British English

stair·way /ˈsteɚˌweɪ/ noun, pl -ways [count] : a set of stairs that go from one level or floor to another
• He took the stairway up to the third floor. [=he went to the third floor by walking up the stairs]

American English

British English

A2 (Elementary)

stairway

noun

office

office [noun] (WORK PLACE)

/ˈɑː.fɪs/

/ˈɒf.ɪs/

Example:

Our central office is in New York.

A room or part of a building in which people work, especially sitting at tables with computers, phones, etc., usually as a part of a business or other organization

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

Example:

Our central office is in New York.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

office

noun

1 a place where people work, usually at desks:
I work in an office

2 a place where you can buy something or get information Look at post office and ticket office.

3 Office one part of the government:
the Foreign Office

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

office

of‧fice S1 W1 /ˈɒfəs, ˈɒfɪs $ ˈɒː-, ˈɑː-/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: noun: ↑office, ↑officer, ↑official, ↑officialdom, ↑officialese, ↑officiousness; adverb: ↑officially ≠ ↑unofficially, ↑officiously; adjective: ↑official ≠ ↑unofficial, ↑officious; verb: ↑officiate]
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: Latin officium 'service, duty, office', from opus 'work' + facere 'to do']
1. BUILDING [countable] a building that belongs to a company or an organization, with rooms where people can work at desks:
The department occupies an office just a mile from the White House.
main/head office (=the most important office)
The head office is in Edinburgh.
Did you go to the office (=the office where you work) today?
at the office
Have a nice day at the office.
local/regional office
The agency has a network of regional offices.
office staff/workers/equipment etc
Office staff need well-designed desks and chairs.
the increased demand for office space
2. ROOM [countable] a room where someone has a desk and works, on their own or with other people:
the manager’s office
Sorry, Ann’s not in her office right now.
Dan shares an office with Lisa.
3. office hours
a) the time between about 9:00 in the morning and 5:00 in the afternoon, when people in offices are working:
Can you phone again during office hours?
b) American English the time during the day or week when students can meet with their teacher in the teacher’s office:
Professor Lee’s office hours are from two to four on Mondays and Thursdays.
4. JOB [uncountable and countable] an important job or position with power, especially in government:
the office of President
in office
She was celebrating ten years in office.
A provisional military government took office (=started in an important job or position).
hold office (=have a particular important job or position)
Trujillo held office as finance minister.
a five-year term of office (=period of time working in an important job)
5. Office used in the names of some government departments:
the Foreign Office
the Office of the District Attorney
6. PLACE FOR INFORMATION [countable] a room or building where people go to ask for information, buy tickets etc
information/ticket etc office
the tourist office
Is there a lost property office? ⇨ ↑box office, ↑post office, ↑registry office
7. DOCTOR [countable] American English the place where a doctor or ↑dentist examines or treats people SYN surgery British English
8. sb’s good offices/the good offices of somebody formal help given by someone who has authority or can influence people
through the good offices of somebody
I managed to obtain a visa through the good offices of a friend in the Service.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

office

of·fice [office offices] [ˈɒfɪs] [ˈɔːfɪs] [ˈɑːfɪs] noun

ROOM/BUILDING

1. countable a room, set of rooms or building where people work, usually sitting at desks

• The company is moving to new offices on the other side of town.

• Are you going to the office today?

• an office job

• office workers

see also back office, head office

2. countable a room in which a particular person works, usually at a desk

• Some people have to share an office.

• Come into my office.

3. countable (NAmE) (BrE sur·gery) a place where a doctor, dentist or vet sees patients

• a doctor's/dentist's office

4. countable (often in compounds) a room or building used for a particular purpose, especially to provide information or a service

• the local tourist office

• a ticket office

see also box office, registry office

GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT

5. Office countable used in the names of some British government departments

• the Foreign Office

• the Home Office

• the Office of Fair Trading

IMPORTANT POSITION

6. uncountable, countable an important position of authority, especially in government; the work and duties connected with this

• She held office as a cabinet minister for ten years.

• How long has he been in office?

• The party has been out of office (= has not formed a government) for many years.

• The present government took office in 2009.

• to seek/run for office

• (BrE) to stand for office

• the office of treasurer

Idiom: through somebody's good offices

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

office / ˈɒf.ɪs / / ˈɑː.fɪs / noun (WORK PLACE)

A2 [ C ] a room or part of a building in which people work, especially sitting at tables with computers, phones, etc., usually as a part of a business or other organization:

the director's office

I didn't leave the office until eight o'clock last night.

office equipment

office workers

See picture in the office

See picture office equipment 1

See picture office equipment 2

[ C ] a part of a company:

They have offices in Paris, London, and Madrid.

[ C ] US ( UK surgery ) a place where you can go to ask advice from or receive treatment from a doctor or dentist:

The doctor does not make house calls - you will have to come to her office.

office / ˈɒf.ɪs / / ˈɑː.fɪs / noun [ C or U ] (RESPONSIBILITY)

C1 a position of authority and responsibility in a government or other organization:

the office of vice president

As chairman of the association, he held office for over 20 years.

The Socialist party has been in office (= governing) / out of office (= not governing) for almost ten years.

She's held various offices during her time as a minister.

Office / ˈɒf.ɪs / / ˈɑː.fɪs / noun [ C ]

a department of the national government in Britain, or an official government organization:

the Home Office

the Foreign Office

the Office of Fair Trading

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

office

/ɒfɪs, AM ɔ:f-/
(offices)

Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.

1.
An office is a room or a part of a building where people work sitting at desks.
He had an office big enough for his desk and chair, plus his VDU...
At about 4.30 p.m. Audrey arrived at the office...
Telephone their head office for more details.
...an office block.
N-COUNT

2.
An office is a department of an organization, especially the government, where people deal with a particular kind of administrative work.
Thousands have registered with unemployment offices.
...Downing Street’s press office.
...the Congressional Budget Office.
N-COUNT; N-IN-NAMES

3.
An office is a small building or room where people can go for information, tickets, or a service of some kind.
The tourist office operates a useful room-finding service.
...the airline ticket offices.
N-COUNT: usu supp N

4.
A doctor’s or dentist’s office is a place where a doctor or dentist sees their patients. (AM; in BRIT, use surgery)
N-COUNT

5.
If someone holds office in a government, they have an important job or position of authority.
The events to mark the President’s ten years in office went ahead as planned...
They are fed up with the politicians and want to vote them out of office...
The president shall hold office for five years...
He ran for office.
N-UNCOUNT: oft in/out of N

