noun

charity

char·ity [charity charities]   [ˈtʃærəti]    [ˈtʃærəti]  noun (pl. char·ities)

1. countable an organization for helping people in need

• Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine.

• The concert will raise money for local charities.

2. uncountable the aim of giving money, food, help, etc. to people who are in need

• Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity.

• Do you give much to charity?

• a charity concert (= organized to get money for charity)

• to live on/off charity (= to live on money which other people give you because you are poor)

3. uncountable (formal) kindness and sympathy towards other people, especially when you are judging them

• Her article showed no charity towards her former friends.

Idiom: charity begins at home 

Word Origin:

late Old English (in the sense ‘Christian love of one's fellows’): from Old French charite, from Latin caritas, from carus ‘dear’.

Culture:

charities

Charities are independent organizations that help the poor, the homeless, children, old people and animals. They are involved with human rights, education, medical research and conservation of the environment. Many of them began in the time before governments provided any social services, when poor people had to turn to charitable organizations for help. Charities rely on money given by the public, and on help from volunteers in fund-raising and carrying out their activities.

In 2003 there were about 187 000 charities in Britain, with a total income of £30 billion. The charity with the highest income was Cancer Research UK. Many charities that are now well known throughout the world, such as Oxfam and Amnesty International, began in Britain. Americans are also enthusiastic supporters of charities. In 2002 they gave over $240 billion. The Salvation Army received the most money.

In Britain organizations qualify for charitable status if they are established for the ‘public good’. Many charities ask well-known people, including members of the royal family, to become their patrons. Charities do not pay tax on the money they receive, but they are not allowed to make a profit.

Charities in Britain are not allowed to take part in political activity, so some set up a separate pressure group which campaigns on related issues. The Charity Commission keeps a list of charities and advises them. Well-known charities working in Britain include Oxfam, the British Heart Foundation, which pays for research into heart disease, Barnardo's, Age Concern, Help the Aged and Shelter

In the US religious organizations receive most money from the public, followed by those concerned with social services, education and health. Well-known charities include the Salvation Army, the Red Cross, the United Negro College Fund, which helps African Americans get an education, and the American Cancer Society. Local charities operate shelters for the homeless and soup kitchens where poor people can eat free.

A lot of the work done by charities in the US, such as caring for the poor or providing education, is done in other countries by the government. Americans have a strong belief that, if possible, private groups, not the government, should do this work.

The traditional method of raising money is to organize a flag day. Volunteers stand in busy streets asking members of the public to put money in a collecting tin. In exchange, they are given a paper sticker, formerly a small paper flag with a pin through it, with the charity’s name on it. This is sometimes called ‘tin-rattling’. The British Legion's flag day, called Poppy Day, has become a feature of British life.

Nearly every town in Britain has several charity shops. These are run by volunteer staff and sell second-hand clothes, books and household goods at low prices in aid of charity. Some shops, e.g. Oxfam shops, also sell goods made by people who are benefiting from the charity’s work. At Christmas, people often buy charity cards, cards sold in aid of charity. Charity shops

(AmE thrift shops). are less common in the US, but include shops run by the Salvation Army and Goodwill.

In recent years, the telethon has proved an effective method of fund-raising. During an evening of popular television programmes, television stars ask the public to telephone and pledge (= promise) money to the charities involved. The Comic Relief evening in Britain and the muscular dystrophy telethon in the US are the most famous. Other fund-raising activities include fêtes (= outdoor sales of craftwork, plants, etc.) and jumble sales (= sales of second-hand goods). Sponsored walks, cycle rides, even parachute jumps, where people agree to give money to a person completing a task, are also popular. At Christmas or Thanksgiving, schools and churches organize collections of food, called food drives in the US, for old people and the poor.

An important source of funds for charities in Britain is the National Lottery, which gives a proportion of its income to ‘good causes’.

