assassination/the massacre/drowning/injury/being hit/the fighting
• to escape detection/capture/arrest/justice/prosecution/conviction/punishment/prison

Idiom: make good your escape

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

escape / ɪˈskeɪp / verb [ I or T ] (GET FREE)

B1 to get free from something, or to avoid something:

Two prisoners have escaped.

A lion has escaped from its cage.

She was lucky to escape serious injury.

He narrowly (= only just) escaped a fine.

His name escapes me (= I have forgotten his name) .

Nothing important escapes her notice/attention .

escape / ɪˈskeɪp / verb [ I ] specialized (COMPUTER)

to press the key on a computer keyboard that allows you to leave a particular screen and return to the previous one or to interrupt a process:

Escape from this window and return to the main menu.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

escape

[ɪske͟ɪp]
♦♦
escapes, escaping, escaped
1) VERB: no passive If you escape from a place, you succeed in getting away from it.
  [V from n] A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England...
  [V to n] They are reported to have escaped to the other side of the border...
  He was fatally wounded as he tried to escape.
  Derived words:
  escaped ADJ Officers mistook Stephen for an escaped prisoner.
2) N-COUNT: usu poss N Someone's escape is the act of escaping from a particular place or situation.
  The man made his escape.
3) VERB You can say that you escape when you survive something such as an accident.
  [V n] The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury...
  [V adj] The man's girlfriend managed to escape unhurt...
  [V prep] He narrowly escaped with his life when suspected right-wing extremists fired shots into his office.
N-COUNT
Escape is also a noun. I hear you had a very narrow escape on the bridge.
4) N-COUNT: usu sing If something is an escape, it is a way of avoiding difficulties or responsibilities.
  But for me television is an escape.
  ...an escape from the depressing realities of wartime.
5) ADJ: ADJ n You can use escape to describe things which allow you to avoid difficulties or problems. For example, an escape route is an activity or opportunity that lets you improve your situation. An escape clause is part of an agreement that allows you to avoid having to do something that you do not want to do.
  We all need the occasional escape route from the boring, routine aspects of our lives...
  This has, in fact, turned out to be a wonderful escape clause for dishonest employers everywhere.
6) VERB If something escapes you or escapes your attention, you do not know about it, do not remember it, or do not notice it.
  [V n] It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment...
  [V n] Blonde and slender, she was too striking to escape their attention.
7) VERB When gas, liquid, or heat escapes, it comes out from a pipe, container, or place.
  Leave a vent open to let some moist air escape.
8) → See also fire escape

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹es·cape /ɪˈskeɪp/ verb -capes; -caped; -cap·ing
1 [no obj]
a : to get away from a place (such as a prison) where you are being held or kept
• The prisoner escaped (from jail).
• an escaped convict [=a convict who has escaped from prison]
b : to get away from a dangerous place or situation
• The boat sank but the crew escaped (unharmed).
• They managed to escape from the burning building.
2 : to get away from something that is difficult or unpleasant

[+ obj]

• He needed a vacation to escape the routine of daily life.
• She moved to the city to escape the memory of her mother's death.
• trying to help people to escape poverty

[no obj]

• trying to help people to escape from poverty
• This vacation will give us a chance to escape (from the routine of daily life).
• escape from reality
3 : to avoid something : to not experience something (such as disease or injury)

[+ obj]

• He succeeded in escaping punishment for many years.
• A few passengers somehow escaped injury.
• escaped being injured
• She barely/narrowly escaped death/disaster when her car slid off the road.
• Many cases of fraud escape detection. [=are not detected]

[no obj]

• Several passengers escaped without injury.
• She narrowly escaped with her life. [=she narrowly avoided death]
4 [+ obj] : to fail to be remembered or noticed by (someone)
• His name escapes me. [=I can't remember his name]
• Nothing escapes her. = Nothing escapes her notice.
5 [no obj] : to come out from somewhere
• A bit of light escaped through the cracks. : to leak out
• Gas is escaping from the tank.
6 literary : to come out or be spoken without being intended

[+ obj]

• A sigh of relief escaped her. [=she sighed in relief without realizing that she was doing it]

[no obj]

• A sigh escaped from her lips.
escape the ax
- see ¹ax
there is no escaping
- used to say that something is certainly true, real, etc., and cannot be avoided or denied
• There's no escaping the conclusion [=it is necessary to conclude] that he lied about his involvement.
• There's no escaping the fact that this system needs to be replaced.

escape