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

office
of·fice /ˈɑːfəs/ noun, pl -fic·es
1 [count]
a : a building or room in which people work at desks doing business or professional activities
• She works at/in our Chicago office.
• Are you going to the office today?
• The company's main/home office [=the company's most important office] is in San Francisco.
- often used before another noun
• A new office building [=a building with offices] is being built on Main Street.
• office equipment/supplies
• Our company is having an office party [=a party for the people who work at the office] next week.
• The company is renting office space downtown.
• office workers/staff
- see picture on the next page
b : a room with a desk where a particular person works
• The supervisor held an informal meeting in his office.
• Her office is on the top floor near the elevator.
• He misbehaved in class and was sent to the principal's office.
• We use the extra bedroom in our house as an office.
c chiefly US : a building or room where a doctor, lawyer, etc., works and meets with patients or clients
• We stopped by the lawyer's office to pick up some documents.
• the doctor's office [=(Brit) surgery]
- see also box office, oval office, ticket office
2 : the job or position of someone who has authority especially in the government

[noncount]

• He has been in office for a decade.
• He was voted out of office.
• He won the election and will take office at the beginning of the year.
• She has decided to leave office after two successful terms.
• She plans to run for office [=campaign to be elected to an office] again.
• U.S. senators are elected to a term of office of six years.

[count]

• She has held several public offices.
3 [count] : a department of a company, organization, government, or school.
• She went to the unemployment office.
• Where is the registrar's office on campus?
• the U.S. Patent Office
- see also foreign office, home office, post office, register office, registry office
good offices formal : help from someone who has power or authority
• I got the interview through the good offices of a former classmate.

garage

garage [noun] (CARS)

/ɡəˈrɑːʒ/

/ˈɡær.ɑːʒ/

Example:

A three-car garage

a building for keeping a car in, especially one that is connected to or near a house

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

Example:

A three-car garage

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

garage

noun

1 a building where you keep your car

2 a place where vehicles are repaired and where you can buy a car or buy petrol and oil

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

garage

I. noun

I. gar‧age1 S2 /ˈɡærɪdʒ, -ɑːʒ $ ɡəˈrɑːʒ/ noun
[Date: 1900-2000; Language: French; Origin: garer 'to shelter']
1. [countable] a building for keeping a car in, usually next to or attached to a house ⇨ carport:
   • I’ll just go and put the car in the garage.
  a double/single/two-car/one-car garage
   • Their house had a double garage.
   • an automatic garage door
2. [countable] (also parking garage especially American English) a building in a public place where cars can be parked:
   • We parked in an underground garage near the hotel.
3. [countable] a place where motor vehicles are repaired:
   • My car’s at the garage.
4. [countable] British English a place where you buy petrol SYN petrol station, gas station American English
5. [uncountable] a type of popular music played on electronic instruments, with a strong fast beat and singing:
   • a collection of the latest dance and garage hits
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS■ verbs

▪ put the car in the garage • Dad's just putting the car in the garage.
▪ get the car out of the garage • Wait here while I get the car out of the garage.

■ adjectives

   ▪ a double/two-car garage (=for two cars) • The house had a double garage.
   ▪ a single/one-car garage (=for one car) • A single garage could boost the price of a house by 8%.
   ▪ a detached garage (=not joined to a house) • The house benefits from a large detached garage.
   ▪ an integral garage (=part of a house and not a separate building) • The house has huge gardens and an integral garage.
   ▪ a lock-up garage British English (=that you rent to keep a car or goods in) • They kept the car in a lock-up garage round the corner.

■ garage + NOUN

▪ the garage door • She locked the garage door.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

garage

gar·age [garage garages garaged garaging] noun, verb [ˈɡærɑːʒ] [ˈɡærɑːdʒ] [ˈɡærɪdʒ] [ɡəˈrɑːʒ] [ɡəˈrɑːdʒ]

noun

1. countable a building for keeping one or more cars or other vehicles in: (BrE) a house with a built-in garage

• (NAmE) a house with an attached garage

• a double garage (= one for two cars)

• a bus garage

• an underground garage (= for example under an office building)

2. countable a place where vehicles are repaired and where you can buy a car or buy petrol/gas and oil

• a garage mechanic

see also petrol station

3. uncountable a type of house music

Word Origin:

early 20th cent.: from French, from garer ‘to shelter’.

Example Bank:

• Don't forget to put the car in the garage.

• I took the car to the local garage to get it fixed.

• The car's still at the garage.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

garage / ˈɡær.ɑːʒ / / -ɪdʒ / / ɡəˈrɑːʒ / noun (CARS)

A2 [ C ] a building where a car is kept, built next to or as part of a house:

Did you put the car in the garage?

See picture houses and homes

B1 [ C ] a place where cars are repaired:

The car's still at the garage getting fixed.

[ C ] UK ( US gas station ) a place where fuel is sold for cars and other vehicles UK a place where cars are sold

garage / ˈɡær.ɑːʒ / / -ɪdʒ / / ɡəˈrɑːʒ / noun [ U ] (MUSIC)

fast, electronic dance music with a strong beat, keyboards, and singing

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

garage

/gærɑ:ʒ, -rɪdʒ, AM gərɑ:ʒ/
(garages)

1.
A garage is a building in which you keep a car. A garage is often built next to or as part of a house.
N-COUNT

2.
A garage is a place where you can get your car repaired. In Britain, you can also buy fuel for your car, or buy cars.
Nancy took her car to a local garage for a check-up...
N-COUNT; N-IN-NAMES

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹ga·rage /gəˈrɑːʒ, Brit ˈgærɪʤ/ noun, pl -rag·es [count]
1 : a building or part of a building in which a car, truck, etc., is kept
• a house with a two-car garage
- see picture at house; see also parking garage
2 : a shop where vehicles are repaired
• My car was making a strange noise, so I brought it to the garage.

balcony

balcony [noun] (ON BUILDING)

/ˈbæl.kə.ni/

Example:

We had drinks on the hotels balcony.

A place where you can stand just outside an upper window. It sticks out from the wall of a building.

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

Example:

We had drinks on the hotels balcony.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

walls and parts of walls

Level:

B1 (Intermediate)

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

balcony

noun (plural balconies)
a small platform on the outside wall of a building, above the ground, where you can stand or sit

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

balcony

bal‧co‧ny /ˈbælkəni/ noun (plural balconies) [countable]
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: Italian; Origin: balcone]
1. a structure that you can stand on, that is attached to the outside wall of a building, above ground level:
• Has your flat got a balcony?
2. the seats upstairs at a theatre ⇨ stalls

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

balcony

bal·cony [balcony balconies] [ˈbælkəni] [ˈbælkəni] noun (pl. bal·conies)

1. a platform that is built on the upstairs outside wall of a building, with a wall or rail around it. You can get out onto a balcony from an upstairs room.

2. an area of seats upstairs in a theatre

see also circle, first balcony

Word Origin:

early 17th cent.: from Italian balcone, probably ultimately of Germanic origin.