In both Britain and the US many workers have money taken from their pay and sent to charity. This is called payroll giving. Some companies in the US hold fund-raising drives, in which different parts of the company compete to see which of them pledges the most money. The United Way, a national organization that collects money to give to small local charities, benefits from this. As in Britain, many people leave money to charity in their will. It is also common, when somebody dies, for the family to ask people to send a contribution to a charity instead of sending flowers to the funeral.

Thesaurus:

charity noun

1. C

• helping local charities

cause • • foundation • |law trust •

a charity/foundation/trust for sth

a national/private/independent/family/educational/medical/conservation/housing charity/foundation/trust

help/support a charity/cause/foundation/trust

2. U

• raising money for charity

aid • • relief • • welfare • |sometimes disapproving handout •

ask for/get/receive charity/aid/relief/welfare

give (sb) charity/aid/relief/handouts

rely/depend on charity/welfare/handouts

Example Bank:

• She runs a charity for homeless young people.

• The school raised a lot of money for charity.

• The school raised over a hundred pounds for charity.

• They are proud people who don't accept charity.

• They have no money and are forced to live on charity.

• a charity for sick children

• He refused to live off charity.

• He replied patiently, with more charity than I deserved.

• Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity.

fishing

fish·ing   [ˈfɪʃɪŋ]    [ˈfɪʃɪŋ]  noun uncountable

the sport or business of catching fish

• They often go fishing.

• deep-sea fishing

• a fishing boat

• fishing grounds

• We enjoyed a day's fishing by the river.

Culture:

field sports [field sports fishing]

The main field sports are hunting, shooting and fishing. They are often also called blood sports because they involve killing animals. In Britain all three sports were traditionally associated with the upper classes, although today they all, especially fishing, attract a much wider group of people.

Fox-hunting, usually called just ‘hunting’ in Britain, was until recently the most common form of hunting. A pack of specially trained dogs (called foxhounds) chase after and kill a fox while a group of people follow on horseback, traditionally wearing pink (= red jackets) and blowing horns. Fox-hunting was once a popular subject for painting and some English country pubs display sets of prints. Fox-hunting, together with stag-hunting (= the hunting of male deer), hare coursing, in which greyhounds chase after a hare (= a type of rabbit) are now illegal, as are other blood sports such as badger-baiting and cockfighting.

The ban on hunting was an important political issue in Britain. Many people believe hunting is cruel and should be stopped, but some people living in the country see the ban as an attack on their way of life. The ban finally came into effect in 2005. Organizations opposed to hunting with dogs include the League Against Cruel Sports and the RSPCA ( Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals). The main organization in favour is the Countryside Alliance.

Shooting game birds, such as pheasant and grouse, is a sport mainly of the upper and middle classes. Grouse shooting begins each year on 12 August, the Glorious Twelfth, and takes place mainly in Scotland. The hunters often employ beaters to drive the birds towards their guns. Those who object to shooting at live birds for sport do clay pigeon shooting (= shooting at clay discs fired into the air).

Fishing, often called angling, is a very popular sport and there are many angling clubs. Three main types of angling take place: fly-fishing, coarse fishing and sea fishing. Fly-fishing, which is expensive, is fishing for salmon, trout and other fish in fast-flowing rivers, using specially disguised hooks. Coarse fishing in rivers and lakes for fish other than salmon and trout, most of which are thrown back after being caught, is more widely popular. On the coast people may fish with a rod and line from a boat or from the shore.

The US probably has more hunting organizations than any other country. This is mainly because of two strong traditions: the Constitution gives all Americans the right to own guns, and Americans have always hunted animals for food. The first Europeans who settled America hunted deer, bear, foxes, turkeys and ducks to survive, and many Americans still eat what they shoot. For these reasons, hunting is a sport for all classes and many people own hunting rifles. Americans do not use the name field sports. Instead they say outdoor sports or, because that can include camping, walking and boating, simply hunting and fishing. Bird hunting is often used instead of shooting, because that can also mean shooting at targets made of wood.

Many other Americans are against hunting, but animal rights groups have little power against organizations like the National Rifle Association, which has more than 4 million members, and other politically active groups that support hunting and fishing. Conservation organizations like the Colorado Wildlife Coalition also use their influence to protect the rights of people to hunt and fish.