Example Bank:

• We had drinks on the hotel balcony.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

balcony / ˈbæl.kə.ni / noun [ C ] (ON BUILDING)

B1 an area with a wall or bars around it that is joined to the outside wall of a building on an upper level:

We had drinks on the hotel balcony.

See picture house

balcony / ˈbæl.kə.ni / noun [ C ] (IN THEATRE)

C2 an area of seats at an upper level in a theatre:

Our seats are in row F of the balcony.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

balcony

/bælkəni/
(balconies)

1.
A balcony is a platform on the outside of a building, above ground level, with a wall or railing around it.
N-COUNT

2.
The balcony in a theatre or cinema is an area of seats above the main seating area.
= circle
N-SING

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

balcony

bal·co·ny /ˈbælkəni/ noun, pl -nies [count]
1 : a raised platform that is connected to the side of a building and surrounded by a low wall or railing
• We asked for a hotel room with a balcony.
- see picture on next page
2 : a floor or seating area above the main floor of a theater
• Our seats are on/in the balcony. = We have balcony seats.

hungry

hungry [adjective] (NEEDING FOOD)

/ˈhʌŋ.ɡri/

Example:

A hungry man would do anything.

feeling that you want to eat

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

hungry

adjective (hungrier, hungriest)
wanting to eat:
Let's eat soon – I'm hungry!
Look at thirsty.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

hungry

hun‧gry S2 /ˈhʌŋɡri/ adjective (comparative hungrier, superlative hungriest)
[Word Family: noun: hunger; adverb: hungrily; adjective: hungry]
1. wanting to eat something ⇨ thirsty:
   • I was cold, tired, and hungry.
   • If you get hungry, there’s some cold chicken in the fridge.
   • Do you still feel hungry?
2. ill or weak as a result of not having enough to eat for a long time:
   • We can’t justify wasting food when half the world is hungry.
3. go hungry to not have enough to eat:
   • Thousands of families go hungry every day.
4. wanting or needing something very much SYN eager
  hungry for
   • She is hungry for success.
  hungry to do something
   • Stan was hungry to learn.
5. the hungry [plural] people who do not have enough food to eat
6. power-hungry/news-hungry etc wanting power, news etc very much:
   • a power-hungry politician
     • • •

THESAURUS

■ wanting to eat

   ▪ hungry wanting to eat something: • We were really hungry after our long walk. | • It’s hard work cooking for a bunch of hungry kids.
   ▪ peckish [not before noun] British English informal a little hungry: • I’m feeling a bit peckish. What’s in the fridge?
   ▪ starving/ravenous /ˈrævənəs/ (also starved American English) [not before noun] spoken very hungry and wanting to eat as soon as possible: • I missed lunch and I’m absolutely starving. | • Sam’s always ravenous when he gets home from school.
   ▪ famished very hungry. Famished is less common and sounds a little more formal than starving or ravenous: • Everyone was famished by the time they arrived.
   ▪ I could eat a horse! spoken used to say that you are very hungry: • ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘Yeah, I could eat a horse.’
   ▪ appetite the desire for food that you have when you are hungry: • Exercise usually gives me an appetite. | • It’s healthy to have a good appetite.

■ ill because of lack of food

   ▪ hungry ill or weak because of not having enough to eat: • terrible pictures of hungry children in Africa
   ▪ starving not having had enough food for a long time and likely to die soon without food: • Because of the drought, millions of people were starving. | • the starving refugees from the war
   ▪ malnourished formal unhealthy and thin because you have not had the right kinds of food over a long period of time: • According to the report, one-fifth of the world’s population are malnourished. | • malnourished infants

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

hungry

hun·gry [hungry hungrier hungriest] [ˈhʌŋɡri] [ˈhʌŋɡri] adjective (hun·grier, hun·gri·est)

1. feeling that you want to eat sth

• I'm really hungry.

• She wasn't feeling very hungry.

• Is anyone getting hungry?

• All this talk of food is making me hungry.

• I have a hungry family to feed.

2. not having enough food to eat

• Thousands are going hungry because of the failure of this year's harvest.

3. the hungry noun plural people who do not have enough food to eat

4. only before noun causing you to feel that you want to eat sth

• All this gardening is hungry work.

5. ~ (for sth) having or showing a strong desire for sth

• Both parties are hungry for power.

• power-hungry

• The child is simply hungry for affection.

• His eyes had a wild hungry look in them.

Derived Word: hungrily

Word Origin:

Old English hungrig, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch hongerig, German hungrig, also to hunger.

Thesaurus:

hungry adj.

• This talk of food is making me hungry.

starving • • ravenous •

hungry/starving for sth

hungry/starving children/people

Example Bank:

• We were all ravenously hungry after the walk.

• the number of children who have to go hungry

• His eyes had a wild, hungry look in them.

• I'm really hungry.

• There were eight hungry mouths to feed at home.

• They've compiled a list of the ten most power-hungry companies in the country.

• Thousands are going hungry because of the failure of this year's harvest.

• We like to use small agencies that are hungry for our business.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

hungry / ˈhʌŋ.ɡri / adjective (NEEDING FOOD)

A1 wanting or needing food:

By four o'clock I felt/was really hungry.

The children are always hungry when they get home from school.

There are too many hungry people (= people without enough to eat) in the world.

She often goes hungry herself (= does not eat) so that her children can have enough to eat.

Digging the garden is hungry work (= makes you feel hunger) .

hungrily / -ɡrɪ.li / adverb

They sat down and ate hungrily.

He looked at her hungrily (= showing desire for her) .

hungry / ˈhʌŋ.ɡri / adjective (WANTING)

C2 having a strong wish or desire for something:

She was so hungry for success that she'd do anything to achieve it.

Journalists were hungry for details.

hungrily / -ɡrɪ.li / adverb

They sat down and ate hungrily.

He looked at her hungrily (= showing desire for her) .

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

hungry

/hʌŋgri/
(hungrier, hungriest)

1.
When you are hungry, you want some food because you have not eaten for some time and have an uncomfortable or painful feeling in your stomach.
My friend was hungry, so we drove to a shopping mall to get some food...
≠ full
ADJ
• hun‧gri‧ly
James ate hungrily.
ADV: ADV with v

2.
If people go hungry, they do not have enough food to eat.
Leonidas’ family had been poor, he went hungry for years.
PHRASE: V inflects

3.
If you say that someone is hungry for something, you are emphasizing that they want it very much. (LITERARY)
I left Oxford in 1961 hungry to be a critic.
= eager
ADJ: usu v-link ADJ for n, v-link ADJ to-inf [emphasis]
•
Hungry is also a combining form.
...power-hungry politicians.
COMB in ADJ
• hun‧gri‧ly
He looked at her hungrily. What eyes! What skin!
ADV: ADV with v

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

hungry

hun·gry /ˈhʌŋgri/ adj hun·gri·er; -est
1 a : suffering because of a lack of food : greatly affected by hunger
• There are millions of hungry people throughout the world.
• Too many people in the world go hungry every day. [=suffer every day because they do not have enough food to eat]
b : having an uncomfortable feeling in your stomach because you need food : feeling hunger
• That girl is always hungry.
• I'm hungry. When's dinner?
• I feel hungry.
2 not used before a noun : feeling a strong desire or need for something or to do something
• The prisoners' families were hungry for more information.
• They were hungry to learn more.
• hungry for success/attention/power
- often used in combination
• power-hungry politicians
3 always used before a noun : showing hunger or desire
• hungry eyes
• a hungry look
4 : feeling a strong desire and determination to succeed
• The coach wants the players to stay hungry. [=to continue feeling a strong desire to win]
- hun·gri·ly /ˈhʌŋgrəli/ adv
• The dog stared hungrily at the food on the table.

building

building [noun]

/ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/

Example:

Several buildings were destroyed by fire.

A structure with walls and a roof, such as a house or factory:

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

Example:

Several buildings were destroyed by fire.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

Level:

Region:

Oxford Essential Dictionary

building

noun
a structure with a roof and walls. Houses, schools, churches and shops are all buildings.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

building

build‧ing S1 W1 /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ BrE AmE noun
[Word Family: noun: ↑build, ↑builder, ↑building; verb: ↑build, ↑rebuild; adjective: ↑built]
1. [countable] a structure such as a house, church, or factory, that has a roof and walls:
The offices are on the top two floors of the building.
a farmhouse and other farm buildings
2. [uncountable] the process or business of building things ⇨ construction:
There is a limited supply of land for building.
stone, timber, and other building materials
building of
The enquiry recommended the building of a tunnel.
• • •
COLLOCATIONS
■ verbs
▪ put up a building (also erect a building formal) They keep pulling down the old buildings and putting up new ones.
▪ pull down/knock down/tear down a building All the medieval buildings were torn down.
▪ demolish/destroy a building (=pull it down) Permission is needed to demolish listed buildings.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + building
▪ a tall building The park was surrounded by tall buildings.
▪ a high-rise building (=very tall with many floors) a New York high-rise building
▪ a low building That low building is a stable block.
▪ an office/school/hospital etc building Our office building is just ten minutes’ walk from where I live.
▪ a public building The town has a number of interesting public buildings, including the old town hall.
▪ a beautiful building (also a fine/handsome building British English) The old station was a fine building, but has sadly been demolished.
▪ an impressive/imposing building the impressive buildings around the town’s central square
▪ a brick/stone/wooden building The farmhouse is a long stone building about a century old.
▪ a two-storey/three-storey etc building (=with two, three etc floors) Our villa was a delightful two-storey building.
▪ a single-storey/one-storey building (=with only one floor)
▪ a historic building (=an old building of historical interest) Most of the historic buildings are from the 18th century.
▪ a listed building British English (=a historic building that is protected by a government order) The school is actually a listed building.
▪ a derelict building (=empty and in very bad condition) Near the canal there are a number of derelict buildings.
▪ a dilapidated building (=in bad condition) He rented an apartment at the top of a dilapidated building in Paris.
▪ a ramshackle building (also a tumbledown building British English) (=old and almost falling down) The farm was surrounded by tumbledown buildings.
• • •
THESAURUS
▪ building a structure such as a house, church, or factory, that has a roof and walls: The college needs money to pay for new buildings.
▪ property formal a building or piece of land, or both together - used especially when talking about buying and selling buildings or land: The next property they looked at was too small. | The company received permission to build six residential properties on the land.
▪ premises formal the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses: You are not allowed to drink alcohol on the premises. | The bread is baked on the premises.
▪ complex a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose: The town has one of the best leisure complexes in the country. | a luxury apartment complex
▪ development a group of new buildings that have all been planned and built together on the same piece of land: a new housing development | a huge industrial development
▪ block especially British English a large tall building that contains apartments or offices, or is part of a school, university, or hospital: an office block | a block of flats | a tower block (=a very tall building - often used disapprovingly) | My next lecture is in the science block.
▪ facility especially American English a place or building used for a particular activity or industry: a research facility on campus
▪ edifice formal a large building, especially one that is tall and impressive - a very formal use: Their head office was an imposing edifice.
▪ structure formal something that has been made to stand upright - used especially when talking about buildings: The stone arch is one of the town’s oldest existing structures. | an immense barn-like structure | Mogul calls this building, designed by Donald and John Parkinson in 1928, ‘the most important structure in Los Angeles of the 20th century.’