The first US hunting club, the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club, was established in 1766 in Philadelphia. Fox-hunting now only takes place in a few eastern states where it is associated with the upper class and has little opposition. Americans generally hunt deer, elk, bear, antelope, mountain lion, raccoon and wild birds. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is in charge of fishing and hunting laws. States have their own wildlife departments and sometimes both national and state permission is needed to hunt.

Fishing is the most popular outdoor sport in America. Freshwater (= river) fish caught in the US include trout, bass and salmon. Saltwater (= sea) fish include flounder, mackerel, shark, snapper and tuna.

Example Bank:

• Ecuador announced a ban on fishing for shrimp.

• Fishing rights are held by the local angling club.

• He goes fishing every weekend.

• Just below that bridge is a good fishing spot.

• One of his hobbies was fly-fishing.

• She has been big game fishing off the coast of Kenya.

• The two countries have signed a new fishing agreement.

• This stretch of the river is renowned for its good fishing.

• You need a fishing licence to fish in the lake.

• controls on fishing activity

• the rich fishing grounds off the coast of Namibia

x

fish

fish [fish fishes fished fishing] noun, verb   [fɪʃ]    [fɪʃ]

noun (pl. fish or fishes) Fish is the usual plural form. The older form, fishes, can be used to refer to different kinds of fish.

1. countable a creature that lives in water, breathes through gills, and uses fins and a tail for swimming

• They caught several fish.

• tropical/marine/freshwater fish

• shoals (= groups) of fish

• a fish tank/pond

• There are about 30 000 species of fish in the world.

• The list of endangered species includes nearly 600 fishes.

• Fish stocks in the Baltic are in decline.

• In the pool she could see little silvery fish darting around.

see also  coarse fish, flatfish, sea fish, shellfish, wet fish

2. uncountable the flesh of fish eaten as food

• frozen/smoked/fresh fish

• fish pie

• The chef's fish dishes are his speciality.

• Fish forms the main part of their diet.

more at a big fish (in a small pond) at  big  adj., a cold fish at  cold  adj., a different kettle of fish at  different, drink like a fish at  drink  v., be like shooting fish in a barrel at  shoot  v.

Word Origin:

Old English fisc (as a noun denoting any animal living exclusively in water), fiscian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch vis, vissen and German Fisch, fischen.

Collocations:

The living world

Animals

animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on sth)

fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs)

birds fly/migrate/nest/sing

insects crawl/fly/bite/sting

insects/bees/locusts swarm

bees collect/gather nectar/pollen

spiders spin/weave a web

snakes/lizards shed their skins

bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate

insect larvae grow/develop/pupate

an egg/a chick/a larva hatches

attract/find/choose a mate

produce/release eggs/sperm

lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs

inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast

mark/enter/defend (a) territory

stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey

Plants and fungi

trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower

a seed germinates/sprouts

leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form

flower buds swell/open

a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes sth

pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant

produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores

produce/bear fruit

develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves

provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients

perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis

Bacteria and viruses

bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply

bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on sth

bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize sth/cause disease

bacteria break sth down/convert sth (into sth)

a virus enters/invades sth/the body

a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself)

be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria

contain/carry/harbour (especially US) harbor bacteria/a virus

kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria

Example Bank:

• He landed a big fish.

• He landed one very big fish.

• I cleaned and filleted the fish.

• Remove the skin and flake the cooked fish.

• The fish aren't biting today.

• The fish aren't biting= taking the bait today.

• This fish tastes funny.