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

building

build·ing [building buildings] [ˈbɪldɪŋ] [ˈbɪldɪŋ] noun

1. countable a structure such as a house or school that has a roof and walls

• tall/old/historic buildings

2. uncountable the process and work of building
• the building of the school
• There's building work going on next door.
• the building trade
• building materials/costs/regulations
Thesaurus:
building noun
1. C
• a tall/high-rise/ten-storey building
property • • structure • • premises • • complex • |especially BrE block •
a commercial/residential building/property/premises/complex/block
erect a building/structure/complex/block
demolish a building/property/structure/complex/block
2. U
• There's building work going on next door.
construction • • assembly •
Opp: demolition
house/road building/construction
building/construction companies/costs/firms/jobs/materials/work
the building/construction industry
Building or construction? Construction is a more technical word, used in business and industrial contexts. Building is used to talk about building work on a smaller scale.
Collocations:
Decorating and home improvement
Houses
refurbish/renovate/ (BrE) do up a building/a house
convert a building/house/room into homes/offices/(especially NAmE) apartments/(BrE) flats
extend/enlarge a house/building/room/kitchen
build (BrE) an extension (to the back/rear of a house)/(NAmE) an addition (on/to sth)/(BrE) a conservatory
knock down/demolish a house/home/building/wall
knock out/through the wall separating two rooms
Decoration
furnish/paint/ (especially BrE) decorate a home/house/apartment/flat/room
be decorated in bright colours/(especially US) colors/in a traditional style/with flowers/with paintings
paint/plaster the walls/ceiling
hang/put up/strip off/remove the wallpaper
install/replace/remove the bathroom fixtures/(BrE) fittings
build/put up shelves
lay wooden flooring/timber decking/floor tiles/a carpet/a patio
put up/hang/take down a picture/painting/poster/curtain
DIY/home improvement
do (BrE) DIY/carpentry/the plumbing/the wiring
make home improvements
add/install central heating/underfloor heating/insulation
fit/install double-glazing/a smoke alarm
insulate your house/your home/the walls/the pipes/the tanks/(especially BrE) the loft
fix/repair a roof/a leak/a pipe/the plumbing/a leaking (especially BrE) tap/(NAmE usually) faucet
block/clog (up)/unblock/unclog a pipe/sink
make/drill/fill a hole
hammer (in)/pull out/remove a nail
tighten/untighten/loosen/remove a screw
saw/cut/treat/stain/varnish/paint wood
Synonyms:
building
property • premises • complex • structure • block
These are all words for a structure such as a house, office block or factory that has a roof and four walls
building • a structure such as a house, office block or factory that has a roof and four walls
property • a building or buildings and the surrounding land; land and buildings: ▪ We have a buyer who would like to view the property. ◊ ▪ The price of property has risen enormously.
This word is often used when talking about buying/selling houses or other buildings and land.
premises • [pl.] the building or buildings and surrounding land that a business owns or uses: ▪ The company is looking for larger premises.
complex • a group of buildings of a similar type together in one place: ▪ a leisure complex
structure • a thing that is made of several parts, especially a building: ▪ The pier is a wooden structure.
block • (BrE) a tall building that contains flats or offices; a building that forms part of a school, hospital, etc. and is used for a particular purpose: ▪ a block of flats ◊ ▪ the school's science block
a(n) commercial/industrial/residential building/property/premises/complex/block
an apartment building/complex/block
a/the school building/premises
to build a(n) property/complex/structure/block
to put up a building/property/structure/block
to demolish/pull down a(n) building/property/complex/structure/block
Example Bank:
• Both architects specialize in the restoration of historic buildings.
• Housing is limited and most people live in high-rise apartment buildings.
• In 2008 the building was converted into a house.
• Several new buildings are now being put up.
• The building was gutted by fire.
• The opera house is one of the city's landmark buildings.
• The prices of commercial and residential buildings increased by 13.4%.
• They were refused planning permission for a modern extension because it was a Grade II listed building.
• They're renovating the old farm buildings.
• We're having some building work done.
• a central square, where two buildings stand
• The Blue Mosque at Isfahan is the most beautiful building I have ever seen.
• There's building work going on next door.
• a tall/high-rise/ten-storey building

• the building of the new stadium

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

building

building /ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/
noun [C or U]
a structure with walls and a roof such as a house or factory, or the business of making these:
The once-empty site was now covered with buildings.
He started off in the building trade before opening his own restaurant.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

building

/bɪldɪŋ/
(buildings)

Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.

A building is a structure that has a roof and walls, for example a house or a factory.
They were on the upper floor of the building...
Crowds gathered around the Parliament building.

N-COUNT

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

building

build·ing /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ noun, pl -ings
1 [count] : a structure (such as a house, hospital, school, etc.) with a roof and walls that is used as a place for people to live, work, do activities, store things, etc.
• My office is in that small brick building.
• office/apartment buildings [=buildings with offices/apartments inside]
2 [noncount] : the act or process of making structures by putting together materials
• We bought the land for building.
- often + of
• He planned the building [=construction] of the town's roads and bridges.
• The building of the bridge took 10 years.
- often used before another noun
• building materials/supplies
• a building contractor [=someone whose business is building structures]
• the building site

shave

shave [verb]

/ʃeɪv/

Example:

I shave every day.

to make a part of your body smooth by cutting off the hair using a razor or shaver

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

I shave every day.

من‌ هر روز ريش‌ مى‌تراشم‌.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

personal hygiene and appearance - general words

Level:

B1 (Intermediate)

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

shave

verb (shaves, shaving, shaved )
to cut hair off your face or body by cutting it very close with a special knife (called a razor):
He shaves every morning.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

shave

I. verb

I. shave1 S3 /ʃeɪv/ verb
[Language: Old English; Origin: scafan]

1. [intransitive and transitive] to cut off hair very close to the skin, especially from the face, using a razor:
   • He hadn’t shaved for days.
   • Brian had cut himself shaving.
  shave your head/legs/armpits etc
   • She shaved her legs and underarms.
2. [transitive] to remove very thin pieces from the surface of something:
   • Shave thin strips of cheese over the pasta.
shave something ↔ off phrasal verb
  1. to remove hair by shaving:
   • I’ve decided to shave off my beard.
  2. (also shave something off something) to remove very thin pieces from the surface of something, using a knife or other cutting tool:
   • I had to shave a few millimetres off the bottom of the door to make it shut.
  3. (also shave something off something) if you shave a small amount off something such as a price or a record, you make the price slightly smaller or the record time slightly shorter:
   • She shaved half a second off the world record.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

shave

shave [shave shaves shaved shaving] verb, noun [ʃeɪv] [ʃeɪv]

verb

1. intransitive, transitive to cut hair from the skin, especially the face, using a razor

• Mike cut himself shaving.

• ~ sb/sth/yourself The nurse washed and shaved him.

• a shaved head

see also shaven

2. transitive ~ sth to cut a small amount off a price, etc

• The firm had shaved profit margins.

Word Origin:

Old English sc(e)afan ‘scrape away the surface of (something) by paring’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch schaven and German schaben.

Thesaurus:

shave verb T, I

• He shaved off his beard.

cut • • trim • • snip • • shear • • clip • • crop •

shave/cut/trim/snip/shear/clip sth off

shave/cut/snip/shear/clip sth from sth

shave/cut/trim/snip/shear/clip/crop hair

Example Bank:

• He has completely shaved his head.

• I cut myself when I was shaving.

Derived: shave something off ▪ shave something off something

noun

an act of shaving

• I need a shave.

• to have a shave

see a close call/shave at close2 adj.

Word Origin:

Old English sc(e)afan ‘scrape away the surface of (something) by paring’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch schaven and German schaben.

Example Bank:

• He had a bath and a quick shave first.

• You can get a really close, smooth shave with this new double-bladed razor.

• an old-fashioned barber who does wet shaves

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

shave

shave /ʃeɪv/
verb [I or T]
to remove hair from the body, especially a man's face, by cutting it close to the skin with a razor, so that the skin feels smooth:
John has to shave twice a day.
I always shave my legs in the bath.
Do you shave under your arms?
When my dad shaved his beard (off), he looked ten years younger.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

shave

/ʃeɪv/
(shaves, shaving, shaved)

1.
When a man shaves, he removes the hair from his face using a razor or shaver so that his face is smooth.
He took a bath and shaved before dinner...
He had shaved his face until it was smooth...
It’s a pity you shaved your moustache off.
VERB: V, V n, V n with off
•
Shave is also a noun.
He never seemed to need a shave.
N-COUNT
• shav‧ing
...a range of shaving products.
N-UNCOUNT

2.
If someone shaves a part of their body, they remove the hair from it so that it is smooth.
Many women shave their legs...
If you have long curly hair, don’t shave it off.
VERB: V n, V n with off

3.
If you shave someone, you remove the hair from their face or another part of their body so that it is smooth.
The doctors shaved his head...
She had to call a barber to shave him.
VERB: V n, V n

4.
If you shave off part of a piece of wood or other material, you cut very thin pieces from it.
I set the log on the ground and shaved off the bark...
She was shaving thin slices off a courgette.
VERB: V n with off, V n off n

5.
If you shave a small amount off something such as a record, cost, or price, you reduce it by that amount.
She’s already shaved four seconds off the national record for the mile...
Supermarket chains have shaved prices.
VERB: V n off/from n, V n

6.
see also shaving

7.
If you describe a situation as a close shave, you mean that there was nearly an accident or a disaster but it was avoided.
I can’t quite believe the close shaves I’ve had just recently.
PHRASE: N inflects

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

¹shave /ˈʃeɪv/ verb shaves; shaved; shaved or shav·en /ˈʃeɪvən/; shav·ing
1 a : to cut the hair, wool, etc., off (someone or something) very close to the skin

[+ obj]

• He shaves himself [=cuts off the hair that grows on his face] every morning before breakfast.
• He shaved his head.
• She cut herself while shaving her legs.
• The sheep were all shaved.
• shaved/shaven heads/legs

[no obj]

• He shaves every morning before breakfast.
• I cut myself shaving this morning.
b [+ obj] : to cut off (hair, wool, a beard, etc.) very close to the skin
• He shaved his beard.
• She shaves her dog's fur in the summer.
- often + off
• He shaved off his beard.
2 [+ obj] : to remove a thin layer of (something) from something
• He shaved some butter from the container.
- usually + off
• Shave the bark off the tree.
3 [+ obj] : to reduce something by taking away (a small amount) - usually + off
• Can you shave a little off the price? [=can you reduce the price by a small amount?]
• She was able to shave a few seconds off the record. [=to beat the record by a few seconds]

makeup

makeup [noun] (FOR FACE)

/ˈmeɪkˌʌp/

Example:

to use makeup

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

to use makeup

بزك‌ كردن‌

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

make-up and skin care

Level:

A2 (Elementary)

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

make-up

noun (no plural)
special powders and creams that you put on your face to make yourself more beautiful. Actors also wear make-up when they are acting:
She put on her make-up.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

make up

make up phrasal verb (see also ↑make)
1. FORM/BE make up something [not in progressive] to combine together to form something SYN constitute:
Women make up only a small proportion of the prison population.
be made up of something
The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
2. PRETEND SOMETHING IS TRUE make something ↔ up to pretend that something is true in order to deceive someone:
I think they’re making the whole thing up. ⇨ ↑made-up(1)
3. INVENT make something ↔ up to produce a new story, song, game etc by thinking:
Nick made up a song about them.
When you’re the boss you can make up your own rules.
I’ve given talks so many times that now I just make them up as I go along (=think of things to say as I am speaking).
4. PREPARE make something ↔ up to prepare something by mixing things or putting things together:
I could make up a bed for you on the sofa.
Can you make up a bottle of milk for the baby?
5. SB’S FACE make somebody ↔ up to put ↑make-up (=special coloured substances) on someone’s face in order to make them look better or different:
They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.
One lucky winner will have the chance to be made up and photographed.
► Do not use the verb 'make up' when you are talking about putting make-up on your own face. Say that you put on (your) make-up. ⇨ ↑made-up(2)
6. NUMBER/AMOUNT make something ↔ up especially British English to add to an amount in order to bring it up to the level that is needed:
I saved as much as I could, and my parents made up the rest.
The company will be forced to pay $6 million to make up the difference.
7. TIME/WORK make something ↔ up to work at times when you do not usually work, because you have not done as much work as you should:
I’m trying to make up the time I lost while I was sick.
Is it OK if I make the work up next week?
8. FRIENDS (also make it up) informal to become friendly with someone again after you have had an argument
make up with
Have you made up with Patty yet?
Oh come on! Why don’t you just kiss and make up?
9. FROM CLOTH make something ↔ up to produce something from cloth by cutting and sewing:
The dress had been made up to her exact requirements.
make something ↔ up into
I plan on making that material up into a dress. ⇨ make up your mind at ↑mind¹(3)

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

make-up

ˈmake-up [make-up make-ups] noun

1. uncountable substances used especially by women to make their faces look more attractive, or used by actors to change their appearance

• eye make-up

• to put on your make-up

• She never wears make-up.

• a make-up artist (= a person whose job is to put make-up on the faces of actors and models)

2. singular the different qualities that combine to form sb's character or being

• Jealousy is not part of his make-up.

• The final act exposes the fatal flaws in his make-up.

• a person's genetic make-up

• The report studies the psychological make-up of a serial killer.

3. singular ~ (of sth) the different things, people, etc. that combine to form sth; the way in which they combine

• the make-up of a TV audience

• (technical) the page make-up of a text (= the way in which the words and pictures are arranged on a page)

4. countable (NAmE) a special exam taken by students who missed or failed an earlier one

Collocations:

Clothes and fashion

Clothes

be wearing a new outfit/bright colours/fancy dress/fur/uniform

be (dressed) in black/red/jeans and a T-shirt/your best suit/leather/silk/rags (= very old torn clothes)

be dressed for work/school/dinner/a special occasion

be dressed as a man/woman/clown/pirate

wear/dress in casual/designer/second-hand clothes

wear jewellery/(especially US) jewelry/accessories/a watch/glasses/contact lenses/perfume

have a cowboy hat/red dress/blue suit on

put on/take off your clothes/coat/shoes/helmet

pull on/pull off your coat/gloves/socks

change into/get changed into a pair of jeans/your pyjamas/(especially US) your pajamas

Appearance

change/enhance/improve your appearance

create/get/have/give sth a new/contemporary/retro look

brush/comb/shampoo/wash/blow-dry your hair

have/get a haircut/your hair cut/a new hairstyle

have/get a piercing/your nose pierced

have/get a tattoo/a tattoo done (on your arm)/a tattoo removed

have/get a makeover/cosmetic surgery

use/wear/apply/put on make-up/cosmetics

Fashion

follow/keep up with (the) fashion/the latest fashions

spend/waste money on designer clothes

be fashionably/stylishly/well dressed

have good/great/terrible/awful taste in clothes

update/revamp your wardrobe

be in/come into/go out of fashion

be (back/very much) in vogue

create a style/trend/vogue for sth

organize/put on a fashion show

show/unveil a designer's spring/summer collection

sashay/strut down the catwalk/(NAmE also) runway

be on/do a photo/fashion shoot

Example Bank:

• He was given an Oscar for his make-up work on the film.

• I never wear make-up.

• She was checking her make-up in the mirror.