• fish farmed in Canada

• the depletion of fish stocks

Idioms: a queer fish ▪ fish out of water ▪ have other fish to fry ▪ neither fish nor fowl ▪ there are plenty more fish in the sea

Derived: fish for something ▪ fish somebody out 

fgh

architecture

archi·tec·ture [architecture architectures]   [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)]    [ˈɑːrkɪtektʃər]  noun

1. uncountable the art and study of designing buildings

• to study architecture

2. uncountable the design or style of a building or buildings

• the architecture of the eighteenth century

• modern architecture

3. countable, uncountable (computing) the design and structure of a computer system

Word Origin:

mid 16th cent.: from Latin architectura, from architectus from Greek arkhitektōn, from arkhi- ‘chief’ + tektōn ‘builder’.

nursing

nurs·ing [nursing]   [ˈnɜːsɪŋ]    [ˈnɜːrsɪŋ]  noun uncountable

the job or skill of caring for people who are sick or injured

• a career in nursing

• nursing care

• the nursing profession

Example Bank:

• He is planning to follow a career in nursing.

• My grandmother lives in a nursing home.

• Representatives from the nursing profession will give a talk on their work.

nurse

nurse [nurse nurses nursed nursing] noun, verb   [nɜːs]    [nɜːrs]

noun

1. a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people, usually in a hospital

• a qualified/registered nurse

• student nurses

• a male nurse

• a dental nurse (= one who helps a dentist)

• a psychiatric nurse (= one who works in a hospital for people with mental illnesses)

• Nurse Bennett

• Nurse, come quickly!

see also  charge nurse, district nurse, practical nurse, registered nurse, staff nurse

2. (also nurse·maid) (old-fashioned) (in the past) a woman or girl whose job was to take care of babies or small children in their own homes

see also  nursery nurse, wet nurse 

Word Origin:

late Middle English: contraction of earlier nourice, from Old French, from late Latin nutricia, feminine of Latin nutricius ‘(person) that nourishes’, from nutrix, nutric- ‘nurse’, from nutrire ‘nourish’. The verb was originally a contraction of nourish, altered under the influence of the noun.

More About:

gender

Ways of talking about men and women

When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not.The human race

Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean ‘all men and women’. Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people.Jobs

The suffix -ess in names of occupations such as actress, hostess and waitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can use actor or host, (although actress and hostess are still very common) or a neutral word, such as server for waiter and waitress.

Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can use police officer instead of policeman or policewoman, and spokesperson instead of spokesman or spokeswoman. Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both BrE and NAmE.

When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary/nurse/model (NOT man) or a woman/female doctor/barrister/driver. However this is now not usually used unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/woman: ▪ My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor. ◊ ▪ They have a male nanny for their kids. ◊ ▪ a female racing driver Pronouns

He used to be considered to cover both men and women: ▪ Everyone needs to feel he is loved. This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, etc. one of the plural pronouns they, them, and their is often used: ▪ Does everybody know what they want? ◊ ▪ Somebody’s left their coat here. ◊ ▪ I hope nobody’s forgotten to bring their passport with them.

Some people prefer to use he or she, his or her, or him or her in speech and writing: ▪ Everyone knows what’s best for him or herself. He/she or (s)he can also be used in writing: ▪ If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/she can give you more information. (You may find that some writers just use ‘she’.) These uses can seem awkward when they are used a lot. It is better to try to change the sentence, using a plural noun. Instead of saying: ▪ A baby cries when he or she is tired you can say ▪ Babies cry when they are tired.

Example Bank:

• the children's staff nurse

• a dental nurse

• a psychiatric nurse

• a qualified/registered nurse

verb

1. transitive ~ sb to care for sb who is ill/sick or injured

• He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing cancer patients.

• She nursed her daughter back to health.

• She nursed her husband devotedly through his last illness.

2. transitive ~ sth to take care of an injury or illness

• Several weeks after the match, he was still nursing a shoulder injury.

• You'd better go to bed and nurse that cold.

• (figurative) She was nursing her hurt pride.

3. transitive ~ sth (formal) to have a strong feeling or idea in your mind for a long time

Syn:  harbour

• to nurse an ambition/a grievance/a grudge

• She had been nursing a secret desire to see him again.

4. transitive ~ sth to give special care or attention to sb/sth

• to nurse tender young plants

• He nursed the car up the steep hill.