• You don't wear full make-up to go swimming.

• a tearful girl with make-up running down her face

• the make-up effects for the film

• the unique make-up of each person

• Ireland did show up a number of flaws in the England team's make-up.

• The final act reveals the flaws in his make-up.

• the genetic make-up of plants and animals

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

ˈ make-up / ˈmeɪk.ʌp / noun [ U ] (FOR FACE)

A2 coloured substances used on your face to improve or change your appearance:

I put on a little eye make-up.

She wears a lot of make-up.

ˈ make-up / ˈmeɪk.ʌp / noun [ U ] (PARTS)

The make-up of something or someone is the combination of things that form it:

They argue that the membership of the Council does not reflect the racial make-up of the city.

Organizational ability is not one of the most obvious parts of his make-up.

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

make up
1.
The people or things that make up something are the members or parts that form that thing.
North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country...
Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.
= form, constitute
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron), be V-ed P of n, also V n P

2.
If you make up something such as a story or excuse, you invent it, sometimes in order to deceive people.
I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him...
I’m not making it up. The character exists in real life.
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron), V n P

3.
If you make yourself up or if someone else makes you up, make-up such as powder or lipstick is put on your face.
She spent too much time making herself up...
She chose Maggie to make her up for her engagement photographs...
I can’t be bothered to make up my face.
PHRASAL VERB: V n P, V n P, V P n (not pron)

4.
If you make up an amount, you add something to it so that it is as large as it should be.
Less than half of the money that students receive is in the form of grants, and loans have made up the difference...
The team had six professionals and made the number up with five amateurs...
For every £100 you invest into a pension plan the Inland Revenue makes it up to £125.
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron), V n P, V n P to amount

5.
If you make up time or hours, you work some extra hours because you have previously taken some time off work.
They’ll have to make up time lost during the strike.
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron), also V n P

6.
If two people make up or make it up after a quarrel or disagreement, they become friends again.
She came back and they made up...
They never made up the quarrel...
They should make up with their ex-enemy in the West...
I’ll make it up with him again.
PHRASAL VERB: pl-n V P, pl-n V P n, V P with n, V it P with n, also pl-n V it P

7.
If you make up something such as food or medicine, you prepare it by mixing or putting different things together.
Prepare the souffle dish before making up the souffle mixture.
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron), also V n P

8.
If you make up a bed, you put sheets and blankets on it so that someone can sleep there.
Her mother made up a bed in her old room.
PHRASAL VERB: V P n (not pron)

make-up

also makeup

Frequency: The word is one of the 3000 most common words in English.

1.
Make-up consists of things such as lipstick, eye shadow, and powder which some women put on their faces to make themselves look more attractive or which actors use to change or improve their appearance.
Normally she wore little make-up...
N-UNCOUNT

2.
Someone’s make-up is their nature and the various qualities in their character.
There was some fatal flaw in his makeup, and as time went on he lapsed into long silences or became off-hand.
= personality
N-UNCOUNT: with supp, usu poss N

3.
The make-up of something consists of its different parts and the way these parts are arranged.
The ideological make-up of the unions is now radically different from what it had been.
N-UNCOUNT: with supp

effective

effective [adjective] (SUCCESSFUL)

/əˈfek.tɪv/

/ɪˈfek.tɪv/

Example:

It's an extremely effective cure for a headache.

someone or something that is effective works well and produces the result that was intended

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

He played his role most effectively.

او به‌ طور چشمگيرى نقش‌ خود را بازى كرد.‏

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

efficient and effective

Level:

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

Region:

American English

British English

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

effective

ef‧fec‧tive S2 W1 /ɪˈfektɪv/ adjective
[Word Family: noun: effect, effectiveness ≠ ineffectiveness; adjective: effective ≠ ineffective, effectual ≠ ineffectual; verb: effect; adverb: effectively ≠ ineffectively]
1. successful, and working in the way that was intended OPP ineffective:
   • The cheaper drugs are just as effective in treating arthritis.
   • the painting’s highly effective use of colour
   • Training is often much less effective than expected.
   • the most effective ways of reducing inner city congestion
  REGISTER
   In everyday English, people usually say that something works (well), rather than say that it is effective:
   ▪ • The cheaper drugs work just as well.
2. [no comparative, not before noun] if a law, agreement, or system becomes effective, it officially starts
  effective from
   • The cut in interest rates is effective from Monday.
3. [no comparative, only before noun] real rather than what is officially intended or generally believed:
   • The rebels are in effective control of the city.
—effectiveness noun [uncountable]
     • • •

COLLOCATIONS

■ adverbs

▪ extremely/highly effective • The company launched a highly effective advertising campaign.

■ nouns

   ▪ an effective way • What’s the most effective way to control crime?
   ▪ an effective method • Exams are not the most effective method of assessing students’ abilities.
   ▪ an effective means • Is reducing the speed limit an effective means of reducing accidents?
   ▪ effective action • The police must take effective action to protect the public.
   ▪ an effective solution • The most effective solution to traffic congestion is to build more roads.
   ▪ an effective treatment • Antibiotics are still the most effective treatment for this disease.
   ▪ an effective system • The country has a simple but effective welfare system.
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ successful achieving what you wanted, or having the effect or result you intended: • He applied for a visa three times and in the end he was successful. | • The treatment was successful. | • It was a highly successful campaign.
   ▪ effective having the effect or result that was wanted - used especially about treatments, drugs, or methods: • The drug is effective against a range of diseases. | • We still haven't found an effective way to solve the problem.
   ▪ victorious successful as a result of winning in a game, election, war etc: • the captain of the victorious team | • She emerged victorious in the second round of voting.
   ▪ promising likely to be very successful in the future, used especially about someone who is good at a job, sport, art etc: • a promising young athlete | • He gave up a promising career in banking.
   ▪ thriving very successful – used about a company, industry, or organization that is doing well at a particular time: • The area has a thriving tourist industry. | • The school is thriving academically.
   ▪ booming extremely successful – used about an economy, or when business or trade is increasing: • the booming economy in China | • Business is booming.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

effective

ef·fect·ive [ɪˈfektɪv] [ɪˈfektɪv] adjective

1. producing the result that is wanted or intended; producing a successful result

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders.

• Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.

• drugs that are effective against cancer

• Some people believe that violence is an effective way of protesting.

• I admire the effective use of colour in her paintings.

Opp: ineffective

see also cost-effective

2. only before noun in reality, although not officially intended

• the effective, if not the actual, leader of the party

• In spite of what they are told, parents have no effective choice of schools.

• He has now taken effective control of the country.

3. (formal) (of laws and rules) coming into use

• The new speed limit on this road becomes effective from 1 June.