5. transitive ~ sb/sth to hold sb/sth carefully in your arms or close to your body

• He sat nursing his cup of coffee.

6. intransitive, transitive (of a woman or female animal) to feed a baby with milk from the breast

Syn:  suckle

• a nursing mother

• ~ sb/sth The lioness is still nursing her cubs.

compare  breastfeed

7. intransitive (of a baby) to suck milk from its mother's breast

Syn:  suckle

Word Origin:

late Middle English: contraction of earlier nourice, from Old French, from late Latin nutricia, feminine of Latin nutricius ‘(person) that nourishes’, from nutrix, nutric- ‘nurse’, from nutrire ‘nourish’. The verb was originally a contraction of nourish, altered under the influence of the noun.

Collocations:

Illnesses

Becoming ill

catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug

get (BrE) ill/(NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

come down with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu

contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS

be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV

develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis

have a heart attack/a stroke

provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction

block/burst/rupture a blood vessel

damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon

Being ill

feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy

be running (BrE) a temperature/(NAmE) a fever

have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(BrE) a high temperature/(NAmE) a fever

suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder

be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine

nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover

battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism

Treatments

examine a patient

diagnose a condition/disease/disorder

be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia

prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics

treat sb for cancer/depression/shock

have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer

have/be given an injection/(BrE) a flu jab/(NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray

cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient

prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs

be vaccinated against the flu/(BrE) flu/the measles/(BrE) measles/polio/smallpox

enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease

Example Bank:

• He was nursed back to health by his devoted servant.

• He worked in a hospital for ten years, nursing cancer patients.

See also: nursemaid

nursing home

ˈnursing home [nursing home]       noun

a small private hospital, especially one where old people live and are cared for

• Eventually she had to give up her house and go into a nursing home.

information technology

inforˌmation techˈnology [information technology]       noun uncountable (abbr. IT)

the study or use of electronic equipment, especially computers, for storing and analysing information

• Recent advances in information technology have led to important changes in the operation of offices.

mathematics

math·emat·ics   [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks]    [ˌmæθəˈmætɪks]  (formal) (also BrE maths   [mæθs]  ;   [mæθs]  ) (also NAmE math   [mæθ]  ;   [mæθ]  ) noun

1. uncountable the science of numbers and shapes. Branches of mathematics include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry

• the school mathematics curriculum

2. uncountable + singular or plural verb the process of calculating using numbers

• He worked out the very difficult mathematics in great detail.

Derived Words: mathematical ▪ mathematically

See also: math ▪ maths 

Word Origin:

[mathematical mathematically mathematics] late 16th cent.: plural of obsolete mathematic ‘mathematics’, from Old French mathematique, from Latin (ars) mathematica ‘mathematical (art)’, from Greek mathēmatikē (tekhnē), from the base of manthanein ‘learn’.

engineering

en·gin·eer·ing [engineering]   [ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ]    [ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ]  noun uncountable

1. the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building and control of machines, roads, bridges, electrical equipment, etc

• The bridge is a triumph of modern engineering.

compare  reverse engineering

2. (also ˌengineering ˈscience) the study of engineering as a subject

• a degree in engineering

see also  chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, genetic engineering, mechanical engineering, social engineering 

Example Bank:

• The bridge is a fine piece of engineering.

• The building is a remarkable feat of engineering.

• Train services on Sunday will be restricted because of engineering works.

x

engineer

en·gin·eer [engineer engineers engineered engineering] noun, verb   [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)]    [ˌendʒɪˈnɪr]

noun

1. a person whose job involves designing and building engines, machines, roads, bridges, etc.

see also  chemical engineer, civil engineer, electrical engineer, lighting engineer, mechanical engineer, software engineer, sound engineer

2. a person who is trained to repair machines and electrical equipment

• They're sending an engineer to fix the phone.

3. a person whose job is to control and repair engines, especially on a ship or an aircraft

• a flight engineer

• the chief engineer on a cruise liner

4. (NAmE) (BrE ˈengine driver) a person whose job is driving a railway/railroad engine

5. a soldier trained to design and build military structures

Word Origin:

Middle English (denoting a designer and constructor of fortifications and weapons; formerly also as ingineer): in early use from Old French engigneor, from medieval Latin ingeniator, from ingeniare ‘contrive, devise’, from Latin ingenium ‘talent, device’, from in- ‘in’ + gignere ‘beget’; in later use from French ingénieur or Italian ingegnere, also based on Latin ingenium, with the ending influenced by -eer.

Example Bank:

• We were on the phone with a technical support engineer.

• You need the advice of a qualified engineer.

• engineers who designed and built advanced military aircraft

• a chemical/civil/electrical/mechanical engineer

verb

1. ~ sth (often disapproving) to arrange for sth to happen or take place, especially when this is done secretly in order to give yourself an advantage

Syn:  contrive

• She engineered a further meeting with him.

2. usually passive ~ sth to design and build sth

• The car is beautifully engineered and a pleasure to drive.

3. ~ sth to change the genetic structure of sth

Syn: genetically modify

• genetically engineered crops

Word Origin:

Middle English (denoting a designer and constructor of fortifications and weapons; formerly also as ingineer): in early use from Old French engigneor, from medieval Latin ingeniator, from ingeniare ‘contrive, devise’, from Latin ingenium ‘talent, device’, from in- ‘in’ + gignere ‘beget’; in later use from French ingénieur or Italian ingegnere, also based on Latin ingenium, with the ending influenced by -eer.

Example Bank:

• She carefully engineered a meeting with the chairman.

• The car is superbly engineered and a pleasure to drive.

• This heavier-weight paper is specifically engineered for inkjet printing.

• genetically engineered organisms

• genetically engineered plants

• He had no idea that his downfall had been engineered by his deputy.

• The firm effectively engineered its own takeover.

• They've designed/engineered a new car.

• the men who engineered the tunnel

See also: engine driver

education

edu·ca·tion [education educations]   [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]    [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn]  noun
1. uncountable, singular a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills
• primary/elementary education
• secondary education
• further/higher/post-secondary education
• students in full-time education
• adult education classes
• a college/university education
• the state education system
• a man of little education

• She completed her formal education in 1995.

2. uncountable, singular a particular kind of teaching or training
• health education
• an alcohol education programme (= to warn of the dangers of alcohol)

• Patient education is important to minimize the risk of a second heart attack.

3. (also Education) uncountable the institutions or people involved in teaching and training
• the Education Department
• the Department of Health, Education and Welfare

• There should be closer links between education and industry.

4. (usually Education) uncountable the subject of study that deals with how to teach
• a College of Education
• a Bachelor of Education degree

• She's an education major.