Derived Word: effectiveness

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

effect

effect (USE) /ɪˈfekt/
noun [U]
use:
The present system of payment will remain in effect (= be used) until the end of the rental agreement.
When do the new driving laws come into effect?
The new salary increases will take effect (= begin) from January onwards.

effective /ɪˈfek.tɪv/
adjective
The new laws will become effective next month.
See also effective at effect (RESULT).

effect (RESULT) /ɪˈfekt/
noun [C or U]
1 the result of a particular influence:
The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn't have any effect.
I think I'm suffering from the effects of too little sleep.
She has a lot of confidence which she uses to good effect (= to her advantage) in interviews.
See also after effects.

2 take effect to produce or achieve the results you want:
They had to wait ten minutes for the anaesthetic to take effect before they stitched up the cut.

3 MAINLY DISAPPROVING for effect If you say or do something for effect, you intentionally do it to shock people or attract their attention:
I get the impression that she uses bad language in meetings for effect.

4 in effect in fact, or in practice:
So in effect the government have lowered taxes for the rich and raised them for the poor.
See also effect (USE). effective /ɪˈfek.tɪv/
adjective
1 successful or achieving the results that you want:
It's an extremely effective cure for a headache.
The lighting for the production made a very effective use of shadow.
She's a very effective teacher.
NOTE: The opposite is ineffective.

2 [before noun] in fact, although not officially:
Although she's not officially our boss, she's in effective control of the office.
See also effective at effect (USE).

effectively /ɪˈfek.tɪv.li/
adverb
1 in a way that is successful and achieves what you want:
The tablets work more effectively if you take a hot drink after them.

2 used when you describe what the real result of a situation is:
His wife left him when the children were small, so he effectively brought up the family himself.
Effectively, we have to start again from scratch.

effectiveness /ɪˈfek.tɪv.nəs/
noun [U]
There are doubts about the effectiveness of the new drug (= how successful it is) in treating the disease.

effectual /ɪˈfek.tju.əl/
adjective FORMAL
effective and successful:
They wish to promote a real and effectual understanding between the two countries.

effectually /ɪˈfek.tju.əl.i/
adverb FORMAL

American English

British English

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

effective

adjective

energetic

/ˌen.ɚˈdʒet̬.ɪk/

/ˌen.əˈdʒet.ɪk/

Example:

My father was an energetic man.

an energetic person has a lot of energy and is very active

Persian equivalent:

Click here.

Theme, CEFR level & Tags

Theme:

energetic and lively

Level:

B2 (Upper-intermediate)

Region:

American English

British English

Oxford Essential Dictionary

energetic

adjective
full of energy so that you can do a lot of things

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

energetic

en‧er‧get‧ic AC /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk◂ $ -ər-/ adjective
[Word Family: adjective: energetic, energizing; verb: energize; noun: energy; adverb: energetically]
having or needing a lot of energy or determination:
   • an energetic man
   • an energetic drive to get more customers
  energetic in doing something
   • We need to be more energetic in promoting ourselves abroad.
—energetically /-kli/ adverb:
   • He fought energetically against apartheid.
     • • •

THESAURUS

   ▪ energetic having a lot of energy: • If you’re feeling energetic, we could go out for a run.
   ▪ full of energy/bursting with energy energetic and ready to work hard or do a lot of things: • I admire her because she’s so full of energy and enthusiasm. | • When she first started at the college she was bursting with energy and full of new ideas.
   ▪ dynamic very energetic and always wanting to do new things: • What this country needs is a dynamic new leader.
   ▪ hyperactive having more energy than is normal or good, because you cannot keep still or quiet for very long – used especially about children: • Our youngest daughter was hyperactive, and it had a damaging effect on the whole family.
   ▪ tireless working with a lot of energy in a determined way, especially to achieve a particular thing: • She was a tireless campaigner against apartheid in South Africa.
   ▪ full of beans informal feeling energetic and happy and showing this in the way you behave: • He’s one of those people who leap out of bed full of beans every morning.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

energetic

en·er·get·ic AW [ˌenəˈdʒetɪk] [ˌenərˈdʒetɪk] adjective

having or needing a lot of energy and enthusiasm

• He knew I was energetic and dynamic and would get things done.

• an energetic supporter

• The heart responds well to energetic exercise.

• For the more energetic (= people who prefer physical activities), we offer windsurfing and diving.

• I think I'd prefer something a little less energetic.

Derived Word: energetically

Word Origin:

mid 17th cent. (in the sense ‘powerfully effective’): from Greek energētikos, from energein ‘operate, work in or upon’ (based on ergon ‘work’).

Thesaurus:

energetic [energetic energetically] adj.

• He's an energetic person who will get things done.

vigorous • • active • |approving lively • • dynamic • • spirited •

energetic/active/lively/dynamic/spirited person/man/woman

energetic/active member of sth

energetic/vigorous/active/lively/dynamic/spirited campaign

Energetic or vigorous? Energetic tends to refer more to physical energy and activities; vigorous often refers to business and political activities

• a vigorous opponent/supporter/campaigner

Example Bank:

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies.

• She seems remarkably energetic for a woman her age.

• For the more energetic we offer windsurfing and diving.

• He knew I was energetic and would get things done.

• I think I'd prefer something a little less energetic.

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary - 4th Edition

energetic / ˌen.əˈdʒet.ɪk / / -ɚˈdʒet̬- / adjective

B2 having or involving a lot of energy:

an energetic young woman

I tried aerobics but it was too energetic for me.

energetically / -ɪ.k ə l.i / adverb

Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary

energetic

[e̱nə(r)ʤe̱tɪk]
1) ADJ-GRADED If you are energetic in what you do, you have a lot of enthusiasm and determination.
  Blackwell is 59, strong looking, enormously energetic and accomplished...
  The next government will play an energetic role in seeking multilateral nuclear disarmament.
  Derived words:
  energetically [e̱nə(r)ʤe̱tɪkli] ADV-GRADED ADV with v He talked on energetically... He had worked energetically all day on his new book.
2) ADJ-GRADED An energetic person is very active and does not feel at all tired. An energetic activity involves a lot of physical movement and power.
  Ten year-olds are incredibly energetic.
  ...an energetic exercise routine.
  Derived words:
  energetically ADV-GRADED ADV with v Gretchen chewed energetically on the gristled steak.

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Merriam-Webster's Advanced Learner's Dictionary:

energetic

en·er·get·ic /ˌɛnɚˈʤɛtɪk/ adj [more ~; most ~]
1 : having or showing a lot of energy
• She has an energetic personality.
• The children are energetic workers.
2 : involving a lot of effort
• They mounted an energetic campaign.
- en·er·get·i·cal·ly /ˌɛnɚˈʤɛtɪkli/ adv [more ~; most ~]
• They were working energetically.

American English

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B2 (Upper-intermediate)

energetic

adjective

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