5. singular (often humorous) an interesting experience that teaches you sth
• The rock concert was quite an education for my parents!  
Word Origin:
mid 16th cent.: from Latin educatio(n-), from the verb educare, related to educere ‘lead out’, from e- (variant of ex-) ‘out’ + ducere ‘to lead’.  
Thesaurus:
education noun U, sing.
• He had little formal education.
teaching • • training • • learning • • study • |BrE coaching • |especially AmE tutoring • |formal schooling • • instruction • • tuition •
education/teaching/training/coaching/tutoring/schooling/instruction/tuition in sth
public/state education/schooling
private education/teaching/study/coaching/tutoring/schooling/tuition
have/get/receive (an) education/training/coaching/tutoring/instruction/tuition 
Collocations:
Education
Learning
acquire/get/lack (an) education/training/(BrE) (some) qualifications
receive/provide sb with training/tuition
develop/design/plan a curriculum/(especially BrE) course/(NAmE) program/syllabus
give/go to/attend a class/lesson/lecture/seminar
hold/run/conduct a class/seminar/workshop
sign up for/take a course/classes/lessons
School
go to/start preschool/kindergarten/nursery school
be in the first, second, etc. (NAmE) grade/(especially BrE) year (at school)
study/take/drop history/chemistry/German, etc.
(BrE) leave/finish/drop out of/ (NAmE) quit school
(NAmE) graduate high school/college
Problems at school
be the victim/target of bullying
(BrE) play truant from/ (both BrE, informal) bunk off/skive off school (= not go to school when you should)
(both especially NAmE) skip/cut class/school
(BrE) cheat in/(NAmE) cheat on an exam/a test
get/be given a detention (for doing sth)
be expelled from/be suspended from school
Work and exams
do your homework/(BrE) revision/a project on sth
work on/write/do/submit an essay/a dissertation/a thesis/an assignment/(NAmE) a paper
finish/complete your dissertation/thesis/studies/coursework
hand in/ (NAmE) turn in your homework/essay/assignment/paper
study/prepare/ (BrE) revise/ (NAmE) review/ (NAmE, informal) cram for a test/an exam
take/ (both BrE) do/sit a test/an exam
(especially BrE) mark/ (especially NAmE) grade homework/a test
(BrE) do well in/ (NAmE) do well on/ (informal, especially NAmE) ace a test/an exam
pass/fail/ (informal, especially NAmE) flunk a test/an exam/a class/a course/a subject
University
apply to/get into/go to/start college/(BrE) university
leave/graduate from law school/college/(BrE) university (with a degree in computer science)
study for/take/ (BrE) do/complete a law degree/a degree in physics
(both NAmE) major/minor in biology/philosophy
earn/receive/be awarded/get/have/hold a master's degree/a bachelor's degree/a PhD in economics 
Example Bank:
• 41% had some post-secondary education.
• Although he had had little formal education, he could read and write well.
• He received a classical education.
• He was at a disadvantage because of the poor education he had received.
• He went to America to complete his education.
• He'd received an excellent general education in Poland.
• How well a child does at school is influenced by the level of parental education.
• Many people lack the education and training that is needed for these jobs.
• Nigeria committed itself to universal primary education.
• No one is denied an education because they are poor in this country.
• Researchers have found that single-sex education may benefit girls.
• She brought up two children while pursuing a college education.
• She went to college to continue her education.
• Technology allows distance education to occur at all levels.
• The council has launched a new health education campaign.
• The project seeks to improve education for students.
• The school provides an excellent all-round education.
• There are additional education requirements for nurses on this course.
• They set up an account to fund their daughter's education.
• They want to broaden their research and education activities.
• We acquire much of our world knowledge through education.
• We need to invest in the higher education sector.
• a college of further education
• a policy that has been adopted by the entire education community
• adult education courses
• children in early education settings
• education about danger on the roads
• efforts to improve education standards
• funds provided by the local education authority
• parents who choose private education for their children
• students entering higher education
• the party's policy on comprehensive education
• young people who are just leaving full-time education
• Education about HIV and other preventable diseases needs to improve.
• Elementary education is excellent in this area.
• Every child in the country needs to be provided with a first-class education.
• He had little formal education.
• In those days it was very difficult for poorer people to get a university education.
• It is only through education that prejudice can be overcome.
• Only about 40% of girls in the poorer areas of the country have access to primary education.
• Parents are beginning to wake up to the importance of pre-school education.
• Sex education in schools needs to be improved.
• The government is planning major reforms in the education system.
• There needs to be more money going into state education.
• We have a thriving continuing education department.
• Where did he go to for his secondary education?

• Will she go on to higher education?

psychology

psych·ology AW [psychology psychologies]   [saɪˈkɒlədʒi]    [saɪˈkɑːlədʒi]  noun

1. uncountable the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour

• social/educational/child psychology

compare  pop psychology

2. singular the kind of mind that sb has that makes them think or behave in a particular way

• the psychology of small boys

3. singular how the mind influences behaviour in a particular area of life

• the psychology of interpersonal relationships

Word Origin:

late 17th cent.: from modern Latin psychologia (see psycho-, -logy).

Example Bank:

• The answers we give will reflect our own psychology.

• Watching the shoppers at the sales gave her a first-hand insight into crowd psychology.